---
title: ruinous — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «ruinous» in the Judaism dictionary: Ruinous means fallen to pieces, in ruins: a ruinous castle. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/judaism/R/ruinous/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [dictionaries](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/) / [Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/judaism/) / [R](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/judaism/R/) / ruinous

# ruinous

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Ruinous, city, none, things, Writings, I · **What happens:** mean, fall, cause, take away, be, put · **To what, where:** great loss, Damascus, city, ruinous heap, hand, Writings · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«ruinous» in the Judaism dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [ruinous in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/ruinous.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ruinous means fallen to pieces, in ruins: a ruinous castle.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:ruinous:m1:1
# text = Ruinous means fallen to pieces, in ruins: a ruinous castle.
1	Ruinous	Ruinous	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	fallen	fall	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	ccomp	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	pieces	piece	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	ruins	ruin	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	ruinous	ruinous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	castle	castle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Ruinous |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **fall** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | to pieces and ruins | vn acquiesce-95.1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent to piece=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ruinous also means causing great loss or damage, very costly.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:ruinous:m2:1
# text = Ruinous also means causing great loss or damage, very costly.
1	Ruinous	Ruinous	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	also	also	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	causing	cause	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	xcomp	_	_
5	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	loss	loss	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	damage	damage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	very	very	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
11	costly	costly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Ruinous |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **cause** *not said to happen* | gerund | Ruinous *not said here* | great loss or damage |  |  |  |  | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition loss=Patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Behold, Damascus is taken away from being a city, and it shall be a ruinous heap. (Prophets ISA.17.1, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Behold, Damascus is taken away from being a city, and it shall be a ruinous heap.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:ruinous:x1:1
# text = Behold, Damascus is taken away from being a city, and it shall be a ruinous heap.
1	Behold	behold	INTJ	UH	_	5	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	Damascus	Damascus	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	taken	take	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	away	away	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
7	from	from	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	10	cop	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
13	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	nsubj	_	_
14	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	18	aux	_	_
15	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	18	cop	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
17	ruinous	ruinous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	heap	heap	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take away** | present · passive |  | Damascus |  |  |  | away *property* | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | gerund |  |  |  | a city |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **is a** | shall | city | a ruinous heap |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Prophets ISA.17.1, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:ruinous:x1:2
# text = (Prophets ISA.17.1, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Prophets	prophet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	ISA.17.1	ISA.17.1	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Surely none shall put forth his hand to a ruinous heap, neither because of these things shall help come in one's calamity, (Writings JOB.30.24, JPS 1917)

<!-- fold The tree, 27 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:ruinous:x2:1
# text = Surely none shall put forth his hand to a ruinous heap, neither because of these things shall help come in one's calamity, (Writings JOB.30.24, JPS 1917)
1	Surely	surely	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
2	none	none	PRON	NN	PronType=Neg	4	nsubj	_	_
3	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	put	put	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	forth	forth	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
6	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
8	to	to	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	ruinous	ruinous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	heap	heap	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
13	neither	neither	CCONJ	CC	Polarity=Neg	19	cc:preconj	_	_
14	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	19	mark	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	fixed	_	_
16	these	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	17	det	_	_
17	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	nsubj	_	_
18	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	19	aux	_	_
19	help	help	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	parataxis	_	_
20	come	come	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	19	xcomp	_	_
21	in	in	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
22	one	one	PRON	PRP	Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	24	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	's	's	PART	POS	_	22	case	_	_
24	calamity	calamity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
26	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	27	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	obl	_	_
28	JOB.30.24	JOB.30.24	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	27	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
30	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	28	flat	_	_
31	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	28	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	19	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **put** | shall | none | his hand |  |  |  | to a ruinous heap; forth, surely *property* | vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent hand=Goal |
| 2 | **help** | shall | this things | Writings |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 3 | **come** | infinitive | Writings *not said here* |  |  | one's calamity |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in calamity=Location |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Long ago I made it, in ancient times I fashioned it; now have I brought it to pass, yea, it is done; that fortified cities should be laid waste into ruinous heaps. (Prophets ISA.37.26, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Long ago I made it, in ancient times I fashioned it; now have I brought it to pass, yea, it is done; that fortified cities should be laid waste into ruinous heaps.

<!-- fold The tree, 32 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:ruinous:x3:1
# text = Long ago I made it, in ancient times I fashioned it; now have I brought it to pass, yea, it is done; that fortified cities should be laid waste into ruinous heaps.
1	Long	long	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	2	advmod	_	_
2	ago	ago	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
3	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	ancient	ancient	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	times	time	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obl	_	_
10	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
11	fashioned	fashioned	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	parataxis	_	_
12	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
14	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	15	advmod	_	_
15	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
16	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	17	nsubj	_	_
17	brought	bring	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	15	ccomp	_	_
18	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	obj	_	_
19	to	to	PART	TO	_	20	mark	_	_
20	pass	pass	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	17	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
22	yea	yea	INTJ	UH	_	26	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
24	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	26	nsubj:pass	_	_
25	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	26	aux:pass	_	_
26	done	do	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	20	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	33	punct	_	_
28	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	30	nsubj	_	_
29	fortified	fortify	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	30	amod	_	_
30	cities	city	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	33	nsubj:pass	_	_
31	should	should	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	33	aux	_	_
32	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	33	aux:pass	_	_
33	laid	lay	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	conj	_	_
34	waste	waste	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	33	obj	_	_
35	into	into	ADP	IN	_	37	case	_	_
36	ruinous	ruinous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	37	amod	_	_
37	heaps	heap	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	33	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | I | it |  |  |  | ago *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Product |
| 2 | **have** | present | I *not said here* |  |  |  | now |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **bring** | past | I | it |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent it=Theme |
| 4 | **pass** | to-infinitive | I *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 5 | **do** | present · passive |  | it |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Eventuality |
| 6 | **fortify** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn equip-13.4.2-1-1 «NP.theme V NP»: agent=Theme |
| 7 | **city** |  | that |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 8 | **lay** | should · passive |  | fortified cities |  | ruinous heaps |  |  | vn put\_spatial-9.2 «NP V NP ADVP»: subject=Theme waste=Destination |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Prophets ISA.37.26, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:ruinous:x3:2
# text = (Prophets ISA.37.26, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Prophets	prophet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	ISA.37.26	ISA.37.26	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It was a ruinous old castle, haunted by spirits.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:ruinous:x4:1
# text = It was a ruinous old castle, haunted by spirits.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
4	ruinous	ruinous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
5	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	castle	castle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	haunted	haunt	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	acl	_	_
9	by	by	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	spirits	spirit	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | It | a ruinous old castle |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **haunt** | participle |  | a ruinous old castle *not said here* |  |  |  | by spirits | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The balcony was in a very ruinous state.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:ruinous:x5:1
# text = The balcony was in a very ruinous state.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	balcony	balcony	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
6	very	very	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	ruinous	ruinous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	state	state	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the balcony |  |  | a ruinous state |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The repairs would be ruinous.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:ruinous:x6:1
# text = The repairs would be ruinous.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	repairs	repair	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
3	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	cop	_	_
5	ruinous	ruinous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | would | the repairs |  |  |  |  | ruinous *property* | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [ruin](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/judaism/R/ruin/)
- next →: [rule](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/judaism/R/rule/)
- ↑ back to [R in Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/judaism/R/)