---
title: sackcloth — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «sackcloth» in the Judaism dictionary: A rough, coarse cloth made from sacking, once worn to show sadness or sorrow. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# sackcloth

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Jacob, David, I, beggar · **What happens:** make, wear, show, rend, put, mourn · **To what, where:** rough coarse cloth, sacking, sadness, garments, sackcloth, loins

<!-- .vabout -->
«sackcloth» in the Judaism dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [sackcloth in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/sackcloth.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A rough, coarse cloth made from sacking, once worn to show sadness or sorrow.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:sackcloth:m1:1
# text = A rough, coarse cloth made from sacking, once worn to show sadness or sorrow.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
2	rough	rough	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	coarse	coarse	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	cloth	cloth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
7	from	from	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	sacking	sacking	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	once	once	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	11	advmod	_	_
11	worn	wear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	acl	_	_
12	to	to	PART	TO	_	13	mark	_	_
13	show	show	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	advcl	_	_
14	sadness	sadness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	_
15	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	sorrow	sorrow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | participle |  | a rough coarse cloth *not said here* |  | sacking |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V PP»: agent=Asset from sacking=Material |
| 2 | **wear** | participle |  | sacking *not said here* |  |  |  | once *property* | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V PP-Conative»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **show** | to-infinitive |  | sadness or sorrow |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent sadness=Recipient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And Jacob rent his garments, and put sackcloth upon his loins, and mourned for his son many days. (Torah GEN.37.34, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* And Jacob rent his garments, and put sackcloth upon his loins, and mourned for his son many days.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:sackcloth:x1:1
# text = And Jacob rent his garments, and put sackcloth upon his loins, and mourned for his son many days.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	Jacob	Jacob	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	rent	rend	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	garments	garment	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	put	put	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	conj	_	_
9	sackcloth	sackcloth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
10	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	loins	loin	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	mourned	mourn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
16	for	for	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	18	nmod:poss	_	_
18	son	son	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	_
19	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
20	days	day	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rend** | past | Jacob | Jacob's garments |  |  |  |  | vn break-45.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent garment=Patient |
| 2 | **put** | infinitive | Jacob *not said here* | sackcloth |  | Jacob's loins |  |  | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: agent=Agent sackcloth=Theme upon loin=Destination |
| 3 | **mourn** | past | Jacob *not said here* |  |  |  | day | for Jacob's son | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer for son=Attribute |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Torah GEN.37.34, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:sackcloth:x1:2
# text = (Torah GEN.37.34, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	GEN.37.34	GEN.37.34	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Then David and the elders, clothed in sackcloth, fell upon their faces. (Writings 1CH.21.16, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Then David and the elders, clothed in sackcloth, fell upon their faces.

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:sackcloth:x2:1
# text = Then David and the elders, clothed in sackcloth, fell upon their faces.
1	Then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	2	advmod	_	_
2	David	David	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	elders	elder	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	clothed	clothe	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl:relcl	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	sackcloth	sackcloth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
11	fell	fall	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
12	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	14	nmod:poss	_	_
14	faces	face	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **clothe** | participle |  | David and the elders *not said here* |  |  |  | in sackcloth | vn dress-41.1.1-1-2 «Passive»: agent=Pivot in sackcloth=Theme |
| 2 | **fall** | past | David and the elders |  |  | David's faces |  |  | vn occur-48.3 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme upon face=Location |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings 1CH.21.16, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:sackcloth:x2:2
# text = (Writings 1CH.21.16, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	1CH.21.16	1CH.21.16	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod:unmarked	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I clothe the heavens with blackness, and I make sackcloth their covering. (Prophets ISA.50.3, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* I clothe the heavens with blackness, and I make sackcloth their covering.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:sackcloth:x3:1
# text = I clothe the heavens with blackness, and I make sackcloth their covering.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	clothe	clothe	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	heavens	heaven	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	blackness	blackness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
9	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	make	make	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
11	sackcloth	sackcloth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
12	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	covering	covering	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **clothe** | present | I | the heavens |  |  |  | with blackness | vn dress-41.1.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent heaven=Patient |
| 2 | **make** | present | I | sackcloth |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP NP»: agent=Asset sackcloth=Beneficiary covering=Product |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Prophets ISA.50.3, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:sackcloth:x3:2
# text = (Prophets ISA.50.3, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Prophets	prophet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	ISA.50.3	ISA.50.3	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I made sackcloth also my garment, and I became a byword unto them. (Writings PSA.69.12, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* I made sackcloth also my garment, and I became a byword unto them.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:sackcloth:x4:1
# text = I made sackcloth also my garment, and I became a byword unto them.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	sackcloth	sackcloth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	also	also	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
5	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	garment	garment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
9	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	became	become	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	byword	byword	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	xcomp	_	_
13	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | I | sackcloth |  |  |  | my garment *obl* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sackcloth=Product |
| 2 | **become** | past | I | a byword |  |  |  | unto them *= they* | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings PSA.69.12, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:sackcloth:x4:2
# text = (Writings PSA.69.12, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	PSA.69.12	PSA.69.12	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She had been dressed in a garment of sackcloth.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:sackcloth:x5:1
# text = She had been dressed in a garment of sackcloth.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	dressed	dress	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	garment	garment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	sackcloth	sackcloth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **dress** | past · perfect · passive |  | She |  | a garment of sackcloth |  |  | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The beggar wore sackcloth and ashes.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:sackcloth:x6:1
# text = The beggar wore sackcloth and ashes.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	beggar	beggar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	wore	wear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	sackcloth	sackcloth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	ashes	ash	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wear** | past | the beggar | sackcloth and ashes |  |  |  |  | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent sackcloth=Source |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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