---
title: sadness — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «sadness» in the Judaism dictionary: Sadness is the feeling of being unhappy, often after losing something or someone, or when things go wrong. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# sadness

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Sadness, feeling, things, big heavy one, Vexation, countenance · **What happens:** be, lose, go, last, gladden, feel · **To what, where:** feeling, something, small feeling, heart, great sadness, sadness

<!-- .vabout -->
«sadness» in the Judaism dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 10 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [sadness in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/sadness.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Sadness is the feeling of being unhappy, often after losing something or someone, or when things go wrong.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:sadness:m1:1
# text = Sadness is the feeling of being unhappy, often after losing something or someone, or when things go wrong.
1	Sadness	sadness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	feeling	feeling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	7	cop	_	_
7	unhappy	unhappy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	often	often	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
10	after	after	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
11	losing	lose	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	7	parataxis	_	_
12	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	11	obj	_	_
13	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
16	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
17	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	19	advmod	_	_
18	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	nsubj	_	_
19	go	go	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	parataxis	_	_
20	wrong	wrong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Sadness | the feeling |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | gerund | the feeling *not said here* |  |  |  |  | unhappy *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **lose** | gerund |  | something |  |  |  | often *property* | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Eventuality |
| 4 | **go** | present | things |  |  |  |  | wrong *property* | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Sadness can be a small feeling or a big, heavy one that lasts a long time.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:sadness:m2:1
# text = Sadness can be a small feeling or a big, heavy one that lasts a long time.
1	Sadness	sadness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
3	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	feeling	feeling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
9	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
11	heavy	heavy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
13	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	14	nsubj	_	_
14	lasts	last	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	acl:relcl	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
16	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | can | Sadness | a small feeling or a big heavy one |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **last** | present | a big heavy one |  |  |  | time |  | vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Vexation is better than laughter; for by the sadness of the countenance the heart may be gladdened. (Writings ECC.7.3, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Vexation is better than laughter; for by the sadness of the countenance the heart may be gladdened.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:sadness:x1:1
# text = Vexation is better than laughter; for by the sadness of the countenance the heart may be gladdened.
1	Vexation	vexation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	better	good	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	0	root	_	_
4	than	than	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	laughter	laughter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	by	by	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	sadness	sadness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	countenance	countenance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	heart	heart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nsubj:pass	_	_
16	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	18	aux	_	_
17	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	18	aux:pass	_	_
18	gladdened	gladden	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	13	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Vexation |  |  |  |  | than laughter; for the sadness of the countenance; good *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **gladden** | may · passive | the countenance *not said here* | the heart |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Experiencer |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings ECC.7.3, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:sadness:x1:2
# text = (Writings ECC.7.3, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	ECC.7.3	ECC.7.3	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She felt great sadness when her dog died.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:sadness:x2:1
# text = She felt great sadness when her dog died.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	felt	feel	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	sadness	sadness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	8	mark	_	_
6	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	dog	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
8	died	die	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **feel** | past | She | great sadness |  |  |  |  | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sadness=Theme |
| 2 | **die** | past | her dog |  |  |  |  |  | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It's okay to feel sadness sometimes.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:sadness:x3:1
# text = It's okay to feel sadness sometimes.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	okay	okay	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	feel	feel	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	csubj	_	_
6	sadness	sadness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
7	sometimes	sometimes	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | It |  |  |  |  | okay *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **feel** | to-infinitive |  | sadness |  |  |  | sometimes *property* | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sadness=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
His sadness showed on his face.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:sadness:x4:1
# text = His sadness showed on his face.
1	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	sadness	sadness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	showed	show	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	face	face	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | past | His sadness |  |  | sadness's face |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Talking about your sadness can help.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:sadness:x5:1
# text = Talking about your sadness can help.
1	Talking	talk	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	csubj	_	_
2	about	about	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	sadness	sadness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
5	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
6	help	help	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **talk** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | about your sadness | vn talk-37.5 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent about sadness=Topic |
| 2 | **help** | can | Talking |  |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The song was full of sadness.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:sadness:x6:1
# text = The song was full of sadness.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	song	song	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	full	full	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	sadness	sadness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the song |  |  |  |  | of sadness; full *property* | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Her sadness slowly turned into hope.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:sadness:x7:1
# text = Her sadness slowly turned into hope.
1	Her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	sadness	sadness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	slowly	slowly	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	turned	turn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	into	into	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	hope	hope	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **turn** | past | Her sadness |  |  | hope |  | slowly *property* | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme into hope=Trajectory |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We felt sadness on the last day of school.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:sadness:x8:1
# text = We felt sadness on the last day of school.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	felt	feel	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	sadness	sadness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	last	last	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **feel** | past | We | sadness |  |  | day |  | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sadness=Theme |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Sadness, anger and joy are all feelings.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:sadness:x9:1
# text = Sadness, anger and joy are all feelings.
1	Sadness	sadness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
3	anger	anger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	joy	joy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	_
6	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
7	all	all	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	feelings	feeling	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Sadness and anger and joy | feelings |  |  |  | all *property* | tree rules |

## Example 10 {#x10}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It was during one of these attacks of sadness that a jelly-fish happened to swim by.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:sadness:x10:1
# text = It was during one of these attacks of sadness that a jelly-fish happened to swim by.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	during	during	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	these	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	7	det	_	_
7	attacks	attack	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	sadness	sadness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
10	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	15	nsubj	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
12	jelly	jelly	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	fish	fish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nsubj	_	_
15	happened	happen	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	acl:relcl	_	_
16	to	to	PART	TO	_	17	mark	_	_
17	swim	swim	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	15	xcomp	_	_
18	by	by	ADP	IN	_	17	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | It |  |  |  | during one | of this attacks of sadness | tree rules |
| 2 | **happen** | past | this attacks of sadness |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **swim** | to-infinitive | this attacks of sadness *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **attack** |  |  | sadness |  |  |  |  | nom attack «act transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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