---
title: safar — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «safar» in the Judaism dictionary: A Hebrew root meaning "to count", also linked to telling and writing. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# safar

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Hebrew root, word, syntax, word sefirot, one, safar · **What happens:** mean, count, link, be, require, describe · **To what, where:** finite verb, plural action noun, countings, three, writing, mispar number · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«safar» in the Judaism dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 3 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [safar in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/safar.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A Hebrew root meaning "to count", also linked to telling and writing.

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:safar:m1:1
# text = A Hebrew root meaning "to count", also linked to telling and writing.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	Hebrew	hebrew	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	root	root	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	meaning	mean	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	acl	_	_
5	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	count	count	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	also	also	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
11	linked	link	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	parataxis	_	_
12	to	to	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	telling	telling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	writing	writing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | gerund | a Hebrew root *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **count** *not said to happen, in a quote* | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **link** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | to telling and writing | vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V PP.patient»: agent=Patient to telling=Co-Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The word סָפַר safar is technically a finite verb, and not a noun as the syntax requires. (Sefer Yetzirah, Sefaria community translation)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* The word סָפַר safar is technically a finite verb, and not a noun as the syntax requires.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:safar:x1:1
# text = The word סָפַר safar is technically a finite verb, and not a noun as the syntax requires.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
3	סָפַר	סָפַר	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	safar	safar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
6	technically	technically	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	finite	finite	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	verb	verb	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
12	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	14	advmod	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	noun	noun	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	parataxis	_	_
15	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	18	mark	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	syntax	syntax	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nsubj	_	_
18	requires	require	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the word | a finite verb |  |  |  | technically *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **require** | present | the syntax |  |  |  |  |  | vn require-103-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Sefer Yetzirah, Sefaria community translation)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:safar:x1:2
# text = (Sefer Yetzirah, Sefaria community translation)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Sefer	Sefer	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	Yetzirah	Yetzirah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
5	Sefaria	Sefaria	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
6	community	community	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	translation	translation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The word sefirot by itself is the plural action noun of סָפַר safar 'to count', thus meaning literally 'countings'. (Sefer Yetzirah, Sefaria community translation)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* The word sefirot by itself is the plural action noun of סָפַר safar 'to count', thus meaning literally 'countings'.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:safar:x2:1
# text = The word sefirot by itself is the plural action noun of סָפַר safar 'to count', thus meaning literally 'countings'.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	sefirot	sefirot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
4	by	by	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	itself	itself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Emp|Reflex=Yes	3	nmod	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
8	plural	plural	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
9	action	action	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	noun	noun	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	סָפַר	סָפַר	PUNCT	``	_	13	punct	_	_
13	safar	safar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	_
14	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	to	to	PART	TO	_	16	mark	_	_
16	count	count	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	',	',	PUNCT	''	_	16	punct	_	_
18	thus	thus	ADV	RB	_	19	advmod	_	_
19	meaning	mean	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	16	advcl	_	_
20	literally	literally	ADV	RB	_	22	advmod	_	_
21	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	22	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	countings	counting	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	22	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the word sefirot by sefirot | the plural action noun |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **count** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | of safar | vn matter-91 «NP V»: agent=Stimulus |
| 3 | **mean** | gerund |  | countings |  |  |  | thus *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent counting=Topic |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Sefer Yetzirah, Sefaria community translation)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:safar:x2:2
# text = (Sefer Yetzirah, Sefaria community translation)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Sefer	Sefer	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	Yetzirah	Yetzirah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
5	Sefaria	Sefaria	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
6	community	community	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	translation	translation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
However, only one, ספ״ר SPR, is capable of describing all three: counting (סָפַר safar 'he counted', מִסְפָּר mispar 'number, count'), writing (סֵפֶר sefer 'book, scroll'), and speaking (סִפֵּר sipper 'he told, accounted', סִפּוּר sippur 'telling, account'). (Sefer Yetzirah, Sefaria community translation)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* However, only one, ספ״ר SPR, is capable of describing all three: counting (סָפַר safar 'he counted', מִסְפָּר mispar 'number, count'), writing (סֵפֶר sefer 'book, scroll'), and speaking (סִפֵּר sipper 'he told, accounted', סִפּוּר sippur 'telling, account').

<!-- fold The tree, 35 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:safar:x3:1
# text = However, only one, ספ״ר SPR, is capable of describing all three: counting (סָפַר safar 'he counted', מִסְפָּר mispar 'number, count'), writing (סֵפֶר sefer 'book, scroll'), and speaking (סִפֵּר sipper 'he told, accounted', סִפּוּר sippur 'telling, account').
1	However	however	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	only	only	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	12	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
6	ספ	ספ	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	״	״	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	ר	ר	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	SPR	SPR	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
11	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
12	capable	capable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
13	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	14	mark	_	_
14	describing	describe	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	12	advcl	_	_
15	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	16	det	_	_
16	three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	14	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	18	punct	_	_
18	counting	count	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	55	csubj:pass	_	_
19	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	24	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	סָפַר	סָפַר	PUNCT	``	_	21	punct	_	_
21	safar	safar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	nsubj	_	_
22	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	21	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	24	nsubj	_	_
24	counted	count	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	18	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	',	',	PART	POS	_	24	obl	_	_
26	מִסְפָּר	מִסְפָּר	PUNCT	``	_	27	punct	_	_
27	mispar	mispar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	compound	_	_
28	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	27	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	number	number	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	31	punct	_	_
31	count	count	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	29	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	31	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	24	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	35	punct	_	_
35	writing	writing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	_
36	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	40	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
37	סֵפֶר	סֵפֶר	PUNCT	``	_	38	punct	_	_
38	sefer	sefer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	40	compound	_	_
39	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	38	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
40	book	book	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	35	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
41	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	42	punct	_	_
42	scroll	scroll	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	40	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
43	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	42	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
44	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	40	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
45	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	47	punct	_	_
46	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	47	cc	_	_
47	speaking	speak	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	18	conj	_	_
48	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	50	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
49	סִפֵּר	סִפֵּר	PUNCT	``	_	50	punct	_	_
50	sipper	sipper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	47	obj	_	_
51	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	50	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
52	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	53	nsubj	_	_
53	told	tell	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	47	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
54	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	55	punct	_	_
55	accounted	account	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
56	',	',	PART	POS	_	55	dep	_	_
57	סִפּוּר	סִפּוּר	PUNCT	``	_	58	punct	_	_
58	sippur	sippur	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	55	obl	_	_
59	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	58	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
60	telling	tell	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	58	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
61	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	62	punct	_	_
62	account	account	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	60	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
63	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	62	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
64	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	60	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
65	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | one |  |  |  |  | capable *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **describe** | gerund | one *not said here* | all three |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent three=Theme |
| 3 | **count** | gerund |  | writing |  |  |  |  | vn matter-91 «NP V»: agent=Stimulus |
| 4 | **count** | past | safar | mispar number |  |  |  |  | vn matter-91 «NP V»: agent=Stimulus |
| 5 | **count** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn matter-91 «NP V»: agent=Stimulus |
| 6 | **speak** *speech: other* | gerund |  | sipper |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 7 | **tell** *speech: assert* | past | safar |  |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 8 | **account** | participle | counting | sippur |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 9 | **tell** *speech: assert* | gerund | sippur *not said here* | account |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent account=Recipient |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Sefer Yetzirah, Sefaria community translation)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:safar:x3:2
# text = (Sefer Yetzirah, Sefaria community translation)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Sefer	Sefer	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	Yetzirah	Yetzirah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
5	Sefaria	Sefaria	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
6	community	community	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	translation	translation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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