---
title: sapling — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «sapling» in the Judaism dictionary: A young tree with a thin trunk. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# sapling

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** he, we, beauty, wind, Deer, sapling · **What happens:** shoot up, have, look, delight, plant, tie · **To what, where:** form, beauty, oak sapling, school garden, sapling, bark · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«sapling» in the Judaism dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [sapling in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/sapling.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A young tree with a thin trunk.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:sapling:m1:1
# text = A young tree with a thin trunk.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	young	young	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	thin	thin	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	trunk	trunk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: literary — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A young person, especially a slim young man.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:sapling:m2:1
# text = A young person, especially a slim young man.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	young	young	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
5	especially	especially	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
7	slim	slim	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
8	young	young	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
For he shot up right forth as a sapling, and as a root out of a dry ground; he had no form nor comeliness, that we should look upon him, nor beauty that we should delight in him. (Prophets ISA.53.2, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* For he shot up right forth as a sapling, and as a root out of a dry ground; he had no form nor comeliness, that we should look upon him, nor beauty that we should delight in him.

<!-- fold The tree, 38 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:sapling:x1:1
# text = For he shot up right forth as a sapling, and as a root out of a dry ground; he had no form nor comeliness, that we should look upon him, nor beauty that we should delight in him.
1	For	for	SCONJ	IN	_	3	mark	_	_
2	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	shot	shoot	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	up	up	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	_
5	right	right	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	forth	forth	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
7	as	as	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	sapling	sapling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
12	as	as	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	root	root	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
15	out	out	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
18	dry	dry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	ground	ground	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	22	punct	_	_
21	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	22	nsubj	_	_
22	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
23	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	24	det	_	_
24	form	form	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obj	_	_
25	nor	nor	CCONJ	CC	Polarity=Neg	26	cc	_	_
26	comeliness	comeliness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	31	punct	_	_
28	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	31	mark	_	_
29	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	31	nsubj	_	_
30	should	should	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	31	aux	_	_
31	look	look	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	22	conj	_	_
32	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
33	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	31	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	36	punct	_	_
35	nor	nor	CCONJ	CC	Polarity=Neg	36	cc	_	_
36	beauty	beauty	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	obl	_	_
37	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	40	nsubj	_	_
38	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	40	nsubj	_	_
39	should	should	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	40	aux	_	_
40	delight	delight	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	36	acl:relcl	_	_
41	in	in	ADP	IN	_	42	case	_	_
42	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	40	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
43	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **shoot up** | past | he |  |  |  |  | as a sapling; forth *property* | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **have** | past | he | no form nor comeliness |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent form=Patient |
| 3 | **look** | should | we | beauty |  |  |  | upon him *= he* | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent upon he=Theme |
| 4 | **delight** | should | beauty |  |  |  |  | in him *= he* | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Prophets ISA.53.2, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:sapling:x1:2
# text = (Prophets ISA.53.2, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Prophets	prophet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	ISA.53.2	ISA.53.2	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We planted an oak sapling in the school garden.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:sapling:x2:1
# text = We planted an oak sapling in the school garden.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	planted	plant	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	oak	oak	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	sapling	sapling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	garden	garden	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **plant** | past | We | a oak sapling |  | the school garden |  |  | vn put-9.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent sapling=Theme in garden=Destination |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The sapling was tied to a stick so the wind would not bend it.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:sapling:x3:1
# text = The sapling was tied to a stick so the wind would not bend it.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	sapling	sapling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	tied	tie	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	stick	stick	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	so	so	SCONJ	IN	_	13	mark	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	wind	wind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
11	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	13	aux	_	_
12	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	13	advmod	_	_
13	bend	bend	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	advcl	_	_
14	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tie** | past · passive |  | the sapling |  |  |  | to a stick | vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: subject=Patient to stick=Co-Patient |
| 2 | **not** **bend** | would | the wind | sapling |  |  |  |  | vn knead-26.5 «NP V NP.material»: agent=Agent it=Material |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Deer eat the bark of young saplings.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:sapling:x4:1
# text = Deer eat the bark of young saplings.
1	Deer	deer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	eat	eat	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	bark	bark	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	young	young	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	saplings	sapling	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **eat** | present | Deer | the bark of young saplings |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bark=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In ten years the sapling will be a big tree.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:sapling:x5:1
# text = In ten years the sapling will be a big tree.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	ten	ten	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	3	nummod	_	_
3	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obl	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	sapling	sapling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
6	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
7	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	cop	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | future | the sapling | a big tree |  |  | year |  | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The storm snapped the little sapling.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:sapling:x6:1
# text = The storm snapped the little sapling.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	storm	storm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	snapped	snap	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	sapling	sapling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **snap** | past | the storm | the little sapling |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location sapling=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Each class planted a sapling for Arbor Day.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:sapling:x7:1
# text = Each class planted a sapling for Arbor Day.
1	Each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	2	det	_	_
2	class	class	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	planted	plant	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	sapling	sapling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	Arbor	Arbor	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	Day	Day	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **plant** | past | each class | a sapling |  |  | for Arbor Day |  | vn establish-55.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sapling=Patient |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
‘When first I came hither,’ said he, ‘the plain was bare save for one oak sapling, which grew up to be an oak with a hundred branches.

<!-- fold The tree, 27 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:sapling:x8:1
# text = ‘When first I came hither,’ said he, ‘the plain was bare save for one oak sapling, which grew up to be an oak with a hundred branches.
1	‘	'	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	When	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	3	advmod	_	_
3	first	first	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	5	advmod	_	_
4	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
5	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	advcl	_	_
6	hither	hither	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	’	'	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
9	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
12	‘	'	PUNCT	``	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	plain	plain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nsubj	_	_
15	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	17	cop	_	_
16	bare	bare	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	save	save	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	ccomp	_	_
18	for	for	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
19	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	21	nummod	_	_
20	oak	oak	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	compound	_	_
21	sapling	sapling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
23	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	24	nsubj	_	_
24	grew	grow	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	21	acl:relcl	_	_
25	up	up	ADP	RP	_	24	compound:prt	_	_
26	to	to	PART	TO	_	29	mark	_	_
27	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	29	cop	_	_
28	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
29	oak	oak	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	advcl	_	_
30	with	with	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
31	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
32	hundred	hundred	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	33	nummod	_	_
33	branches	branch	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	29	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | past | I |  |  |  |  | first, hither *property* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | he |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **is a** | past | the plain | bare save |  |  |  | for one oak sapling | tree rules |
| 4 | **grow up** | past | one oak sapling |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 5 | **is a** | to-infinitive | one oak sapling *not said here* | a oak |  |  |  | with hundred branches | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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