---
title: saw — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «saw» in the Judaism dictionary: Saw is the past form of see: «I saw a bird.». Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# saw

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Saw, I, Abimelech, Thou, ram, horns · **What happens:** be, see, cut, call, say, do · **To what, where:** past form, bird, tool, wood, old saying, thou · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«saw» in the Judaism dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 14 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [saw in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/saw.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Saw is the past form of see: «I saw a bird.».

<!-- fold The tree, 11 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:saw:m1:1
# text = Saw is the past form of see: «I saw a bird.».
1	Saw	saw	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	past	past	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	form	form	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	see	see	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
9	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
11	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	bird	bird	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Saw | the past form |  |  |  | of see | tree rules |
| 2 | **see** *in a quote* | past | I | a bird |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer bird=Stimulus |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A saw is a tool with a sharp toothed blade for cutting wood or metal.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:saw:m2:1
# text = A saw is a tool with a sharp toothed blade for cutting wood or metal.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	saw	saw	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	tool	tool	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
8	sharp	sharp	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
9	toothed	toothed	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	blade	blade	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
11	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
12	cutting	cut	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	10	advcl	_	_
13	wood	wood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	_
14	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	metal	metal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a saw | a tool |  |  |  | with a sharp toothed blade | tree rules |
| 2 | **cut** | gerund | a saw *not said here* | wood or metal |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset wood=Product |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To saw is to cut with a saw.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:saw:m3:1
# text = To saw is to cut with a saw.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	saw	saw	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	advcl	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	cut	cut	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	saw	saw	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | with a saw; cut *property* | tree rules |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An old saying is sometimes called a saw.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:saw:m4:1
# text = An old saying is sometimes called a saw.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	saying	saying	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux:pass	_	_
5	sometimes	sometimes	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	6	advmod	_	_
6	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	saw	saw	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **call** | present · passive |  | a old saying |  |  |  | sometimes *property* | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And Abimelech said unto Abraham: 'What sawest thou, that thou hast done this thing?' (Torah GEN.20.10, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* And Abimelech said unto Abraham: 'What sawest thou, that thou hast done this thing?'

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:saw:x1:1
# text = And Abimelech said unto Abraham: 'What sawest thou, that thou hast done this thing?'
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	Abimelech	Abimelech	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	Abraham	Abraham	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	_
7	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	9	nsubj	_	_
9	sawest	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
10	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
12	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	15	nsubj:pass	_	_
13	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	15	nsubj	_	_
14	hast	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	aux	_	_
15	done	do	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	advcl	_	_
16	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	17	det	_	_
17	thing	thing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Abimelech |  |  |  |  | unto Abraham | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **see** | past |  | thou |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer thou=Stimulus |
| 3 | **do** | present · perfect · passive |  | that |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Torah GEN.20.10, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:saw:x1:2
# text = (Torah GEN.20.10, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	GEN.20.10	GEN.20.10	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Thou, O king, sawest, and behold a great image. (Writings DAN.2.31, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Thou, O king, sawest, and behold a great image.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:saw:x2:1
# text = Thou, O king, sawest, and behold a great image.
1	Thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	6	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
3	O	of	ADP	IN	Abbr=Yes	4	case	_	_
4	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
6	sawest	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
9	behold	behold	INTJ	UH	_	12	discourse	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	image	image	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | past | Thou | a great image |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings DAN.2.31, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:saw:x2:2
# text = (Writings DAN.2.31, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	DAN.2.31	DAN.2.31	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
When thou sawest a thief, thou hadst company with him, and with adulterers was thy portion. (Writings PSA.50.18, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* When thou sawest a thief, thou hadst company with him, and with adulterers was thy portion.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:saw:x3:1
# text = When thou sawest a thief, thou hadst company with him, and with adulterers was thy portion.
1	When	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	3	advmod	_	_
2	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	3	nsubj	_	_
3	sawest	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	advcl	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	thief	thief	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
7	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	8	nsubj	_	_
8	hadst	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	company	company	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
10	with	with	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
14	with	with	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	adulterers	adulterer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	obl	_	_
16	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	18	cop	_	_
17	thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	18	nmod:poss	_	_
18	portion	portion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | past | thou | a thief |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer thief=Stimulus |
| 2 | **have** | past | thou | company |  |  |  | with him *= he* | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent company=Patient |
| 3 | **is a** | past | thou *not said here* | thy portion |  |  |  | with adulterers | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings PSA.50.18, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:saw:x3:2
# text = (Writings PSA.50.18, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	PSA.50.18	PSA.50.18	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The ram which thou sawest having the two horns, they are the kings of Media and Persia. (Writings DAN.8.20, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* The ram which thou sawest having the two horns, they are the kings of Media and Persia.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:saw:x4:1
# text = The ram which thou sawest having the two horns, they are the kings of Media and Persia.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	ram	ram	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	5	nsubj	_	_
4	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	5	nsubj	_	_
5	sawest	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	having	have	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	csubj	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	9	nummod	_	_
9	horns	horn	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
11	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
12	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	cop	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	kings	king	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	Media	Media	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	Persia	Persia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | past | the ram |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **have** | gerund |  | the two horns |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent horn=Patient |
| 3 | **is a** | present | horns *= horn* | the kings |  |  |  | of Media and Persia | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings DAN.8.20, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:saw:x4:2
# text = (Writings DAN.8.20, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	DAN.8.20	DAN.8.20	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She saw 12 birds in the park.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:saw:x5:1
# text = She saw 12 birds in the park.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	12	12	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	birds	bird	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	park	park	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | past | She | 12 birds |  | the park |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer bird=Stimulus |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He saw 5 cars and 3 buses.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:saw:x6:1
# text = He saw 5 cars and 3 buses.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	5	5	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	cars	car	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
6	3	3	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
7	buses	bus	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | past | He | 5 cars and 3 buses |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer car=Stimulus |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He used a saw to cut the board into 4 pieces.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:saw:x7:1
# text = He used a saw to cut the board into 4 pieces.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	used	use	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	saw	saw	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	cut	cut	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	board	board	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	into	into	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	4	4	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	11	nummod	_	_
11	pieces	piece	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | past | He | a saw |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent saw=Patient |
| 2 | **cut** | to-infinitive | He *not said here* | the board |  | 4 pieces |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP.material PP.product»: agent=Agent board=Material into piece=Product |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
How many animals did they see in all?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:saw:x8:1
# text = How many animals did they see in all?
1	How	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	2	advmod	_	_
2	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
4	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
5	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | past · do-support | many animals |  |  | all |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I saw a rainbow after the rain.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:saw:x9:1
# text = I saw a rainbow after the rain.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	rainbow	rainbow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	after	after	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	rain	rain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | past | I | a rainbow |  |  | after the rain |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer rainbow=Stimulus |

## Example 10 {#x10}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Dad sawed the branch off the tree.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:saw:x10:1
# text = Dad sawed the branch off the tree.
1	Dad	dad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	sawed	saw	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	branch	branch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	off	off	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **saw** | past | Dad | the branch |  |  |  | off the tree | vn split-23.2 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: agent=Agent branch=Patient off tree=Co-Patient |

## Example 11 {#x11}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Wear goggles when you use a saw.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:saw:x11:1
# text = Wear goggles when you use a saw.
1	Wear	wear	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	goggles	goggle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
3	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	5	mark	_	_
4	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
5	use	use	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	advcl	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	saw	saw	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wear** | imperative | you *not said here* | goggles |  |  |  |  | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent goggle=Source |
| 2 | **use** | present | you | a saw |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent saw=Patient |

## Example 12 {#x12}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We saw a film at the cinema last night.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:saw:x12:1
# text = We saw a film at the cinema last night.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	film	film	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	at	at	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	cinema	cinema	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
8	last	last	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | past | We | a film |  | the cinema | night |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer film=Stimulus |

## Example 13 {#x13}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The children played on the seesaw.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:saw:x13:1
# text = The children played on the seesaw.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	played	play	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	seesaw	seesaw	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **play** | past | the children |  |  | the seesaw |  |  | vn performance-26.7-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 14 {#x14}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Then there was a great deal of hewing and sawing, and at last the three-decker was built.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:saw:x14:1
# text = Then there was a great deal of hewing and sawing, and at last the three-decker was built.
1	Then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	3	advmod	_	_
2	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	3	expl	_	_
3	was	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	deal	deal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	hewing	hewing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	sawing	sawing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
13	at	at	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	last	last	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	nsubj:pass	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
16	three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	18	nummod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	decker	decker	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nsubj	_	_
19	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	20	aux:pass	_	_
20	built	build	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** | past | a great deal of hewing and sawing |  |  | there | then |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **build** | past · passive |  | last |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product |
| 3 | **deal** |  |  | hewing and sawing |  |  |  |  | nom deal «act transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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