---
title: say — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «say» in the Judaism dictionary: To say is to speak words: «Say hello.». Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# say

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** sign, you, 's, say, Everyone, Your · **What happens:** say, be, stop, mean, let, imagine · **To what, where:** example, 's, number, 7, chance, opinion · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«say» in the Judaism dictionary: its 8 meanings for a pupil and its 19 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [say in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/say.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To say is to speak words: «Say hello.».

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:say:m1:1
# text = To say is to speak words: «Say hello.».
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	say	say	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	speak	speak	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	ccomp	_	_
6	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	_
8	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	Say	say	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
10	hello	hello	INTJ	UH	_	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V how S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | speak *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **say** *speech: assert* *in a quote* | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent hello=Topic |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To say is to tell a fact or opinion: «The sign says stop».

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:say:m2:1
# text = To say is to tell a fact or opinion: «The sign says stop».
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	say	say	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	csubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	tell	tell	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	fact	fact	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	opinion	opinion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	14	punct	_	_
11	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	sign	sign	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nsubj	_	_
14	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	parataxis	_	_
15	stop	stop	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **be** *speech: assert* | present |  |  |  |  |  | tell *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **say** *speech: assert* *in a quote* | present | the sign |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 4 | **stop** *in a quote* | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Say can mean «for example» or «let's imagine»: «Take a number, say 7».

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:say:m3:1
# text = Say can mean «for example» or «let's imagine»: «Take a number, say 7».
1	Say	say	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	mean	mean	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	1	conj	_	_
4	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	example	example	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	6	punct	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
9	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	let	let	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	's	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	10	obj	_	_
12	imagine	imagine	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	16	punct	_	_
15	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	Take	take	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	ccomp	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	number	number	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
20	say	say	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	16	conj	_	_
21	7	7	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	20	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **mean** | can | you *not said here* | example |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent example=Topic |
| 3 | **let** *in a quote* | infinitive | you *not said here* | 's |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **imagine** *in a quote* | infinitive | 's *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn wish-62 «NP V for NP S\_INF»: agent=Pivot |
| 5 | **take** *in a quote* | infinitive |  | a number |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent number=Theme |
| 6 | **say** *speech: assert* *in a quote* | infinitive |  | 7 |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent 7=Topic |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Your say is your chance to give your opinion: «Everyone gets a say».

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:say:m4:1
# text = Your say is your chance to give your opinion: «Everyone gets a say».
1	Your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	say	say	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	chance	chance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	give	give	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	acl	_	_
8	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	opinion	opinion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	13	punct	_	_
11	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	Everyone	everyone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Tot	13	nsubj	_	_
13	gets	get	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	parataxis	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	say	say	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Your say | your chance |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **give** | to-infinitive |  | your opinion |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent opinion=Theme |
| 3 | **get** *in a quote* | present | Everyone | a say |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer say=Stimulus |
| 4 | **say** |  | Your |  |  |  |  |  | nom say «state intransitive»: poss=agent |
| 5 | **opine** |  | your |  |  |  |  |  | nom opinion «cognition transitive»: poss=agent |

## Meaning 5 {#m5}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: casual — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«I say», «say what?» and «you don't say» show surprise; «you don't say» is often sarcastic.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:say:m5:1
# text = «I say», «say what?» and «you don't say» show surprise; «you don't say» is often sarcastic.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	say	say	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
6	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	say	say	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
8	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	8	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
12	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
14	do	do	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	16	advmod	_	_
16	say	say	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	16	punct	_	_
18	show	show	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	compound	_	_
19	surprise	surprise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	25	punct	_	_
21	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	25	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	25	nsubj	_	_
23	do	do	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	25	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	25	advmod	_	_
25	say	say	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	29	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	25	punct	_	_
27	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	29	cop	_	_
28	often	often	ADV	RB	_	29	advmod	_	_
29	sarcastic	sarcastic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* *in a quote* | present | I |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* *in a quote* | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent what=Topic |
| 3 | **not** **say** *speech: assert* *in a quote* | present · do-support | you | show surprise |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent surprise=Topic |
| 4 | **not** **say** *speech: assert* *in a quote* | present · do-support | you |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | often, sarcastic *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I knew that already.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:say:m5e:1
# text = I knew that already.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	knew	know	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	2	obj	_	_
4	already	already	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **know** | past | I | that |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer that=Stimulus |

## Meaning 6 {#m6}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: casual — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Says who?» challenges someone: who decided that?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:say:m6:1
# text = «Says who?» challenges someone: who decided that?
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Says	say	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	_
3	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	6	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
6	challenges	challenge	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	10	punct	_	_
9	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	10	nsubj	_	_
10	decided	decide	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	parataxis	_	_
11	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **challenge** | present |  | Says |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **decide** | past |  | that |  |  |  |  | vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent that=Topic |

## Meaning 7 {#m7}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: rough — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Say that again and you're dead» is a threat in a row; it is usually anger, not a real plan.

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:say:m7:1
# text = «Say that again and you're dead» is a threat in a row; it is usually anger, not a real plan.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Say	say	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	2	obj	_	_
4	again	again	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
6	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	're	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
8	dead	dead	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	8	punct	_	_
10	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	threat	threat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	advcl	_	_
13	in	in	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	row	row	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	20	punct	_	_
17	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	20	nsubj	_	_
18	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	20	cop	_	_
19	usually	usually	ADV	RB	_	20	advmod	_	_
20	anger	anger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
22	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	25	advmod	_	_
23	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
24	real	real	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	25	amod	_	_
25	plan	plan	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* *in a quote* | imperative | you *not said here* | that |  |  | again |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** *in a quote* | present | you |  |  |  |  | dead *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **is a** | present | you *not said here* | a dead threat |  | a row |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **is a** | present | row | anger and a real plan |  |  |  | usually *property* | tree rules |

## Meaning 8 {#m8}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«State», «assert», «declare», «indicate» and «it is stated that» are stiff words for say.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:say:m8:1
# text = «State», «assert», «declare», «indicate» and «it is stated that» are stiff words for say.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	State	state	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	assert	assert	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	declare	declare	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
13	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	indicate	indicate	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	14	punct	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
17	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	20	nsubj:pass	_	_
19	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	20	aux:pass	_	_
20	stated	state	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	25	amod	_	_
21	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	20	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	20	punct	_	_
23	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	25	cop	_	_
24	stiff	stiff	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	25	amod	_	_
25	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obj	_	_
26	for	for	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
27	say	say	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **assert** *in a quote* | imperative | you *not said here* | State |  |  |  |  | vn conjecture-29.5 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **declare** *speech: other* *in a quote* | infinitive | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn declare-29.4-1-1-1 «NP V what S\_INF»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **indicate** *in a quote* | infinitive | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn indicate-78-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Pivot |
| 4 | **state** *speech: other* *in a quote* | present · passive |  | State |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **is a** | present |  | stated stiff words |  |  |  | for say | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And all the people shall say: Amen. (Torah DEU.27.16, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* And all the people shall say: Amen.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:say:x1:1
# text = And all the people shall say: Amen.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
2	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	4	det:predet	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
5	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
6	say	say	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	_
8	Amen	Amen	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | shall | all people | Amen |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent amen=Topic |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Torah DEU.27.16, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:say:x1:2
# text = (Torah DEU.27.16, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	DEU.27.16	DEU.27.16	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And all the people shall say: Amen.' (Torah DEU.27.26, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* And all the people shall say: Amen.'

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:say:x2:1
# text = And all the people shall say: Amen.'
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
2	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	4	det:predet	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
5	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
6	say	say	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	_
8	Amen	Amen	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | shall | all people | Amen |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent amen=Topic |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Torah DEU.27.26, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:say:x2:2
# text = (Torah DEU.27.26, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	DEU.27.26	DEU.27.26	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Go say to them: Return ye to your tents. (Torah DEU.5.30, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Go say to them: Return ye to your tents.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:say:x3:1
# text = Go say to them: Return ye to your tents.
1	Go	go	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	say	say	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	xcomp	_	_
3	to	to	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	6	punct	_	_
6	Return	return	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	1	parataxis	_	_
7	ye	ye	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	6	obj	_	_
8	to	to	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	tents	tent	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7 «NP V S-Quote»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | infinitive | you *not said here* |  | them *= they* |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient S-Quote»: agent=Agent to they=Recipient |
| 3 | **return** | infinitive |  | ye |  | your tents |  |  | vn send-11.1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent ye=Theme to tent=Destination |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Torah DEU.5.30, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:say:x3:2
# text = (Torah DEU.5.30, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	DEU.5.30	DEU.5.30	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And thou sayest: 'What doth God know? (Writings JOB.22.13, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* And thou sayest: 'What doth God know?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:say:x4:1
# text = And thou sayest: 'What doth God know?
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	3	nsubj	_	_
3	sayest	say	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	7	punct	_	_
5	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	7	nsubj	_	_
7	doth	do	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
8	God	God	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
9	know	know	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | thou |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **do** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **know** | infinitive | God |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings JOB.22.13, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:say:x4:2
# text = (Writings JOB.22.13, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	JOB.22.13	JOB.22.13	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And they say: 'How doth God know? (Writings PSA.73.11, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* And they say: 'How doth God know?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:say:x5:1
# text = And they say: 'How doth God know?
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	say	say	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	7	punct	_	_
5	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	How	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	7	advmod	_	_
7	doth	do	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	ccomp	_	_
8	God	God	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
9	know	know	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | they |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **do** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **know** | infinitive | God |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings PSA.73.11, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:say:x5:2
# text = (Writings PSA.73.11, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	PSA.73.11	PSA.73.11	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
But ye say: 'Wherein shall we return?' (Prophets MAL.3.7, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* But ye say: 'Wherein shall we return?'

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:say:x6:1
# text = But ye say: 'Wherein shall we return?'
1	But	but	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	ye	ye	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	3	nsubj	_	_
3	say	say	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	_
5	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	Wherein	wherein	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	9	advmod	_	_
7	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
8	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	return	return	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | ye |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **return** | shall | we |  |  |  |  | wherein *property* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Prophets MAL.3.7, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:say:x6:2
# text = (Prophets MAL.3.7, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Prophets	prophet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	MAL.3.7	MAL.3.7	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mia says she has 20 stickers.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:say:x7:1
# text = Mia says she has 20 stickers.
1	Mia	Mia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	ccomp	_	_
5	20	20	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
6	stickers	sticker	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | Mia |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **have** | present | Mia | 20 stickers |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sticker=Patient |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Let's say each box holds 6 eggs.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:say:x8:1
# text = Let's say each box holds 6 eggs.
1	Let	let	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	1	obj	_	_
3	say	say	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	xcomp	_	_
4	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	5	det	_	_
5	box	box	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	holds	hold	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	ccomp	_	_
7	6	6	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	8	nummod	_	_
8	eggs	egg	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **let** | imperative | you *not said here* | 's |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | infinitive | 's *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **hold** | present | each box | 6 eggs |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent egg=Theme |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
What number does Tom say next?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:say:x9:1
# text = What number does Tom say next?
1	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	5	obj	_	_
2	number	number	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	does	do	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	Tom	Tom	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	say	say	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	next	next	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present · do-support | number |  |  |  |  | next *property* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent what=Topic |

## Example 10 {#x10}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Say how many are left.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:say:x10:1
# text = Say how many are left.
1	Say	say	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	3	advmod	_	_
3	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	nsubj	_	_
4	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	left	leave	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	1	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **leave** | present · passive |  | many |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |

## Example 11 {#x11}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Say please when you ask for something.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:say:x11:1
# text = Say please when you ask for something.
1	Say	say	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	please	please	INTJ	UH	_	1	discourse	_	_
3	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	5	advmod	_	_
4	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
5	ask	ask	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	advcl	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **ask** *speech: ask* | present | you |  |  |  |  | for something | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 12 {#x12}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
What does the clock say?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:say:x12:1
# text = What does the clock say?
1	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	5	obj	_	_
2	does	do	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	clock	clock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	say	say	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present · do-support | the clock |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent what=Topic |

## Example 13 {#x13}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The sign says «Keep off the grass».

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:say:x13:1
# text = The sign says «Keep off the grass».
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	sign	sign	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	Keep	keep	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	ccomp	_	_
6	off	off	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	grass	grass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | the sign |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **keep off** *in a quote* | infinitive |  | the grass |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent grass=Theme |

## Example 14 {#x14}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Everyone in the class gets a say.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:say:x14:1
# text = Everyone in the class gets a say.
1	Everyone	everyone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Tot	5	nsubj	_	_
2	in	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	class	class	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	_
5	gets	get	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	say	say	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **get** | present | Everyone | a say |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer say=Stimulus |

## Example 15 {#x15}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
my brother says the Sun goes round the Earth, right? (casual, wrong claim)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* my brother says the Sun goes round the Earth, right?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:say:x15:1
# text = my brother says the Sun goes round the Earth, right?
1	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	brother	brother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	Sun	Sun	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	goes	go	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	ccomp	_	_
7	round	round	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	Earth	Earth	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	right	right	INTJ	UH	_	3	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | my brother |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **go** | present | the Sun |  |  | the Earth |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme round earth=Initial\_Location |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (casual, wrong claim)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:say:x15:2
# text = (casual, wrong claim)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	casual	casual	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
4	wrong	wrong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	claim	claim	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 16 {#x16}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«It's 12.» «Says who? I counted 13.» (casual)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* «It's 12.»

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:say:x16:1
# text = «It's 12.»
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	12	12	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** *in a quote* | present | It | 12 |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* «Says who?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:say:x16:2
# text = «Says who?
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Says	say	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	2	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 3:* I counted 13.»

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:say:x16:3
# text = I counted 13.»
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	counted	count	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	13	13	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **count** | past | I | 13 |  |  |  |  | vn multiply-108 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 13=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 4:* (casual)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:say:x16:4
# text = (casual)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	casual	casual	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 17 {#x17}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Say that again and I'll thump you. (rough)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Say that again and I'll thump you.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:say:x17:1
# text = Say that again and I'll thump you.
1	Say	say	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	1	obj	_	_
3	again	again	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
5	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	'll	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
7	thump	thump	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	conj	_	_
8	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | imperative | you *not said here* | that |  |  | again |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent that=Topic |
| 2 | **thump** | future | I | you |  |  |  |  | vn hit-18.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent you=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (rough)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:say:x17:2
# text = (rough)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	rough	rough	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 18 {#x18}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is stated that a pupil possesses 20 stickers; determine the number remaining upon the disposal of 7. (formal exam)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* It is stated that a pupil possesses 20 stickers; determine the number remaining upon the disposal of 7.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:say:x18:1
# text = It is stated that a pupil possesses 20 stickers; determine the number remaining upon the disposal of 7.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	stated	state	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	pupil	pupil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	possesses	possess	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
8	20	20	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	9	nummod	_	_
9	stickers	sticker	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
11	determine	determine	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	conj	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	number	number	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	_
14	remaining	remain	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	13	acl	_	_
15	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	disposal	disposal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	_
18	of	of	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	7	7	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	17	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **state** *speech: other* | present · passive |  | It |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: subject=Topic |
| 2 | **possess** | present | a pupil | 20 stickers |  |  |  |  | vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot sticker=Theme |
| 3 | **determine** | infinitive |  | the number |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent number=Topic |
| 4 | **remain** | gerund | the number *not said here* |  |  | the disposal of 7 |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme upon disposal=Location |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (formal exam)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:say:x18:2
# text = (formal exam)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	formal	formal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	exam	exam	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 19 {#x19}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"With all my heart," says I.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:say:x19:1
# text = "With all my heart," says I.
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	With	with	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	5	det:predet	_	_
4	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	heart	heart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
8	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	I.	I.	X	FW	Foreign=Yes	8	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present |  | I. |  |  |  | with my heart | vn pronounce-29.3.1 «NP V NP PP.manner»: agent=Agent i.=Theme with heart=Manner |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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