---
title: scourge — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «scourge» in the Judaism dictionary: A scourge is a person, animal or thing that causes great trouble or suffering, a plague. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# scourge

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** scourge, thing, He, They, Thou, neither · **What happens:** be, cause, use, beat, whip, slay · **To what, where:** person, great trouble, whip, someone, calamity, children

<!-- .vabout -->
«scourge» in the Judaism dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [scourge in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/scourge.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A scourge is a person, animal or thing that causes great trouble or suffering, a plague.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:scourge:m1:1
# text = A scourge is a person, animal or thing that causes great trouble or suffering, a plague.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	scourge	scourge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	animal	animal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	thing	thing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
10	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	11	nsubj	_	_
11	causes	cause	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	acl:relcl	_	_
12	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	trouble	trouble	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	_
14	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	suffering	suffering	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	plague	plague	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a scourge | a person and animal or thing |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **cause** | present | thing | great trouble or suffering and a plague |  |  |  |  | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition trouble=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: old use — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A scourge is a whip used to beat someone.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:scourge:m2:1
# text = A scourge is a whip used to beat someone.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	scourge	scourge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	whip	whip	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	beat	beat	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	advcl	_	_
9	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a scourge | a whip |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **use** | participle |  | a whip *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **beat** | to-infinitive |  | someone |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location someone=Theme |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To scourge is (old use) to whip or beat someone as a punishment.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:scourge:m3:1
# text = To scourge is (old use) to whip or beat someone as a punishment.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	scourge	scourge	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	cop	_	_
4	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	use	use	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	6	punct	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	whip	whip	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	beat	beat	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	conj	_	_
12	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	11	obj	_	_
13	as	as	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	punishment	punishment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | scourge *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **whip** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn shake-22.3-1-1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **beat** | infinitive |  | someone |  |  |  | as a punishment | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location someone=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
If the scourge slay suddenly, He will mock at the calamity of the guiltless. (Writings JOB.9.23, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* If the scourge slay suddenly, He will mock at the calamity of the guiltless.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:scourge:x1:1
# text = If the scourge slay suddenly, He will mock at the calamity of the guiltless.
1	If	if	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	scourge	scourge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	slay	slay	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	advcl	_	_
5	suddenly	suddenly	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
7	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
8	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
9	mock	mock	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
10	at	at	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	calamity	calamity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	guiltless	guiltless	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **slay** *a condition, not said to happen* | infinitive | the scourge |  |  |  |  | suddenly *property* | vn murder-42.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **mock** | future | He |  |  | the calamity of the guiltless |  |  | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings JOB.9.23, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:scourge:x1:2
# text = (Writings JOB.9.23, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	JOB.9.23	JOB.9.23	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They are children of churls, yea, children of ignoble men; they were scourged out of the land. (Writings JOB.30.8, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* They are children of churls, yea, children of ignoble men; they were scourged out of the land.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:scourge:x2:1
# text = They are children of churls, yea, children of ignoble men; they were scourged out of the land.
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	churls	churl	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	yea	yea	INTJ	UH	_	9	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
9	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	conj	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	ignoble	ignoble	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	16	punct	_	_
14	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
15	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	16	aux:pass	_	_
16	scourged	scourge	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
17	out	out	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
18	of	of	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | They | children and children of ignoble men |  |  |  | of churls | tree rules |
| 2 | **scourge** | past · passive |  | men *= man* |  | the land |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings JOB.30.8, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:scourge:x2:2
# text = (Writings JOB.30.8, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	JOB.30.8	JOB.30.8	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Thou shalt be hid from the scourge of the tongue; neither shalt thou be afraid of destruction when it cometh. (Writings JOB.5.21, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Thou shalt be hid from the scourge of the tongue; neither shalt thou be afraid of destruction when it cometh.

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:scourge:x3:1
# text = Thou shalt be hid from the scourge of the tongue; neither shalt thou be afraid of destruction when it cometh.
1	Thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	4	nsubj	_	_
2	shalt	shall	AUX	MD	Style=Arch|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	cop	_	_
4	hid	hide	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	scourge	scourge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	tongue	tongue	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	16	punct	_	_
12	neither	neither	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	16	nsubj	_	_
13	shalt	shall	AUX	MD	Style=Arch|VerbForm=Fin	16	aux	_	_
14	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	16	nsubj	_	_
15	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	16	cop	_	_
16	afraid	afraid	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	advcl	_	_
17	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	destruction	destruction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	_
19	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	21	advmod	_	_
20	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	21	nsubj	_	_
21	cometh	come	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | shall | Thou |  |  | the scourge of the tongue |  | hide *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | shall | neither |  |  |  |  | of destruction; afraid *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **come** | present | destruction |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings JOB.5.21, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:scourge:x3:2
# text = (Writings JOB.5.21, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	JOB.5.21	JOB.5.21	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The dragon was the scourge of the land.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:scourge:x4:1
# text = The dragon was the scourge of the land.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	dragon	dragon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	scourge	scourge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | the dragon | the scourge |  |  |  | of the land | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Snakes can be the scourge of a village.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:scourge:x5:1
# text = Snakes can be the scourge of a village.
1	Snakes	snake	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
3	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	cop	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	scourge	scourge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	village	village	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | can | Snakes | the scourge |  |  |  | of a village | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The fire was the scourge of the old town.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:scourge:x6:1
# text = The fire was the scourge of the old town.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	scourge	scourge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	town	town	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | the fire | the scourge |  |  |  | of the old town | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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