---
title: servitude — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «servitude» in the Judaism dictionary: Servitude is the state of being forced to work for someone else and having no freedom, like a slave. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# servitude

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Servitude, state, letter, Judah, pursuers, people · **What happens:** be, force, work, have, call, present · **To what, where:** state, freedom, They, contrast, exile, nations · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«servitude» in the Judaism dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 5 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [servitude in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/servitude.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Servitude is the state of being forced to work for someone else and having no freedom, like a slave.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:servitude:m1:1
# text = Servitude is the state of being forced to work for someone else and having no freedom, like a slave.
1	Servitude	servitude	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	state	state	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
6	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	7	aux:pass	_	_
7	forced	force	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	work	work	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	xcomp	_	_
10	for	for	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	9	obl	_	_
12	else	else	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	having	have	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	11	conj	_	_
15	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	16	det	_	_
16	freedom	freedom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
18	like	like	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	slave	slave	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Servitude | the state |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **force** | gerund · passive |  | the state *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn urge-58.1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: clause=Topic |
| 3 | **work** | to-infinitive | the state *not said here* |  |  |  |  | for someone | vn employment-95.3 «NP V PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent for someone=Beneficiary |
| 4 | **have** | gerund | the state *not said here* | no freedom |  |  |  | like a slave | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent freedom=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They are called Double, because each letter presents a contrast or permutation; thus Life and Death; Peace and War (Evil); Wisdom and Folly; Riches and Poverty; Grace and Indignation; Fertility and Solitude (Desolation); Power and Servitude. (Sefer Yetzirah, Westcott 1893)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* They are called Double, because each letter presents a contrast or permutation; thus Life and Death; Peace and War (Evil); Wisdom and Folly; Riches and Poverty; Grace and Indignation; Fertility and Solitude (Desolation); Power and Servitude.

<!-- fold The tree, 36 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:servitude:x1:1
# text = They are called Double, because each letter presents a contrast or permutation; thus Life and Death; Peace and War (Evil); Wisdom and Folly; Riches and Poverty; Grace and Indignation; Fertility and Solitude (Desolation); Power and Servitude.
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	Double	Double	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
6	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
7	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	8	det	_	_
8	letter	letter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
9	presents	present	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	contrast	contrast	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
12	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	permutation	permutation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	16	punct	_	_
15	thus	thus	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	Life	Life	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	xcomp	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	Death	Death	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	20	punct	_	_
20	Peace	Peace	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	parataxis	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
22	War	War	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	conj	_	_
23	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	24	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	Evil	Evil	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	22	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	24	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
27	Wisdom	Wisdom	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	conj	_	_
28	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	29	cc	_	_
29	Folly	Folly	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	31	punct	_	_
31	Riches	rich	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	conj	_	_
32	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	33	cc	_	_
33	Poverty	Poverty	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	31	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	35	punct	_	_
35	Grace	Grace	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	parataxis	_	_
36	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	37	cc	_	_
37	Indignation	indignation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	35	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	39	punct	_	_
39	Fertility	fertility	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	xcomp	_	_
40	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	41	cc	_	_
41	Solitude	solitude	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	39	conj	_	_
42	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	43	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
43	Desolation	desolation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	41	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
44	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	43	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
45	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	46	punct	_	_
46	Power	Power	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
47	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	48	cc	_	_
48	Servitude	servitude	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	46	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
49	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **call** *speech: assert* | present · passive |  | They |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient |
| 2 | **present** | present | each letter | a contrast or permutation |  |  |  |  | vn fulfilling-13.4.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent contrast=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Sefer Yetzirah, Westcott 1893)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:servitude:x1:2
# text = (Sefer Yetzirah, Westcott 1893)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Sefer	Sefer	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	Yetzirah	Yetzirah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	Westcott	Westcott	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
6	1893	1893	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Judah is gone into exile because of affliction, and because of great servitude; she dwelleth among the nations, she findeth no rest; all her pursuers overtook her within the straits. (Writings LAM.1.3, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Judah is gone into exile because of affliction, and because of great servitude; she dwelleth among the nations, she findeth no rest; all her pursuers overtook her within the straits.

<!-- fold The tree, 30 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:servitude:x2:1
# text = Judah is gone into exile because of affliction, and because of great servitude; she dwelleth among the nations, she findeth no rest; all her pursuers overtook her within the straits.
1	Judah	Judah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	gone	go	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	into	into	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	exile	exile	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
6	because	because	ADP	IN	ExtPos=ADP	8	case	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	fixed	_	_
8	affliction	affliction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
11	because	because	ADP	IN	ExtPos=ADP	14	case	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	fixed	_	_
13	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	servitude	servitude	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
16	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	nsubj	_	_
17	dwelleth	dwell	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
18	among	among	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	nations	nation	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
22	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	23	nsubj	_	_
23	findeth	find	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	conj	_	_
24	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	25	det	_	_
25	rest	rest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	30	punct	_	_
27	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	29	det:predet	_	_
28	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	29	nmod:poss	_	_
29	pursuers	pursuer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	30	nsubj	_	_
30	overtook	overtake	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
31	her	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	30	obj	_	_
32	within	within	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
33	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	34	det	_	_
34	straits	strait	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	30	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Judah |  |  | exile |  | because affliction; go *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **dwell** | present | Judah |  |  | the nations |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme among nation=Location |
| 3 | **find** | present | Judah | no rest |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rest=Topic |
| 4 | **overtake** | past | Judah's pursuers | Judah |  |  |  | within the straits | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings LAM.1.3, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:servitude:x2:2
# text = (Writings LAM.1.3, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	LAM.1.3	LAM.1.3	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The people lived in servitude to the cruel king.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:servitude:x3:1
# text = The people lived in servitude to the cruel king.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	lived	live	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	servitude	servitude	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	cruel	cruel	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **live** | past | the people |  |  | servitude |  | to the cruel king | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in servitude=Location |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The heifer walked free, with no marks of servitude on her neck.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:servitude:x4:1
# text = The heifer walked free, with no marks of servitude on her neck.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	heifer	heifer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	walked	walk	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	free	free	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	8	det	_	_
8	marks	mark	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	servitude	servitude	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
11	on	on	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	neck	neck	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **walk** | past | the heifer |  |  | heifer's neck |  | with no marks of servitude; free *property* | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on neck=Trajectory |
| 2 | **mark** |  |  | servitude |  |  |  |  | nom mark «cognition transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Better servitude with safety than freedom with danger.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:servitude:x5:1
# text = Better servitude with safety than freedom with danger.
1	Better	good	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	2	amod	_	_
2	servitude	servitude	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	with	with	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	safety	safety	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	than	than	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	freedom	freedom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	danger	danger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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