---
title: sever — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «sever» in the Judaism dictionary: To cut right through something, separating it. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# sever

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Elon bezaanannim, sharp rock, storm, two countries, you, He · **What happens:** cut, separate, end, sever, pitch, be · **To what, where:** it, relationship, Heber, Kenites, tent, rope

<!-- .vabout -->
«sever» in the Judaism dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [sever in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/sever.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To cut right through something, separating it.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:sever:m1:1
# text = To cut right through something, separating it.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	cut	cut	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	right	right	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	through	through	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	separating	separate	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
8	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cut** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | through something; right *property* | vn cut-21.1-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent through something=Patient |
| 2 | **separate** | gerund |  | it |  |  |  |  | vn separate-23.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To end a relationship or connection completely: «sever ties».

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:sever:m2:1
# text = To end a relationship or connection completely: «sever ties».
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	end	end	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	relationship	relationship	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	connection	connection	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
7	completely	completely	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
9	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	sever	sever	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	ties	tie	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **end** | to-infinitive |  | a relationship or connection |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality relationship=Eventuality |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Now Heber the Kenite had severed himself from the Kenites, even from the children of Hobab the father-in-law of Moses, and had pitched his tent as far as Elon-bezaanannim, which is by Kedesh. (Prophets JDG.4.11, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Now Heber the Kenite had severed himself from the Kenites, even from the children of Hobab the father-in-law of Moses, and had pitched his tent as far as Elon-bezaanannim, which is by Kedesh.

<!-- fold The tree, 36 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:sever:x1:1
# text = Now Heber the Kenite had severed himself from the Kenites, even from the children of Hobab the father-in-law of Moses, and had pitched his tent as far as Elon-bezaanannim, which is by Kedesh.
1	Now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	6	advmod	_	_
2	Heber	Heber	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	Kenite	Kenite	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	flat	_	_
5	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
6	severed	sever	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
7	himself	himself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	6	obj	_	_
8	from	from	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	Kenites	Kenite	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
12	even	even	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
13	from	from	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	Hobab	Hobab	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
19	father	father	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	23	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	in	in	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	21	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	law	law	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	appos	_	_
24	of	of	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
25	Moses	Moses	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	23	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	29	punct	_	_
27	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	29	cc	_	_
28	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	29	aux	_	_
29	pitched	pitch	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	6	conj	_	_
30	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	31	nmod:poss	_	_
31	tent	tent	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	obj	_	_
32	as	as	ADV	RB	_	33	advmod	_	_
33	far	far	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	29	advmod	_	_
34	as	as	ADP	IN	_	37	case	_	_
35	Elon	Elon	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	37	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	35	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
37	bezaanannim	bezaanannim	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	33	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	42	punct	_	_
39	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	42	nsubj	_	_
40	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	42	cop	_	_
41	by	by	ADP	IN	_	42	case	_	_
42	Kedesh	Kedesh	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	37	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
43	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sever** | past · perfect · passive |  | Heber |  | the Kenites | now | from the children of Hobab | tree rules |
| 2 | **pitch** | past · perfect |  | father's tent |  |  |  | far *property* | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tent=Theme |
| 3 | **is** | present | Elon bezaanannim |  |  |  |  | by Kedesh | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Prophets JDG.4.11, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:sever:x1:2
# text = (Prophets JDG.4.11, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Prophets	prophet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	JDG.4.11	JDG.4.11	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The rope was severed by a sharp rock.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:sever:x2:1
# text = The rope was severed by a sharp rock.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	rope	rope	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	severed	sever	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	sharp	sharp	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	rock	rock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sever** | past · passive | a sharp rock | the rope |  |  |  |  | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The storm severed the power line.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:sever:x3:1
# text = The storm severed the power line.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	storm	storm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	severed	sever	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	power	power	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	line	line	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sever** | past | the storm | the power line |  |  |  |  | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent line=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The two countries severed ties.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:sever:x4:1
# text = The two countries severed ties.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	3	nummod	_	_
3	countries	country	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	severed	sever	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	ties	tie	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sever** | past | the two countries | ties |  |  |  |  | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tie=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Don't touch a severed cable.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:sever:x5:1
# text = Don't touch a severed cable.
1	Do	do	AUX	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	3	advmod	_	_
3	touch	touch	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	severed	sever	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	amod	_	_
6	cable	cable	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **touch** | imperative · do-support | you *not said here* | a severed cable |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme cable=Co-Theme |
| 2 | **sever** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn separate-23.1 «NP V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He severed his friendship with the bully.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:sever:x6:1
# text = He severed his friendship with the bully.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	severed	sever	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	friendship	friendship	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	bully	bully	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sever** | past | He | his friendship |  |  |  | with the bully | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent friendship=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The axe severed the branch.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:sever:x7:1
# text = The axe severed the branch.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	axe	axe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	severed	sever	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	branch	branch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sever** | past | the axe | the branch |  |  |  |  | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent branch=Theme |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Childe raised his shining sword, and severed the head of his faithful hound.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:sever:x8:1
# text = The Childe raised his shining sword, and severed the head of his faithful hound.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Childe	Childe	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	raised	raise	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
5	shining	shining	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	sword	sword	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	severed	sever	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
13	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	15	nmod:poss	_	_
14	faithful	faithful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	hound	hound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **raise** | past | the Childe | Childe's shining sword |  |  |  |  | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sword=Theme |
| 2 | **sever** | past | the Childe *not said here* | the head of Childe's faithful hound |  |  |  |  | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent head=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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