---
title: shadow — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «shadow» in the Judaism dictionary: A shadow is a dark shape made on a surface when something blocks the light. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# shadow

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** shadow, something, light, their, person, second Path · **What happens:** be, make, block, not reach, learn, job · **To what, where:** dark shape, surface, light, area, job, person · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«shadow» in the Judaism dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 14 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [shadow in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/shadow.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A shadow is a dark shape made on a surface when something blocks the light.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:shadow:m1:1
# text = A shadow is a dark shape made on a surface when something blocks the light.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	shadow	shadow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	dark	dark	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	shape	shape	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	acl	_	_
8	on	on	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	surface	surface	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
11	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	13	mark	_	_
12	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	13	nsubj	_	_
13	blocks	block	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	advcl	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a shadow | a dark shape |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **make** | participle |  | a dark shape *not said here* |  | a surface |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |
| 3 | **block** | present | something | the light |  |  |  |  | vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer light=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Shadow is an area of darkness where light does not reach.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:shadow:m2:1
# text = Shadow is an area of darkness where light does not reach.
1	Shadow	shadow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	area	area	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	darkness	darkness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
7	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	11	advmod	_	_
8	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
9	does	do	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	_
10	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	11	advmod	_	_
11	reach	reach	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Shadow | a area |  |  |  | of darkness | tree rules |
| 2 | **not** **reach** | present · do-support | light |  |  |  |  |  | vn body\_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To shadow someone is to follow them closely, often to learn their job.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:shadow:m3:1
# text = To shadow someone is to follow them closely, often to learn their job.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	shadow	shadow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
3	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	compound	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	follow	follow	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	obj	_	_
8	closely	closely	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	often	often	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
11	to	to	PART	TO	_	12	mark	_	_
12	learn	learn	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
13	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	14	nmod:poss	_	_
14	job	job	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | shadow *obl*; closely, follow *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **learn** | to-infinitive |  | their job |  |  |  | often *property* | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent job=Topic |
| 3 | **job** |  | their *= they* |  |  |  |  |  | nom job «act intransitive»: poss=agent |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A shadow can also be a person who follows someone everywhere, staying close to them.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:shadow:m4:1
# text = A shadow can also be a person who follows someone everywhere, staying close to them.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	shadow	shadow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
4	also	also	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
5	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	cop	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	9	nsubj	_	_
9	follows	follow	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	acl:relcl	_	_
10	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	9	obj	_	_
11	everywhere	everywhere	ADV	RB	PronType=Tot	9	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
13	staying	stay	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	9	advcl	_	_
14	close	close	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	13	advmod	_	_
15	to	to	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | can | a shadow | a person |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **follow** | present | a person | someone |  |  |  | everywhere *property* | vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent someone=Theme |
| 3 | **stay** | gerund | a person *not said here* |  | them *= they* |  |  | close *property* | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Twenty-second Path is the Faithful Intelligence, and is so called because by it spiritual virtues are increased, and all dwellers on earth are nearly under its shadow. (Sefer Yetzirah, Westcott 1887)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* The Twenty-second Path is the Faithful Intelligence, and is so called because by it spiritual virtues are increased, and all dwellers on earth are nearly under its shadow.

<!-- fold The tree, 29 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:shadow:x1:1
# text = The Twenty-second Path is the Faithful Intelligence, and is so called because by it spiritual virtues are increased, and all dwellers on earth are nearly under its shadow.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
2	Twenty	twenty	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	second	second	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	5	amod	_	_
5	Path	Path	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	Faithful	faithful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	Intelligence	intelligence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
12	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	aux:pass	_	_
13	so	so	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
14	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	parataxis	_	_
15	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	21	mark	_	_
16	by	by	ADP	IN	_	15	fixed	_	_
17	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	21	nsubj:pass	_	_
18	spiritual	spiritual	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	virtues	virtue	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	nsubj:pass	_	_
20	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	21	aux:pass	_	_
21	increased	increase	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	14	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	32	punct	_	_
23	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	32	cc	_	_
24	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	25	det	_	_
25	dwellers	dweller	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	32	nsubj	_	_
26	on	on	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
27	earth	earth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	nmod	_	_
28	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	32	cop	_	_
29	nearly	nearly	ADV	RB	_	32	advmod	_	_
30	under	under	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
31	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	32	nmod:poss	_	_
32	shadow	shadow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the second Path | the Faithful Intelligence and Path's shadow |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **call** | present · passive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V» |
| 3 | **increase** | present · passive |  | Path |  |  |  |  | vn caused\_calibratable\_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient |
| 4 | **is** | present | all dwellers on earth |  |  | Path's shadow |  | nearly *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Sefer Yetzirah, Westcott 1887)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:shadow:x1:2
# text = (Sefer Yetzirah, Westcott 1887)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Sefer	Sefer	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	Yetzirah	Yetzirah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	Westcott	Westcott	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
6	1887	1887	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Twenty-second Path is the Faithful Intelligence and is so called because by it spiritual virtues are increased, and all dwellers on earth are nearly under its shadow. (Sefer Yetzirah, Westcott 1893)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* The Twenty-second Path is the Faithful Intelligence and is so called because by it spiritual virtues are increased, and all dwellers on earth are nearly under its shadow.

<!-- fold The tree, 29 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:shadow:x2:1
# text = The Twenty-second Path is the Faithful Intelligence and is so called because by it spiritual virtues are increased, and all dwellers on earth are nearly under its shadow.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
2	Twenty	twenty	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	second	second	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	5	amod	_	_
5	Path	Path	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	Faithful	faithful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	Intelligence	intelligence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
11	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	aux:pass	_	_
12	so	so	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
13	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	conj	_	_
14	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	20	mark	_	_
15	by	by	ADP	IN	_	14	fixed	_	_
16	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	20	nsubj:pass	_	_
17	spiritual	spiritual	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	virtues	virtue	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	nsubj:pass	_	_
19	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	20	aux:pass	_	_
20	increased	increase	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	13	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	31	punct	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	31	cc	_	_
23	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	24	det	_	_
24	dwellers	dweller	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	31	nsubj	_	_
25	on	on	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
26	earth	earth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	nmod	_	_
27	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	31	cop	_	_
28	nearly	nearly	ADV	RB	_	31	advmod	_	_
29	under	under	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
30	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	31	nmod:poss	_	_
31	shadow	shadow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the second Path | the Faithful Intelligence and Path's shadow |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **call** | present · passive | the second Path *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V» |
| 3 | **increase** | present · passive |  | Path |  |  |  |  | vn caused\_calibratable\_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient |
| 4 | **is** | present | all dwellers on earth |  |  | Path's shadow |  | nearly *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Sefer Yetzirah, Westcott 1893)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:shadow:x2:2
# text = (Sefer Yetzirah, Westcott 1893)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Sefer	Sefer	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	Yetzirah	Yetzirah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	Westcott	Westcott	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
6	1893	1893	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Or hast thou seen the gates of the shadow of death? (Writings JOB.38.17, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Or hast thou seen the gates of the shadow of death?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:shadow:x3:1
# text = Or hast thou seen the gates of the shadow of death?
1	Or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
2	hast	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	4	nsubj	_	_
4	seen	see	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	gates	gate	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	shadow	shadow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	death	death	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | present · perfect | thou | the gates of the shadow of death |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer gate=Stimulus |
| 2 | **shadow** |  |  | death |  |  |  |  | nom shadow «state transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings JOB.38.17, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:shadow:x3:2
# text = (Writings JOB.38.17, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	JOB.38.17	JOB.38.17	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My days are like a lengthening shadow; and I am withered like grass. (Writings PSA.102.12, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* My days are like a lengthening shadow; and I am withered like grass.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:shadow:x4:1
# text = My days are like a lengthening shadow; and I am withered like grass.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	days	day	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
4	like	like	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	lengthening	lengthen	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	7	amod	_	_
7	shadow	shadow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
10	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
11	am	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux:pass	_	_
12	withered	wither	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	conj	_	_
13	like	like	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	grass	grass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lengthen** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **is** | present | My days |  |  |  |  | like a lengthening shadow | tree rules |
| 3 | **wither** | present · passive |  | I |  |  |  | like grass | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings PSA.102.12, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:shadow:x4:2
# text = (Writings PSA.102.12, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	PSA.102.12	PSA.102.12	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My face is reddened with weeping, and on my eyelids is the shadow of death; (Writings JOB.16.16, JPS 1917)

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:shadow:x5:1
# text = My face is reddened with weeping, and on my eyelids is the shadow of death; (Writings JOB.16.16, JPS 1917)
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	face	face	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	reddened	redden	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	weeping	weeping	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
9	on	on	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	eyelids	eyelid	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obl	_	_
12	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	cop	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	shadow	shadow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	parataxis	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	death	death	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	4	punct	_	_
18	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
20	JOB.16.16	JOB.16.16	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
22	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	flat	_	_
23	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	20	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	19	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **redden** | present · passive |  | My face |  |  |  | with weeping; Writings *obl* | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: subject=Patient with weeping=Instrument |
| 2 | **is a** | present |  | the shadow |  | my eyelids |  | of death | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My shadow follows me on a sunny day.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:shadow:x6:1
# text = My shadow follows me on a sunny day.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	shadow	shadow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	follows	follow	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	obj	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	sunny	sunny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | present | My shadow | me |  |  | day |  | vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent i=Theme |
| 2 | **shadow** |  | My |  |  |  |  |  | nom shadow «state transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
At noon our shadows are short.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:shadow:x7:1
# text = At noon our shadows are short.
1	At	at	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	noon	noon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
3	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	shadows	shadow	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
5	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
6	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | our shadows |  |  |  | noon | short *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **shadow** |  | our |  |  |  |  |  | nom shadow «state transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We made animal shadows with our hands.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:shadow:x8:1
# text = We made animal shadows with our hands.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	animal	animal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	shadows	shadow	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	hands	hand	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | We | animal shadows |  |  |  | with our hands | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent shadow=Product |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The cat sat in the shadow of the tree.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:shadow:x9:1
# text = The cat sat in the shadow of the tree.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cat	cat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	sat	sit	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	shadow	shadow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sit** | past | the cat |  |  | the shadow of the tree |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in shadow=Location |
| 2 | **shadow** |  |  | the tree |  |  |  |  | nom shadow «state transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 10 {#x10}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A shadow forms when light is blocked.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:shadow:x10:1
# text = A shadow forms when light is blocked.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	shadow	shadow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	forms	form	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	7	mark	_	_
5	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj:pass	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux:pass	_	_
7	blocked	block	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **form** | present | a shadow |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **block** | present · passive |  | light |  |  |  |  | vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |

## Example 11 {#x11}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Shadows are longer in the evening.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:shadow:x11:1
# text = Shadows are longer in the evening.
1	Shadows	shadow	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
3	longer	long	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	6	advmod	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	evening	evening	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Shadows |  |  |  | in the evening | long *property* | tree rules |

## Example 12 {#x12}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The new pupil shadowed a buddy on her first day.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:shadow:x12:1
# text = The new pupil shadowed a buddy on her first day.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	pupil	pupil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	shadowed	shadow	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	buddy	buddy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	on	on	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
9	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	10	amod	_	_
10	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **shadow** | past | the new pupil | a buddy |  |  | day |  | vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent buddy=Theme |

## Example 13 {#x13}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Without a shadow of a doubt, she is the fastest runner.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:shadow:x13:1
# text = Without a shadow of a doubt, she is the fastest runner.
1	Without	without	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	shadow	shadow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	doubt	doubt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
8	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
9	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	fastest	fast	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	12	amod	_	_
12	runner	runner	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | she | the fastest runner |  |  |  | without a shadow of a doubt | tree rules |
| 2 | **shadow** |  |  | a doubt |  |  |  |  | nom shadow «state transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 14 {#x14}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Will you go with me, as shadow?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:shadow:x14:1
# text = Will you go with me, as shadow?
1	Will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
2	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	go	go	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	with	with	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	as	as	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	shadow	shadow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | future | you |  |  |  |  | with me | vn help-72.1-2 «NP V PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent with i=Beneficiary |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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