---
title: shaft — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «shaft» in the Judaism dictionary: A shaft is a long, narrow hole that goes straight down or up, such as a mine shaft or a lift shaft. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# shaft

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** shaft, long narrow hole, light, rod, he, flowers · **What happens:** be, go, shine, turn, pass, harness · **To what, where:** long narrow hole, long thin straight part, narrow beam, gap, rod, machines · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«shaft» in the Judaism dictionary: its 5 meanings for a pupil and its 14 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [shaft in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/shaft.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A shaft is a long, narrow hole that goes straight down or up, such as a mine shaft or a lift shaft.

<!-- fold The tree, 22 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:shaft:m1:1
# text = A shaft is a long, narrow hole that goes straight down or up, such as a mine shaft or a lift shaft.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	shaft	shaft	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
5	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
7	narrow	narrow	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	hole	hole	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
9	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	10	nsubj	_	_
10	goes	go	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	acl:relcl	_	_
11	straight	straight	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
12	down	down	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
13	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	up	up	ADV	RB	_	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
16	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	20	case	_	_
17	as	as	ADP	IN	_	16	fixed	_	_
18	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
19	mine	mine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	compound	_	_
20	shaft	shaft	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	parataxis	_	_
21	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
22	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
23	lift	lift	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	compound	_	_
24	shaft	shaft	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a shaft | a long narrow hole |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **go** | present | a long narrow hole |  |  |  |  | down *property* | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A shaft is the long, thin straight part of a tool, arrow, spear or golf club.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:shaft:m2:1
# text = A shaft is the long, thin straight part of a tool, arrow, spear or golf club.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	shaft	shaft	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
5	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
7	thin	thin	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
8	straight	straight	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	tool	tool	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
14	arrow	arrow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
16	spear	spear	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	_
17	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
18	golf	golf	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	compound	_	_
19	club	club	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a shaft | the long thin straight part |  |  |  | of a tool and arrow and spear or golf club | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A shaft of light is a narrow beam of light shining through a gap.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:shaft:m3:1
# text = A shaft of light is a narrow beam of light shining through a gap.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	shaft	shaft	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	narrow	narrow	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	beam	beam	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
11	shining	shine	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	10	acl	_	_
12	through	through	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	gap	gap	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a shaft of light | a narrow beam |  |  |  | of light | tree rules |
| 2 | **shine** | gerund | light *not said here* |  |  | a gap |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme through gap=Location |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In machines, a shaft is a rod that turns and passes on movement, like the shaft in a car.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:shaft:m4:1
# text = In machines, a shaft is a rod that turns and passes on movement, like the shaft in a car.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	machines	machine	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	shaft	shaft	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	rod	rod	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
9	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	10	nsubj	_	_
10	turns	turn	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	acl:relcl	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	passes	pass	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	conj	_	_
13	on	on	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	movement	movement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
16	like	like	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	shaft	shaft	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	appos	_	_
19	in	in	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	car	car	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a shaft | a rod |  | machines |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **turn** | present | a rod |  |  |  |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **pass** | present | a rod *not said here* |  |  | movement |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme on movement=Location |

## Meaning 5 {#m5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A shaft can also be one of the two long poles on a cart, between which a horse is harnessed.

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:shaft:m5:1
# text = A shaft can also be one of the two long poles on a cart, between which a horse is harnessed.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	shaft	shaft	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
4	also	also	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
5	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	cop	_	_
6	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	0	root	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
9	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	11	nummod	_	_
10	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	poles	pole	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	_
12	on	on	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	cart	cart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
16	between	between	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	21	obl	_	_
18	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	horse	horse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	nsubj:pass	_	_
20	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	21	aux:pass	_	_
21	harnessed	harness	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | can | a shaft | one |  |  |  | of the two long poles on a cart | tree rules |
| 2 | **harness** | present · passive |  | a horse |  |  |  | between the two long poles on a cart | vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP.destination»: subject=Destination |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And he made the candlestick of pure gold: of beaten work made he the candlestick, even its base, and its shaft; its cups, its knops, and its flowers, were of one piece with it. (Torah EXO.37.17, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* And he made the candlestick of pure gold: of beaten work made he the candlestick, even its base, and its shaft; its cups, its knops, and its flowers, were of one piece with it.

<!-- fold The tree, 34 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:shaft:x1:1
# text = And he made the candlestick of pure gold: of beaten work made he the candlestick, even its base, and its shaft; its cups, its knops, and its flowers, were of one piece with it.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	candlestick	candlestick	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	pure	pure	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	gold	gold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	13	punct	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	beaten	beat	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	12	amod	_	_
12	work	work	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
13	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
14	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	obj	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	candlestick	candlestick	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
18	even	even	ADV	RB	_	20	advmod	_	_
19	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	20	nmod:poss	_	_
20	base	base	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
23	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	24	nmod:poss	_	_
24	shaft	shaft	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	27	punct	_	_
26	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	27	nmod:poss	_	_
27	cups	cup	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
29	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	30	nmod:poss	_	_
30	knops	knop	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	27	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	39	punct	_	_
32	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	39	cc	_	_
33	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	34	nmod:poss	_	_
34	flowers	flower	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	39	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	34	punct	_	_
36	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	39	cop	_	_
37	of	of	ADP	IN	_	39	case	_	_
38	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	39	nummod	_	_
39	piece	piece	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
40	with	with	ADP	IN	_	41	case	_	_
41	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	39	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
42	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | he | the candlestick of pure gold |  |  |  | candlestick's cups and candlestick's knops *obl* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent candlestick=Product |
| 2 | **beat** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **make** | past | he *not said here* | the candlestick and candlestick's base | he |  |  | of beaten work; candlestick's shaft *obl* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP NP»: agent=Asset he=Beneficiary candlestick=Product |
| 4 | **is** | past | candlestick's flowers |  |  |  |  | of one piece; with candlestick | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Torah EXO.37.17, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:shaft:x1:2
# text = (Torah EXO.37.17, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	EXO.37.17	EXO.37.17	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And thou shalt make a candlestick of pure gold: of beaten work shall the candlestick be made, even its base, and its shaft; its cups, its knops, and its flowers, shall be of one piece with it. (Torah EXO.25.31, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* And thou shalt make a candlestick of pure gold: of beaten work shall the candlestick be made, even its base, and its shaft; its cups, its knops, and its flowers, shall be of one piece with it.

<!-- fold The tree, 37 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:shaft:x2:1
# text = And thou shalt make a candlestick of pure gold: of beaten work shall the candlestick be made, even its base, and its shaft; its cups, its knops, and its flowers, shall be of one piece with it.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
2	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	4	nsubj	_	_
3	shalt	shall	AUX	MD	Style=Arch|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	candlestick	candlestick	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	pure	pure	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	gold	gold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	18	punct	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	beaten	beat	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	13	amod	_	_
13	work	work	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	_
14	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	18	aux	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	candlestick	candlestick	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nsubj:pass	_	_
17	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	18	aux:pass	_	_
18	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
20	even	even	ADV	RB	_	22	advmod	_	_
21	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	22	nmod:poss	_	_
22	base	base	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
24	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
25	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	26	nmod:poss	_	_
26	shaft	shaft	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	29	punct	_	_
28	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	29	nmod:poss	_	_
29	cups	cup	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	32	punct	_	_
31	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	32	nmod:poss	_	_
32	knops	knop	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	29	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	36	punct	_	_
34	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	36	cc	_	_
35	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	36	nmod:poss	_	_
36	flowers	flower	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	29	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
37	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	42	punct	_	_
38	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	42	aux	_	_
39	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	42	cop	_	_
40	of	of	ADP	IN	_	42	case	_	_
41	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	42	nummod	_	_
42	piece	piece	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	conj	_	_
43	with	with	ADP	IN	_	44	case	_	_
44	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	42	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
45	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | shall | thou | a candlestick of pure gold |  |  |  | candlestick's cups and candlestick's knops and candlestick's flowers and one piece *obl* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset candlestick=Product |
| 2 | **beat** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **make** | shall · passive |  | the candlestick |  |  |  | of beaten work; candlestick's base *obl*; candlestick's shaft *obl* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product |
| 4 | **is** | shall | thou *not said here* |  |  |  |  | of one piece; with candlestick | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Torah EXO.25.31, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:shaft:x2:2
# text = (Torah EXO.25.31, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	EXO.25.31	EXO.25.31	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
There He broke the fiery shafts of the bow; the shield, and the sword, and the battle. (Writings PSA.76.4, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* There He broke the fiery shafts of the bow; the shield, and the sword, and the battle.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:shaft:x3:1
# text = There He broke the fiery shafts of the bow; the shield, and the sword, and the battle.
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	3	expl	_	_
2	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	broke	break	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	fiery	fiery	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	shafts	shaft	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	bow	bow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	shield	shield	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	sword	sword	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	battle	battle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **break** | past | He | the fiery shafts of the bow |  | there |  | the shield *obl*; the sword *obl* | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer shaft=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings PSA.76.4, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:shaft:x3:2
# text = (Writings PSA.76.4, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	PSA.76.4	PSA.76.4	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
If one lay at him with the sword, it will not hold; nor the spear, the dart, nor the pointed shaft. (Writings JOB.41.18, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* If one lay at him with the sword, it will not hold; nor the spear, the dart, nor the pointed shaft.

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:shaft:x4:1
# text = If one lay at him with the sword, it will not hold; nor the spear, the dart, nor the pointed shaft.
1	If	if	SCONJ	IN	_	3	mark	_	_
2	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	3	nsubj	_	_
3	lay	lay	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	advcl	_	_
4	at	at	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	obl	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	sword	sword	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
10	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
11	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	13	aux	_	_
12	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	13	advmod	_	_
13	hold	hold	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
15	nor	nor	CCONJ	CC	Polarity=Neg	17	cc	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	spear	spear	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	dart	dart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
22	nor	nor	CCONJ	CC	Polarity=Neg	25	cc	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
24	pointed	pointed	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	25	amod	_	_
25	shaft	shaft	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lay** *a condition, not said to happen* | present | one |  |  |  |  | at him *= he*; with the sword | vn put\_spatial-9.2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent at he=Destination |
| 2 | **not** **hold** | future | sword | the spear and the dart nor the pointed shaft |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent spear=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings JOB.41.18, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:shaft:x4:2
# text = (Writings JOB.41.18, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	JOB.41.18	JOB.41.18	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And the shaft of his spear was like a weaver's beam; and his spear's head weighed six hundred shekels of iron; and his shield-bearer went before him. (Prophets 1SA.17.7, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* And the shaft of his spear was like a weaver's beam; and his spear's head weighed six hundred shekels of iron; and his shield-bearer went before him.

<!-- fold The tree, 30 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:shaft:x5:1
# text = And the shaft of his spear was like a weaver's beam; and his spear's head weighed six hundred shekels of iron; and his shield-bearer went before him.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	shaft	shaft	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	spear	spear	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
7	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	19	cop	_	_
8	like	like	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	weaver	weaver	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	's	's	PART	POS	_	10	case	_	_
12	beam	beam	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	19	punct	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
15	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	16	nmod:poss	_	_
16	spear	spear	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	's	's	PART	POS	_	16	case	_	_
18	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nsubj	_	_
19	weighed	weigh	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
20	six	six	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	21	compound	_	_
21	hundred	hundred	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	22	nummod	_	_
22	shekels	shekel	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	obj	_	_
23	of	of	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
24	iron	iron	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	31	punct	_	_
26	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	31	cc	_	_
27	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	30	nmod:poss	_	_
28	shield	shield	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	28	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	bearer	bearer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	nsubj	_	_
31	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	19	conj	_	_
32	before	before	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
33	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	31	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	19	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | his spear's head |  |  |  |  | weigh *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **go** | past | his shield bearer |  |  |  | before him *= he* |  | vn occur-48.3-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme before he=Location |
| 3 | **beam** |  | a weaver |  |  |  |  |  | nom beam «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Prophets 1SA.17.7, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:shaft:x5:2
# text = (Prophets 1SA.17.7, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Prophets	prophet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	1SA.17.7	1SA.17.7	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod:unmarked	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The miners went down the shaft in a metal cage.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:shaft:x6:1
# text = The miners went down the shaft in a metal cage.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	miners	miner	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	down	down	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	shaft	shaft	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	metal	metal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	cage	cage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go down** | past | the miners | the shaft |  |  |  | in a metal cage | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.patient V PP.attribute NP.extent PP.source PP.goal»: agent=Patient shaft=Extent in cage=Attribute |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A shaft of sunlight came through the gap in the curtains.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:shaft:x7:1
# text = A shaft of sunlight came through the gap in the curtains.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	shaft	shaft	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	sunlight	sunlight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	through	through	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	gap	gap	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	curtains	curtain	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | past | a shaft of sunlight |  |  | the gap in the curtains |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme through gap=Initial\_Location |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The arrow had a wooden shaft and a sharp tip.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:shaft:x8:1
# text = The arrow had a wooden shaft and a sharp tip.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	arrow	arrow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	wooden	wooden	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	shaft	shaft	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	sharp	sharp	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	tip	tip	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | the arrow | a wooden shaft and a sharp tip |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent shaft=Patient |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The lift shaft runs from the basement to the top floor.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:shaft:x9:1
# text = The lift shaft runs from the basement to the top floor.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	lift	lift	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	shaft	shaft	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	runs	run	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	basement	basement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	to	to	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	top	top	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	floor	floor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **run** | present | the lift shaft |  |  | the basement |  | to the top floor *result* | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Theme to floor=Result |

## Example 10 {#x10}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Keep away from old mine shafts; they can be very deep.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:shaft:x10:1
# text = Keep away from old mine shafts; they can be very deep.
1	Keep	keep	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	away	away	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	_
3	from	from	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
5	mine	mine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	shafts	shaft	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
8	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
9	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	_
10	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	cop	_	_
11	very	very	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
12	deep	deep	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep away** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  | old mine shafts |  | away *property* | vn forbid-64.4 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Causer from shaft=Eventuality |
| 2 | **is** | can | shafts *= shaft* |  |  |  |  | deep *property* | tree rules |

## Example 11 {#x11}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The motor turns a shaft that spins the wheels.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:shaft:x11:1
# text = The motor turns a shaft that spins the wheels.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	motor	motor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	turns	turn	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	shaft	shaft	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
7	spins	spin	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	wheels	wheel	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **turn** | present | the motor | a shaft |  |  |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent shaft=Theme |
| 2 | **spin** | present | a shaft | the wheels |  |  |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent wheel=Theme |

## Example 12 {#x12}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The handle of the hammer is called its shaft.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:shaft:x12:1
# text = The handle of the hammer is called its shaft.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	handle	handle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	hammer	hammer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux:pass	_	_
7	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
8	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	shaft	shaft	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **call** | present · passive |  | the handle of the hammer |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient |

## Example 13 {#x13}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The golf club's shaft bent when he hit the tree.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:shaft:x13:1
# text = The golf club's shaft bent when he hit the tree.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	golf	golf	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	club	club	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	's	's	PART	POS	_	3	case	_	_
5	shaft	shaft	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	bent	bend	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	9	advmod	_	_
8	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	hit	hit	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	ccomp	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bend** | past | the golf club's shaft |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **hit** | past | he | the tree |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme tree=Co-Theme |

## Example 14 {#x14}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
So of course the townspeople, whenever they wanted a horse shod or a shaft mended, went to the mayor.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:shaft:x14:1
# text = So of course the townspeople, whenever they wanted a horse shod or a shaft mended, went to the mayor.
1	So	so	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	course	course	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	fixed	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	townspeople	townspeople	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	whenever	whenever	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	9	advmod	_	_
8	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	wanted	want	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	horse	horse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
12	shod	shoe	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	xcomp	_	_
13	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	shaft	shaft	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
16	mended	mend	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	15	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
18	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
19	to	to	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	mayor	mayor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	18	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **want** | past | townspeople | a horse |  |  |  | whenever *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **shoe** *not said to happen* | participle | a horse *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **mend** | participle |  | a shaft *not said here* |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **go** | past |  |  |  | the mayor |  | of the townspeople or a shaft | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location PP.destination»: agent=Theme of townspeople=Initial\_Location to mayor=Destination |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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