---
title: short — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «short» in the Judaism dictionary: Short means not long: a short pencil, a short story. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# short

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Short, Shorts, Tom, LORD, hand, thou · **What happens:** mean, last, not have, form, be, say · **To what, where:** short break, enough, shorter form, name, short trousers, thing · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«short» in the Judaism dictionary: its 6 meanings for a pupil and its 15 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [short in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/short.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Short means not long: a short pencil, a short story.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:short:m1:1
# text = Short means not long: a short pencil, a short story.
1	Short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
4	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	pencil	pencil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	story	story	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Short |  |  |  |  | long *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Short means not tall: a short person.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:short:m2:1
# text = Short means not tall: a short person.
1	Short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
4	tall	tall	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Short |  |  |  |  | tall *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Short means lasting a little time: a short break.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:short:m3:1
# text = Short means lasting a little time: a short break.
1	Short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	lasting	last	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	xcomp	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	10	punct	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	break	break	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Short |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **last** *not said to happen* | gerund | Short *not said here* | a short break |  |  | time |  | vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Short of something means not having enough of it: $4 short.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:short:m4:1
# text = Short of something means not having enough of it: $4 short.
1	Short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	advmod	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	1	obl	_	_
4	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	6	advmod	_	_
6	having	have	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	ccomp	_	_
7	enough	enough	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	obj	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
11	$	$	SYM	$	_	4	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	4	4	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	11	nummod	_	_
13	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **not** **have** | gerund |  | enough of it |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent enough=Patient |

## Meaning 5 {#m5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Short for» means a shorter form of a name.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:short:m5:1
# text = «Short for» means a shorter form of a name.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	nsubj	_	_
3	for	for	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
5	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	shorter	short	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	8	amod	_	_
8	form	form	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Short | a shorter form of a name |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent form=Topic |
| 2 | **form** |  |  | a name |  |  |  |  | nom form «communication transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Tom is short for Thomas.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:short:m5e:1
# text = Tom is short for Thomas.
1	Tom	Tom	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	Thomas	Thomas	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Tom |  |  |  |  | for Thomas; short *property* | tree rules |

## Meaning 6 {#m6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Shorts are short trousers.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:short:m6:1
# text = Shorts are short trousers.
1	Shorts	short	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	trousers	trousers	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Shorts | short trousers |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And the LORD said unto Moses: 'Is the LORD'S hand waxed short? now shalt thou see whether My word shall come to pass unto thee or not.' (Torah NUM.11.23, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* And the LORD said unto Moses: 'Is the LORD'S hand waxed short? now shalt thou see whether My word shall come to pass unto thee or not.'

<!-- fold The tree, 28 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:short:x1:1
# text = And the LORD said unto Moses: 'Is the LORD'S hand waxed short? now shalt thou see whether My word shall come to pass unto thee or not.'
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Moses	Moses	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	14	punct	_	_
8	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	Is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	cop	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	'S	's	PART	POS	_	11	case	_	_
13	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nsubj	_	_
14	waxed	wax	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	20	advcl	_	_
15	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	14	punct	_	_
17	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	20	advmod	_	_
18	shalt	shall	AUX	MD	Style=Arch|VerbForm=Fin	20	aux	_	_
19	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	20	nsubj	_	_
20	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	conj	_	_
21	whether	whether	SCONJ	IN	_	25	mark	_	_
22	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	23	nmod:poss	_	_
23	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	nsubj	_	_
24	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	25	aux	_	_
25	come	come	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	20	ccomp	_	_
26	to	to	PART	TO	_	27	mark	_	_
27	pass	pass	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	25	xcomp	_	_
28	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
29	thee	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	27	obl	_	_
30	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	31	cc	_	_
31	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	27	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	20	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the LORD |  |  |  |  | unto Moses | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | present | the LORD's hand |  |  |  |  | short, wax *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **see** | shall | thou |  |  |  | now |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V how S\_INF»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 4 | **come** | shall | My word |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **pass** | to-infinitive | My word *not said here* |  |  |  |  | unto thee | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 6 | **word** |  | My |  |  |  |  |  | nom word «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Torah NUM.11.23, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:short:x1:2
# text = (Torah NUM.11.23, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	NUM.11.23	NUM.11.23	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Either a bullock or a lamb that hath any thing too long or too short, that mayest thou offer for a freewill-offering; but for a vow it shall not be accepted. (Torah LEV.22.23, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Either a bullock or a lamb that hath any thing too long or too short, that mayest thou offer for a freewill-offering; but for a vow it shall not be accepted.

<!-- fold The tree, 32 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:short:x2:1
# text = Either a bullock or a lamb that hath any thing too long or too short, that mayest thou offer for a freewill-offering; but for a vow it shall not be accepted.
1	Either	either	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc:preconj	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	bullock	bullock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	nsubj:outer	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	lamb	lamb	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
7	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
8	hath	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl:relcl	_	_
9	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	10	det	_	_
10	thing	thing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	too	too	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
12	long	long	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	8	advmod	_	_
13	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
14	too	too	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
15	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
17	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	20	nsubj	_	_
18	mayest	may	AUX	MD	Style=Arch|VerbForm=Fin	20	aux	_	_
19	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	20	nsubj	_	_
20	offer	offer	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
21	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	25	mark	_	_
22	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
23	freewill	freewill	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	25	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	23	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	offering	offer	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	20	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	35	punct	_	_
27	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	35	cc	_	_
28	for	for	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
29	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
30	vow	vow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	35	obl	_	_
31	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	35	nsubj:pass	_	_
32	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	35	aux	_	_
33	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	35	advmod	_	_
34	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	35	aux:pass	_	_
35	accepted	accept	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	20	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	20	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | a lamb | any thing |  |  |  | long *property* | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thing=Patient |
| 2 | **offer** | may | a bullock or a lamb |  |  |  |  |  | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **offer** | gerund | a bullock or a lamb *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **not** **accept** | shall · passive |  | thing |  |  |  | for a vow | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Torah LEV.22.23, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:short:x2:2
# text = (Torah LEV.22.23, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	LEV.22.23	LEV.22.23	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
For convenience of study I have placed the Notes in a separate form at the end of the work, and I have made a short definition of the subject-matter of each chapter. (Sefer Yetzirah, Westcott 1893)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* For convenience of study I have placed the Notes in a separate form at the end of the work, and I have made a short definition of the subject-matter of each chapter.

<!-- fold The tree, 33 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:short:x3:1
# text = For convenience of study I have placed the Notes in a separate form at the end of the work, and I have made a short definition of the subject-matter of each chapter.
1	For	for	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	convenience	convenience	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	study	study	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
6	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
7	placed	place	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	Notes	Note	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	separate	separate	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	form	form	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
14	at	at	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	end	end	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	_
17	of	of	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	work	work	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
22	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	24	nsubj	_	_
23	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	24	aux	_	_
24	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	7	advcl	_	_
25	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
26	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	27	amod	_	_
27	definition	definition	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obj	_	_
28	of	of	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
30	subject	subject	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	30	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	matter	matter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	nmod	_	_
33	of	of	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
34	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	35	det	_	_
35	chapter	chapter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **place** | present · perfect | I | the Notes |  | a separate form at the end of the work |  | for convenience of study | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent note=Theme in form=Destination |
| 2 | **make** | present · perfect | I | a short definition of the subject matter of each chapter |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent definition=Product |
| 3 | **define** |  |  | the subject matter of each chapter |  |  |  |  | nom definition «communication transitive»: of=patient |
| 4 | **matter** |  | each chapter |  |  |  |  |  | nom matter «cognition intransitive»: of=agent |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Sefer Yetzirah, Westcott 1893)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:short:x3:2
# text = (Sefer Yetzirah, Westcott 1893)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Sefer	Sefer	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	Yetzirah	Yetzirah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	Westcott	Westcott	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
6	1893	1893	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They change the night into day; the light is short because of darkness. (Writings JOB.17.12, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* They change the night into day; the light is short because of darkness.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:short:x4:1
# text = They change the night into day; the light is short because of darkness.
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	change	change	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl:unmarked	_	_
5	into	into	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
10	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
11	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	conj	_	_
12	because	because	ADP	IN	ExtPos=ADP	14	case	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	fixed	_	_
14	darkness	darkness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **change** | present | They |  |  |  | day; night |  | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | present | the light |  |  |  |  | because darkness; short *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings JOB.17.12, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:short:x4:2
# text = (Writings JOB.17.12, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	JOB.17.12	JOB.17.12	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
That the triumphing of the wicked is short, and the joy of the godless but for a moment? (Writings JOB.20.5, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* That the triumphing of the wicked is short, and the joy of the godless but for a moment?

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:short:x5:1
# text = That the triumphing of the wicked is short, and the joy of the godless but for a moment?
1	That	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	3	det	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	triumphing	triumphing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	wicked	wicked	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	nmod	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
8	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	joy	joy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
13	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	15	mark	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	godless	godless	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	acl	_	_
16	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
17	for	for	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	moment	moment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | that triumphing of the wicked |  |  |  |  | the joy *obl*; short *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings JOB.20.5, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:short:x5:2
# text = (Writings JOB.20.5, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	JOB.20.5	JOB.20.5	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
O remember how short my time is; for what vanity hast Thou created all the children of men! (Writings PSA.89.48, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* O remember how short my time is; for what vanity hast Thou created all the children of men!

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:short:x6:1
# text = O remember how short my time is; for what vanity hast Thou created all the children of men!
1	O	o	INTJ	UH	_	2	discourse	_	_
2	remember	remember	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	4	advmod	_	_
4	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	ccomp	_	_
5	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl:unmarked	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
9	for	for	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	11	nsubj	_	_
11	vanity	vanity	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	obl	_	_
12	hast	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
13	Thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	14	nsubj	_	_
14	created	create	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	ccomp	_	_
15	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	17	det:predet	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obj	_	_
18	of	of	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **remember** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  | time | short *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **have** | present | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | for vanity | tree rules |
| 4 | **create** | past | Thou | all children of men |  |  |  |  | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent child=Result |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings PSA.89.48, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:short:x6:2
# text = (Writings PSA.89.48, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	PSA.89.48	PSA.89.48	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Tom is 5 cm shorter than Ann.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:short:x7:1
# text = Tom is 5 cm shorter than Ann.
1	Tom	Tom	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	5	5	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	cm	cm	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl:unmarked	_	_
5	shorter	short	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	0	root	_	_
6	than	than	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Ann	Ann	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Tom |  |  |  |  | than Ann; 5 cm *obl:unmarked*; short *property* | tree rules |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She is $4 short of the price.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:short:x8:1
# text = She is $4 short of the price.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	$	$	SYM	$	_	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	4	4	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	nummod	_	_
5	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	price	price	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which ribbon is the shortest?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:short:x9:1
# text = Which ribbon is the shortest?
1	Which	which	DET	WDT	PronType=Int	2	det	_	_
2	ribbon	ribbon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	shortest	short	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | which ribbon |  |  |  |  | short *property* | tree rules |

## Example 10 {#x10}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A short break lasts 10 minutes.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:short:x10:1
# text = A short break lasts 10 minutes.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	break	break	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	lasts	last	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	10	10	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
6	minutes	minute	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **last** | present | a short break |  |  |  | minute |  | vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme |

## Example 11 {#x11}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The days are short in winter.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:short:x11:1
# text = The days are short in winter.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	days	day	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	winter	winter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the days |  |  |  | winter | short *property* | tree rules |

## Example 12 {#x12}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Liz is short for Elizabeth.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:short:x12:1
# text = Liz is short for Elizabeth.
1	Liz	Liz	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	Elizabeth	Elizabeth	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Liz |  |  |  |  | for Elizabeth; short *property* | tree rules |

## Example 13 {#x13}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We ran short of glue, so we used tape.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:short:x13:1
# text = We ran short of glue, so we used tape.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	ran	run	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	xcomp	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	glue	glue	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	so	so	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
8	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	used	use	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
10	tape	tape	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **run** | past | We |  |  |  |  | short *property* | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **use** | past | we | tape |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tape=Patient |

## Example 14 {#x14}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He wears shorts in summer.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:short:x14:1
# text = He wears shorts in summer.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	wears	wear	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	shorts	short	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	summer	summer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wear** | present | He | shorts |  |  | summer |  | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent short=Source |

## Example 15 {#x15}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They only stayed a short time.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:short:x15:1
# text = They only stayed a short time.
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	only	only	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	stayed	stay	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stay** | past | They |  |  |  | time |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

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**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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