---
title: sign — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «sign» in the Judaism dictionary: A sign is a board with words or pictures that tells you something, like a road sign or a shop sign. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# sign

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** sign, that, something, dark clouds, your, eyes · **What happens:** be, tell, show, happen, sign, name · **To what, where:** board, something, you, mark, sign, great trials · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«sign» in the Judaism dictionary: its 5 meanings for a pupil and its 16 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [sign in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/sign.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A sign is a board with words or pictures that tells you something, like a road sign or a shop sign.

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:sign:m1:1
# text = A sign is a board with words or pictures that tells you something, like a road sign or a shop sign.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	sign	sign	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	board	board	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	pictures	picture	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	conj	_	_
10	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	11	nsubj	_	_
11	tells	tell	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	parataxis	_	_
12	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	11	iobj	_	_
13	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
15	like	like	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
17	road	road	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	compound	_	_
18	sign	sign	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	appos	_	_
19	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
20	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
21	shop	shop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	compound	_	_
22	sign	sign	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a sign | a board |  |  |  | with words or pictures | tree rules |
| 2 | **tell** *speech: assert* | present | that | something | you |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent you=Recipient something=Topic |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A sign in maths is a mark like +, −, ×, ÷ or =.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:sign:m2:1
# text = A sign in maths is a mark like +, −, ×, ÷ or =.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	sign	sign	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	maths	math	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	mark	mark	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	like	like	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	+	+	SYM	SYM	_	7	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	−	−	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
13	×	×	SYM	SYM	Number=Sing	11	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
15	÷	÷	SYM	SYM	Number=Sing	11	flat	_	_
16	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	=	=	SYM	SYM	_	15	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a sign in maths | a mark |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A sign is something that shows that something is true or will happen: dark clouds are a sign of rain.

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:sign:m3:1
# text = A sign is something that shows that something is true or will happen: dark clouds are a sign of rain.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	sign	sign	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	0	root	_	_
5	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	6	nsubj	_	_
6	shows	show	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl:relcl	_	_
7	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
8	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	10	nsubj	_	_
9	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
10	true	true	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	ccomp	_	_
11	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
12	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	13	aux	_	_
13	happen	happen	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	19	punct	_	_
15	dark	dark	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	clouds	cloud	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	nsubj	_	_
17	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	19	cop	_	_
18	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	sign	sign	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
20	of	of	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	rain	rain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a sign | something |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **show** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **is** | present | something |  |  |  |  | true *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **happen** | future | something *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 5 | **is a** | present | dark clouds | a sign |  |  |  | of rain | tree rules |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To sign is to write your name on something.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:sign:m4:1
# text = To sign is to write your name on something.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	sign	sign	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	csubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	write	write	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	on	on	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sign** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn image\_impression-25.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  | something |  | write *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **name** |  | your |  |  |  |  |  | nom name «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

## Meaning 5 {#m5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To sign is also to talk with hand signs, as in sign language.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:sign:m5:1
# text = To sign is also to talk with hand signs, as in sign language.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	sign	sign	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	advcl	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	also	also	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	talk	talk	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	signs	sign	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
11	as	as	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	sign	sign	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	_
14	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sign** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn image\_impression-25.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | with hand signs; as sign language; talk *property* | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
the great trials which thine eyes saw, the signs and those great wonders; (Torah DEU.29.3, JPS 1917)

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:sign:x1:1
# text = the great trials which thine eyes saw, the signs and those great wonders; (Torah DEU.29.3, JPS 1917)
1	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	trials	trial	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
4	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	7	obj	_	_
5	thine	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	eyes	eye	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
7	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	signs	sign	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
12	those	that	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	14	det	_	_
13	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	wonders	wonder	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	18	punct	_	_
16	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	compound	_	_
18	DEU.29.3	DEU.29.3	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
20	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	appos	_	_
21	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	20	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	20	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | past | thine eyes | the great trials  Torah DEU.29.3 |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And thou shalt take in thy hand this rod, wherewith thou shalt do the signs.' (Torah EXO.4.17, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* And thou shalt take in thy hand this rod, wherewith thou shalt do the signs.'

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:sign:x2:1
# text = And thou shalt take in thy hand this rod, wherewith thou shalt do the signs.'
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
2	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	4	nsubj	_	_
3	shalt	shall	AUX	MD	Style=Arch|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	take	take	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	RP	_	4	compound:prt	_	_
6	thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
8	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	9	det	_	_
9	rod	rod	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
11	wherewith	wherewith	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	14	advmod	_	_
12	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	14	nsubj	_	_
13	shalt	shall	AUX	MD	Style=Arch|VerbForm=Fin	14	aux	_	_
14	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	conj	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	signs	sign	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take in** | shall | thou | thy hand |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP ADVP»: agent=Instrument hand=Theme rod=Destination |
| 2 | **do** | shall | thou | the signs |  |  |  | wherewith *property* | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sign=Eventuality |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Torah EXO.4.17, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:sign:x2:2
# text = (Torah EXO.4.17, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	EXO.4.17	EXO.4.17	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And I will harden Pharaoh's heart, and multiply My signs and My wonders in the land of Egypt. (Torah EXO.7.3, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* And I will harden Pharaoh's heart, and multiply My signs and My wonders in the land of Egypt.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:sign:x3:1
# text = And I will harden Pharaoh's heart, and multiply My signs and My wonders in the land of Egypt.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
2	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
3	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	harden	harden	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	Pharaoh	Pharaoh	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	's	's	PART	POS	_	5	case	_	_
7	heart	heart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	multiply	multiply	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	conj	_	_
11	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	signs	sign	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obj	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
14	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	15	nmod:poss	_	_
15	wonders	wonder	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	conj	_	_
16	in	in	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
19	of	of	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	Egypt	Egypt	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **harden** | future | I | Pharaoh's heart |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent heart=Patient |
| 2 | **multiply** | infinitive | I *not said here* | My signs and My wonders |  | the land of Egypt |  |  | vn multiply-108-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sign=Theme |
| 3 | **sign** |  | My |  |  |  |  |  | nom sign «communication transitive»: poss=agent |
| 4 | **wonder** |  | My |  |  |  |  |  | nom wonder «feeling transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Torah EXO.7.3, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:sign:x3:2
# text = (Torah EXO.7.3, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	EXO.7.3	EXO.7.3	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Wherefore king Darius signed the writing and the interdict. (Writings DAN.6.10, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Wherefore king Darius signed the writing and the interdict.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:sign:x4:1
# text = Wherefore king Darius signed the writing and the interdict.
1	Wherefore	wherefore	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	4	advmod	_	_
2	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	Darius	Darius	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	_
4	signed	sign	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	writing	writing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	interdict	interdict	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sign** | past | king | the writing and the interdict |  |  |  | wherefore *property* | vn image\_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent writing=Destination |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings DAN.6.10, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:sign:x4:2
# text = (Writings DAN.6.10, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	DAN.6.10	DAN.6.10	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
This shall be a sign to the house of Israel. (Prophets EZK.4.3, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* This shall be a sign to the house of Israel.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:sign:x5:1
# text = This shall be a sign to the house of Israel.
1	This	this	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	5	nsubj	_	_
2	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
3	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	sign	sign	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	house	house	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	Israel	Israel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | shall | This | a sign |  |  |  | to the house of Israel | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Prophets EZK.4.3, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:sign:x5:2
# text = (Prophets EZK.4.3, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Prophets	prophet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	EZK.4.3	EZK.4.3	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
How great are His signs! and how mighty are His wonders! (Writings DAN.3.33, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* How great are His signs! and how mighty are His wonders!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:sign:x6:1
# text = How great are His signs! and how mighty are His wonders!
1	How	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	2	advmod	_	_
2	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	signs	sign	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
8	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	9	advmod	_	_
9	mighty	mighty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	conj	_	_
10	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
11	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	wonders	wonder	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present |  | His great signs |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **is a** | present | His great signs | His wonders |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings DAN.3.33, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:sign:x6:2
# text = (Writings DAN.3.33, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	DAN.3.33	DAN.3.33	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The sign says the town is 12 miles away.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:sign:x7:1
# text = The sign says the town is 12 miles away.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	sign	sign	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	town	town	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
7	12	12	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	8	nummod	_	_
8	miles	mile	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	ccomp	_	_
9	away	away	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | the sign |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is a** | present | the town | 12 miles |  |  |  | away *property* | tree rules |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Put the right sign between 7 and 3 to get 10.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:sign:x8:1
# text = Put the right sign between 7 and 3 to get 10.
1	Put	put	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	right	right	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	sign	sign	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	between	between	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	7	7	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nmod	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	3	3	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	6	conj	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	get	get	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	advcl	_	_
11	10	10	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **put** | imperative | you *not said here* | the right sign |  | 7 |  |  | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent sign=Theme between 7=Destination |
| 2 | **get** | to-infinitive | you *not said here* | 10 |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer 10=Stimulus |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The sign shows apples cost 50 cents each.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:sign:x9:1
# text = The sign shows apples cost 50 cents each.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	sign	sign	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	shows	show	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	apples	apple	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
5	cost	cost	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	ccomp	_	_
6	50	50	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
7	cents	cent	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	_
8	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | present | the sign |  |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **cost** | present | apples | 50 cents  each |  |  |  |  | vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme cent=Value |

## Example 10 {#x10}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
30 people signed the card.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:sign:x10:1
# text = 30 people signed the card.
1	30	30	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	nummod	_	_
2	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	signed	sign	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	card	card	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sign** | past | 30 people | the card |  |  |  |  | vn image\_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent card=Destination |

## Example 11 {#x11}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Stop at the stop sign and look both ways.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:sign:x11:1
# text = Stop at the stop sign and look both ways.
1	Stop	stop	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	at	at	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	stop	stop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	sign	sign	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	look	look	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	1	conj	_	_
8	both	both	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	9	det	_	_
9	ways	way	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stop** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  | the stop sign |  |  | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at sign=Location |
| 2 | **look** | infinitive | you *not said here* | both ways |  |  |  |  | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |

## Example 12 {#x12}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Swallows coming back are a sign of spring.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:sign:x12:1
# text = Swallows coming back are a sign of spring.
1	Swallows	swallow	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
2	coming	come	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	1	acl	_	_
3	back	back	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	sign	sign	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	spring	spring	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come back** | gerund | Swallows *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **is a** | present | Swallows | a sign |  |  | spring |  | tree rules |

## Example 13 {#x13}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Please sign your name at the bottom.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:sign:x13:1
# text = Please sign your name at the bottom.
1	Please	please	INTJ	UH	_	2	discourse	_	_
2	sign	sign	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	at	at	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	bottom	bottom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sign** | imperative | you *not said here* | your name |  | the bottom |  |  | vn image\_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.theme PP.destination»: agent=Agent name=Theme at bottom=Destination |
| 2 | **name** |  | your |  |  |  |  |  | nom name «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 14 {#x14}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My cousin uses sign language to talk with her deaf friend.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:sign:x14:1
# text = My cousin uses sign language to talk with her deaf friend.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	cousin	cousin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	uses	use	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	sign	sign	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	talk	talk	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
8	with	with	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
10	deaf	deaf	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	friend	friend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | present | My cousin | sign language |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent language=Patient |
| 2 | **talk** | to-infinitive | My cousin *not said here* |  |  |  |  | with cousin's deaf friend | vn talk-37.5 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent with friend=Co-Agent |

## Example 15 {#x15}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A smile is often a sign that someone is happy.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:sign:x15:1
# text = A smile is often a sign that someone is happy.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	smile	smile	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	often	often	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	sign	sign	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
8	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	10	nsubj	_	_
9	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
10	happy	happy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a smile | a sign |  |  |  | often *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present | someone | a sign *not said here* |  |  |  | happy *property* | tree rules |

## Example 16 {#x16}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
“Read the sign and you’ll know.”

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:sign:x16:1
# text = “Read the sign and you’ll know.”
1	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Read	read	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	sign	sign	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
6	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	’ll	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
8	know	know	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **read** *in a quote* | imperative | you *not said here* | the sign |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sign=Topic |
| 2 | **know** *in a quote* | future | you |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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