---
title: sing — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «sing» in the Judaism dictionary: To sing means to make music with your voice, using words or tunes. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# sing

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Birds, Things, someone, Miriam, horse, you · **What happens:** sing, mean, make, use, praise, spring up · **To what, where:** music, words, musical calls, high musical sound, praises, song · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«sing» in the Judaism dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 14 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [sing in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/sing.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To sing means to make music with your voice, using words or tunes.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:sing:m1:1
# text = To sing means to make music with your voice, using words or tunes.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	sing	sing	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	csubj	_	_
3	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	music	music	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	voice	voice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	using	use	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	5	advcl	_	_
12	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obj	_	_
13	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	tunes	tune	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sing** *speech: express* | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **make** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  | music |  |  |  | with your voice | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset music=Product |
| 4 | **use** | gerund |  | words or tunes |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent word=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Birds sing when they make musical calls.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:sing:m2:1
# text = Birds sing when they make musical calls.
1	Birds	bird	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	sing	sing	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	5	advmod	_	_
4	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
5	make	make	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	advcl	_	_
6	musical	musical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	calls	call	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sing** *speech: express* | present | Birds |  |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP.location V PP.theme»: agent=Location |
| 2 | **make** | present | Birds *= bird* | musical calls |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset call=Product |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Things like a kettle or the wind can «sing» when they make a high, musical sound.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:sing:m3:1
# text = Things like a kettle or the wind can «sing» when they make a high, musical sound.
1	Things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nsubj	_	_
2	like	like	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	kettle	kettle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	wind	wind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
8	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
9	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	sing	sing	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	10	punct	_	_
12	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	14	advmod	_	_
13	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
14	make	make	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	advcl	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
16	high	high	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
18	musical	musical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	sound	sound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sing** *speech: express* *in a quote* | can | Things like a kettle or the wind |  |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **make** | present | Things *= thing* | a high musical sound |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset sound=Product |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To sing someone's praises means to praise them a lot.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:sing:m4:1
# text = To sing someone's praises means to praise them a lot.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	sing	sing	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	csubj	_	_
3	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	5	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	's	's	PART	POS	_	3	case	_	_
5	praises	praise	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
6	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	praise	praise	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	xcomp	_	_
9	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	obj	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	lot	lot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sing** *speech: express* | to-infinitive |  | someone's praises |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location praise=Theme |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **praise** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  | praises *= praise* |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **praise** |  | someone |  |  |  |  |  | nom praise «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Then sang Israel this song: Spring up, O well — sing ye unto it — (Torah NUM.21.17, JPS 1917)

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:sing:x1:1
# text = Then sang Israel this song: Spring up, O well — sing ye unto it — (Torah NUM.21.17, JPS 1917)
1	Then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	2	advmod	_	_
2	sang	sing	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	Israel	Israel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	5	det	_	_
5	song	song	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	7	punct	_	_
7	Spring	spring	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
8	up	up	ADP	RP	_	7	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	O	O	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	vocative	_	_
11	well	well	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	7	advmod	_	_
12	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	13	punct	_	_
13	sing	sing	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
14	ye	ye	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	13	obj	_	_
15	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	obl	_	_
17	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	2	punct	_	_
18	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	compound	_	_
20	NUM.21.17	NUM.21.17	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
22	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	conj	_	_
23	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	20	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	20	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sing** *speech: express* | past |  | this song | Israel |  | then |  | vn performance-26.7-1 «NP V NP.beneficiary NP»: agent=Agent israel=Beneficiary song=Theme |
| 2 | **spring up** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | O *vocative*; well *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **sing** *speech: express* | infinitive |  | ye |  |  |  | unto song | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location ye=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And Miriam sang unto them: Sing ye to the LORD, for He is highly exalted: the horse and his rider hath He thrown into the sea. (Torah EXO.15.21, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* And Miriam sang unto them: Sing ye to the LORD, for He is highly exalted: the horse and his rider hath He thrown into the sea.

<!-- fold The tree, 26 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:sing:x2:1
# text = And Miriam sang unto them: Sing ye to the LORD, for He is highly exalted: the horse and his rider hath He thrown into the sea.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	Miriam	Miriam	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	sang	sing	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	7	punct	_	_
7	Sing	sing	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	conj	_	_
8	ye	ye	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	7	obj	_	_
9	to	to	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
13	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	17	mark	_	_
14	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	nsubj	_	_
15	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	aux:pass	_	_
16	highly	highly	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	_
17	exalted	exalt	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	24	punct	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	horse	horse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	nsubj	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
22	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	23	nmod:poss	_	_
23	rider	rider	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	conj	_	_
24	hath	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
25	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	26	nsubj	_	_
26	thrown	throw	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	24	xcomp	_	_
27	into	into	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
28	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
29	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sing** *speech: express* | past | Miriam |  |  |  |  | unto them *= they* | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP.location V PP.theme»: agent=Location |
| 2 | **sing** *speech: express* | infinitive | Miriam *not said here* | ye | the LORD |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent ye=Topic to lord=Recipient |
| 3 | **exalt** | present · passive |  | Miriam |  |  |  | highly *property* | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Stimulus |
| 4 | **have** | present | the horse and Miriam's rider |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **throw** | participle | Miriam |  |  |  |  | into the sea *result* | vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.result»: agent=Causer into sea=Result |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Torah EXO.15.21, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:sing:x2:2
# text = (Torah EXO.15.21, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	EXO.15.21	EXO.15.21	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Sing aloud, O ye nations, of His people; for He doth avenge the blood of His servants, and doth render vengeance to His adversaries, and doth make expiation for the land of His people. (Torah DEU.32.43, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Sing aloud, O ye nations, of His people; for He doth avenge the blood of His servants, and doth render vengeance to His adversaries, and doth make expiation for the land of His people.

<!-- fold The tree, 34 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:sing:x3:1
# text = Sing aloud, O ye nations, of His people; for He doth avenge the blood of His servants, and doth render vengeance to His adversaries, and doth make expiation for the land of His people.
1	Sing	sing	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	aloud	aloud	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
4	O	o	INTJ	UH	_	6	discourse	_	_
5	ye	ye	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	6	nsubj	_	_
6	nations	nation	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	14	punct	_	_
12	for	for	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
14	doth	do	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	conj	_	_
15	avenge	avenge	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	conj	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	blood	blood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obj	_	_
18	of	of	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	20	nmod:poss	_	_
20	servants	servant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
23	doth	do	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	conj	_	_
24	render	render	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	23	xcomp	_	_
25	vengeance	vengeance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obj	_	_
26	to	to	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
27	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	28	nmod:poss	_	_
28	adversaries	adversary	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	24	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	31	punct	_	_
30	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	31	cc	_	_
31	doth	do	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	32	advmod	_	_
32	make	make	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	advcl	_	_
33	expiation	expiation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	obj	_	_
34	for	for	ADP	IN	_	36	case	_	_
35	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	36	det	_	_
36	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	obl	_	_
37	of	of	ADP	IN	_	39	case	_	_
38	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	39	nmod:poss	_	_
39	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	36	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
40	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sing** *speech: express* | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | of His people; aloud *property* | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **nation** |  | ye |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **do** | present | He |  |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **avenge** | present | He *not said here* | the blood of His servants |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **do** | present | He *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 6 | **render** | present | He *not said here* | vengeance | His adversaries |  |  |  | vn give-13.1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent vengeance=Theme to adversary=Recipient |
| 7 | **do** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 8 | **make** | present | He *not said here* | expiation |  |  |  | for the land of His people | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP P.asset»: agent=Agent expiation=Product for land=Asset |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Torah DEU.32.43, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:sing:x3:2
# text = (Torah DEU.32.43, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	DEU.32.43	DEU.32.43	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
How shall we sing the LORD'S song in a foreign land? (Writings PSA.137.4, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* How shall we sing the LORD'S song in a foreign land?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:sing:x4:1
# text = How shall we sing the LORD'S song in a foreign land?
1	How	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	4	advmod	_	_
2	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	sing	sing	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	'S	's	PART	POS	_	6	case	_	_
8	song	song	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	foreign	foreign	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sing** *speech: express* | shall | we | the LORD's song |  | a foreign land |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location song=Theme |
| 2 | **sing** |  | the LORD |  |  |  |  |  | nom song «communication intransitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings PSA.137.4, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:sing:x4:2
# text = (Writings PSA.137.4, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	PSA.137.4	PSA.137.4	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Sing unto Him a new song; play skilfully amid shouts of joy. (Writings PSA.33.3, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Sing unto Him a new song; play skilfully amid shouts of joy.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:sing:x5:1
# text = Sing unto Him a new song; play skilfully amid shouts of joy.
1	Sing	sing	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	Him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	1	obl	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	song	song	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	play	play	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	1	conj	_	_
9	skilfully	skilfully	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
10	amid	amid	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
11	shouts	shout	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	advcl	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	joy	joy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sing** *speech: express* | imperative | you *not said here* | a new song |  |  |  | unto Him *= he* | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location song=Theme |
| 2 | **play** | infinitive | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn performance-26.7-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **shout** *speech: express* | present | amid |  |  |  |  | of joy; skilfully *property* | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings PSA.33.3, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:sing:x5:2
# text = (Writings PSA.33.3, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	PSA.33.3	PSA.33.3	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Sing praises unto the glory of His name; make His praise glorious. (Writings PSA.66.2, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Sing praises unto the glory of His name; make His praise glorious.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:sing:x6:1
# text = Sing praises unto the glory of His name; make His praise glorious.
1	Sing	sing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	praises	praise	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	glory	glory	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	10	punct	_	_
10	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	conj	_	_
11	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	praise	praise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
13	glorious	glorious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **praise** | present | Sing |  |  |  |  | unto the glory of Sing's name | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **make** | infinitive | Sing *not said here* | Sing's praise |  |  |  | glorious *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset praise=Product |
| 3 | **glory** |  | Sing's name |  |  |  |  |  | nom glory «state intransitive»: of=agent |
| 4 | **name** |  | Sing |  |  |  |  |  | nom name «communication transitive»: poss=agent |
| 5 | **praise** |  | Sing |  |  |  |  |  | nom praise «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings PSA.66.2, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:sing:x6:2
# text = (Writings PSA.66.2, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	PSA.66.2	PSA.66.2	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We sing in the school choir.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:sing:x7:1
# text = We sing in the school choir.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	sing	sing	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	choir	choir	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sing** *speech: express* | present | We |  |  | the school choir |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in choir=Location |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She sang «Happy Birthday» to her dad.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:sing:x8:1
# text = She sang «Happy Birthday» to her dad.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	sang	sing	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	Happy	happy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	Birthday	Birthday	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	dad	dad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sing** *speech: express* | past | She | Happy Birthday | Birthday's dad |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent birthday=Topic to dad=Recipient |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The birds were singing in the morning.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:sing:x9:1
# text = The birds were singing in the morning.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	birds	bird	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	singing	sing	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	morning	morning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sing** *speech: express* | past · progressive | the birds |  |  |  | morning |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP.location V PP.theme»: agent=Location |

## Example 10 {#x10}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Can you sing along to this song?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:sing:x10:1
# text = Can you sing along to this song?
1	Can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
2	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	sing	sing	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	along	along	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	7	det	_	_
7	song	song	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sing** *speech: express* | can | you |  | this song |  |  | along *property* | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent to song=Recipient |

## Example 11 {#x11}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He has sung in three concerts.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:sing:x11:1
# text = He has sung in three concerts.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	sung	sing	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
6	concerts	concert	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sing** *speech: express* | present · perfect | He |  |  | three concerts |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in concert=Location |

## Example 12 {#x12}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mum sang the baby to sleep.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:sing:x12:1
# text = Mum sang the baby to sleep.
1	Mum	mum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	sang	sing	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	baby	baby	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	sleep	sleep	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sing** *speech: express* | past | Mum | the baby |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location baby=Theme |
| 2 | **sleep** | to-infinitive | Mum *not said here* | the baby *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 13 {#x13}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The kettle began to sing on the stove.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:sing:x13:1
# text = The kettle began to sing on the stove.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	kettle	kettle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	began	begin	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	sing	sing	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	stove	stove	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **begin** | past | the kettle |  |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 2 | **sing** *speech: express* | to-infinitive | the kettle *not said here* |  |  | the stove |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on stove=Location |

## Example 14 {#x14}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My teacher always sings our praises.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:sing:x14:1
# text = My teacher always sings our praises.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	always	always	ADV	RB	PronType=Tot	4	advmod	_	_
4	sings	sing	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	praises	praise	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sing** *speech: express* | present | My teacher | our praises |  |  |  | always *property* | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location praise=Theme |
| 2 | **praise** |  | our |  |  |  |  |  | nom praise «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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