---
title: slave — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «slave» in the Judaism dictionary: A slave is a person who is owned by another person and forced to work without pay or freedom. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# slave

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** slave, person, Dad, Israelites, Harriet, many slaves · **What happens:** be, own, force, work, slave, slave away · **To what, where:** person, dinner, slaves, Egypt, freedom, another

<!-- .vabout -->
«slave» in the Judaism dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [slave in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/slave.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A slave is a person who is owned by another person and forced to work without pay or freedom.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:slave:m1:1
# text = A slave is a person who is owned by another person and forced to work without pay or freedom.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	slave	slave	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj:pass	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux:pass	_	_
8	owned	own	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl:relcl	_	_
9	by	by	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	another	another	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	11	det	_	_
11	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl:agent	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	forced	force	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	conj	_	_
14	to	to	PART	TO	_	15	mark	_	_
15	work	work	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	xcomp	_	_
16	without	without	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	pay	pay	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	_
18	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
19	freedom	freedom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a slave | a person |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **own** | present · passive | another person | a person |  |  |  |  | vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot subject=Theme |
| 3 | **force** | participle | another person *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn urge-58.1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 4 | **work** | to-infinitive | another person *not said here* |  |  |  |  | without pay or freedom | vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: informal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To slave or slave away is to work very hard.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:slave:m2:1
# text = To slave or slave away is to work very hard.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	slave	slave	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	advcl	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	slave	slave	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	conj	_	_
5	away	away	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	work	work	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	very	very	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
10	hard	hard	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	8	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **slave** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **slave away** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | away *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | hard, work *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"Dad slaved over the dinner."

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:slave:m2e:1
# text = "Dad slaved over the dinner."
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Dad	dad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	slaved	slave	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	over	over	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	dinner	dinner	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **slave** *in a quote* | past | Dad |  |  | the dinner |  |  | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A slave to something is a person who is controlled by it, like "a slave to fashion".

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:slave:m3:1
# text = A slave to something is a person who is controlled by it, like "a slave to fashion".
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	slave	slave	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	to	to	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	nmod	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	10	nsubj:pass	_	_
9	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux:pass	_	_
10	controlled	control	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	acl:relcl	_	_
11	by	by	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
14	like	like	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
15	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	slave	slave	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	_
18	to	to	PART	TO	_	19	mark	_	_
19	fashion	fashion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a slave to something | a person and a slave |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **control** | present · passive |  | a person and a slave |  |  |  | by slave | vn enforce-63 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Israelites were slaves in Egypt.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:slave:x1:1
# text = The Israelites were slaves in Egypt.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Israelites	Israelite	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	slaves	slave	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Egypt	Egypt	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | the Israelites | slaves |  | Egypt |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Harriet Tubman helped many slaves escape to freedom.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:slave:x2:1
# text = Harriet Tubman helped many slaves escape to freedom.
1	Harriet	Harriet	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	Tubman	Tubman	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	_
3	helped	help	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	slaves	slave	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
6	escape	escape	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	ccomp	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	freedom	freedom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **help** | past | Harriet |  |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 2 | **escape** | present | many slaves |  |  | freedom |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to freedom=Initial\_Location |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is wrong for any person to own another as a slave.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:slave:x3:1
# text = It is wrong for any person to own another as a slave.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	wrong	wrong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
5	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	6	det	_	_
6	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	own	own	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
9	another	another	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	8	obj	_	_
10	as	as	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	slave	slave	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | It |  |  |  |  | wrong *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **own** | to-infinitive | any person | another |  |  |  | as a slave | vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot another=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mum slaved away in the kitchen all afternoon.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:slave:x4:1
# text = Mum slaved away in the kitchen all afternoon.
1	Mum	mum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	slaved	slave	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	away	away	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	kitchen	kitchen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
7	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	8	det	_	_
8	afternoon	afternoon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **slave away** | past | Mum |  |  | the kitchen | afternoon | away *property* | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The slave trade was ended after a long campaign.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:slave:x5:1
# text = The slave trade was ended after a long campaign.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	slave	slave	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	trade	trade	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	ended	end	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	after	after	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	campaign	campaign	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **end** | past · passive |  | the slave trade |  |  | after a long campaign |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: subject=Eventuality |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Don't be a slave to your phone!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:slave:x6:1
# text = Don't be a slave to your phone!
1	Do	do	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	5	advmod	_	_
3	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	slave	slave	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	phone	phone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | to your phone | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **not** **is a** | infinitive |  | a slave |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Our coach is a real slave driver.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:slave:x7:1
# text = Our coach is a real slave driver.
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	coach	coach	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
5	real	real	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
6	slave	slave	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	driver	driver	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Our coach | a real slave driver |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The slave went back to her mistress.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:slave:x8:1
# text = The slave went back to her mistress.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	slave	slave	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	back	back	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	mistress	mistress	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go back** | past | the slave |  |  |  |  | to slave's mistress *result* | vn convert-26.6.2 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Patient to mistress=Result |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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