---
title: sledge — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «sledge» in the Judaism dictionary: A sledge is a small vehicle with long, narrow runners instead of wheels, used for sliding over snow or ice, often down hills for fun. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# sledge

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** sledge, dogs, Sharpest potsherds, I, new threshing sledge, thou · **What happens:** be, use, slide, pull, carry, sledge · **To what, where:** small vehicle, snow, large sledge, people, sledge, cricket · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«sledge» in the Judaism dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 12 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [sledge in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/sledge.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A sledge is a small vehicle with long, narrow runners instead of wheels, used for sliding over snow or ice, often down hills for fun.

<!-- fold The tree, 25 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:sledge:m1:1
# text = A sledge is a small vehicle with long, narrow runners instead of wheels, used for sliding over snow or ice, often down hills for fun.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	sledge	sledge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	vehicle	vehicle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
8	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
10	narrow	narrow	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	runners	runner	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	_
12	instead	instead	ADV	RB	ExtPos=ADP	14	case	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	fixed	_	_
14	wheels	wheel	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
16	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	conj	_	_
17	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	18	mark	_	_
18	sliding	slide	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	16	advcl	_	_
19	over	over	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	snow	snow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	_
21	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
22	ice	ice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
24	often	often	ADV	RB	_	25	advmod	_	_
25	down	down	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	_
26	hills	hill	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	25	obl:unmarked	_	_
27	for	for	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
28	fun	fun	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a sledge | a small vehicle |  |  |  | with long narrow runners instead wheels | tree rules |
| 2 | **use** | participle | a sledge *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **slide** | gerund | a sledge *not said here* |  |  | snow or ice |  | down *property* | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme over snow=Trajectory |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A large sledge can be pulled by dogs, horses or reindeer to carry people and things over snow.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:sledge:m2:1
# text = A large sledge can be pulled by dogs, horses or reindeer to carry people and things over snow.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	sledge	sledge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
5	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	aux:pass	_	_
6	pulled	pull	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
7	by	by	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	dogs	dog	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl:agent	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	horses	horse	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	conj	_	_
11	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	reindeer	reindeer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	_
13	to	to	PART	TO	_	14	mark	_	_
14	carry	carry	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	advcl	_	_
15	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obj	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	conj	_	_
18	over	over	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	snow	snow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pull** | can · passive | dogs and horses or reindeer | a large sledge |  |  |  |  | vn push-12-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme |
| 2 | **carry** | to-infinitive | dogs and horses or reindeer *not said here* | people and things |  | snow |  |  | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent people=Theme |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To sledge means to ride a sledge.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:sledge:m3:1
# text = To sledge means to ride a sledge.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	sledge	sledge	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	csubj	_	_
3	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	ride	ride	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	sledge	sledge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sledge** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn vehicle-51.4.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **ride** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  | a sledge |  |  |  |  | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sledge=Theme |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In cricket in Australia and New Zealand, sledging means saying rude things to put a player off.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:sledge:m4:1
# text = In cricket in Australia and New Zealand, sledging means saying rude things to put a player off.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	cricket	cricket	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	Australia	Australia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
6	New	New	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	flat	_	_
7	Zealand	Zealand	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	sledging	sledge	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	10	nsubj	_	_
10	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	saying	say	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	10	xcomp	_	_
12	rude	rude	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obj	_	_
14	to	to	PART	TO	_	15	mark	_	_
15	put	put	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	advcl	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	player	player	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obj	_	_
18	off	off	ADP	RP	_	15	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sledge** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn vehicle-51.4.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  | cricket in Australia and New Zealand |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **say** *speech: assert* *not said to happen* | gerund |  | rude things |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent thing=Topic |
| 4 | **put off** | to-infinitive |  | a player |  |  |  |  | vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent player=Goal |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Sharpest potsherds are under him; he spreadeth a threshing-sledge upon the mire. (Writings JOB.41.22, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Sharpest potsherds are under him; he spreadeth a threshing-sledge upon the mire.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:sledge:x1:1
# text = Sharpest potsherds are under him; he spreadeth a threshing-sledge upon the mire.
1	Sharpest	sharp	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	2	amod	_	_
2	potsherds	potsherd	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	under	under	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	_
7	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	spreadeth	spread	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
10	threshing	threshing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	sledge	sledge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
13	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	mire	mire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | under him *= he* | tree rules |
| 2 | **spread** | present | Sharpest potsherds | a threshing sledge |  | the mire |  |  | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent sledge=Theme upon mire=Destination |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings JOB.41.22, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:sledge:x1:2
# text = (Writings JOB.41.22, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	JOB.41.22	JOB.41.22	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Behold, I make thee a new threshing-sledge having sharp teeth; thou shalt thresh the mountains, and beat them small, and shalt make the hills as chaff. (Prophets ISA.41.15, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Behold, I make thee a new threshing-sledge having sharp teeth; thou shalt thresh the mountains, and beat them small, and shalt make the hills as chaff.

<!-- fold The tree, 27 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:sledge:x2:1
# text = Behold, I make thee a new threshing-sledge having sharp teeth; thou shalt thresh the mountains, and beat them small, and shalt make the hills as chaff.
1	Behold	behold	INTJ	UH	_	4	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	make	make	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	thee	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	4	obj	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
7	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
8	threshing	threshing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	sledge	sledge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
11	having	have	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	10	acl	_	_
12	sharp	sharp	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	teeth	tooth	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	17	punct	_	_
15	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	17	nsubj	_	_
16	shalt	shall	AUX	MD	Style=Arch|VerbForm=Fin	17	aux	_	_
17	thresh	thresh	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	parataxis	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	mountains	mountain	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
22	beat	beat	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	17	parataxis	_	_
23	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	22	obj	_	_
24	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
26	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	28	cc	_	_
27	shalt	shall	AUX	MD	Style=Arch|VerbForm=Fin	28	aux	_	_
28	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	17	conj	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
30	hills	hill	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	28	obj	_	_
31	as	as	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
32	chaff	chaff	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present | I | thee |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP NP»: agent=Asset thou=Beneficiary sledge=Product |
| 2 | **have** | gerund | a new threshing sledge *not said here* | sharp teeth |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tooth=Patient |
| 3 | **thresh** | shall | thou | the mountains |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **beat** | infinitive |  | mountains *= mountain* |  |  |  | small *property* | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location they=Theme |
| 5 | **make** | shall | thou *not said here* | the hills |  |  |  | as chaff | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset hill=Product |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Prophets ISA.41.15, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:sledge:x2:2
# text = (Prophets ISA.41.15, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Prophets	prophet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	ISA.41.15	ISA.41.15	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
For thus saith the LORD: For three transgressions of Damascus, yea, for four, I will not reverse it: because they have threshed Gilead with sledges of iron. (Prophets AMO.1.3, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* For thus saith the LORD: For three transgressions of Damascus, yea, for four, I will not reverse it: because they have threshed Gilead with sledges of iron.

<!-- fold The tree, 27 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:sledge:x3:1
# text = For thus saith the LORD: For three transgressions of Damascus, yea, for four, I will not reverse it: because they have threshed Gilead with sledges of iron.
1	For	for	SCONJ	IN	_	3	mark	_	_
2	thus	thus	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	saith	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	21	advcl	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	_
7	For	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	9	nummod	_	_
9	transgressions	transgression	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	conj	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	Damascus	Damascus	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
13	yea	yea	INTJ	UH	_	9	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
15	for	for	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	four	four	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	9	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
18	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	21	nsubj	_	_
19	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	21	aux	_	_
20	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	21	advmod	_	_
21	reverse	reverse	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
22	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	21	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	27	punct	_	_
24	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	27	mark	_	_
25	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	27	nsubj	_	_
26	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	27	aux	_	_
27	threshed	thresh	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	21	conj	_	_
28	Gilead	Gilead	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	27	obj	_	_
29	with	with	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
30	sledges	sledge	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	27	obl	_	_
31	of	of	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
32	iron	iron	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	21	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | I *not said here* | the LORD |  |  |  | thus *property* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent lord=Topic |
| 2 | **not** **reverse** | future | I | it |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent it=Patient |
| 3 | **thresh** | present · perfect | transgressions *= transgression* | Gilead |  |  |  | with sledges of iron | tree rules |
| 4 | **transgress** |  | Damascus |  |  |  |  |  | nom transgression «act intransitive»: of=agent |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Prophets AMO.1.3, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:sledge:x3:2
# text = (Prophets AMO.1.3, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Prophets	prophet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	AMO.1.3	AMO.1.3	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We went sledging on the hill after the snow fell.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:sledge:x4:1
# text = We went sledging on the hill after the snow fell.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	sledging	sledge	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	xcomp	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	hill	hill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	after	after	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	snow	snow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
10	fell	fall	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | past | We |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7 «NP V S-Quote»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **sledge** | gerund | We *not said here* |  |  | the hill |  |  | vn vehicle-51.4.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **fall** | past | the snow |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Sit on the sledge feet first.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:sledge:x5:1
# text = Sit on the sledge feet first.
1	Sit	sit	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	on	on	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	sledge	sledge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	feet	foot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obl	_	_
6	first	first	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	1	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sit** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  | the sledge feet |  | first *property* | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on foot=Location |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The huskies pulled the sledge across the ice.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:sledge:x6:1
# text = The huskies pulled the sledge across the ice.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	huskies	husky	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	pulled	pull	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	sledge	sledge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	across	across	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	ice	ice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pull** | past | the huskies | the sledge |  | the ice |  |  | vn push-12-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sledge=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Make sure no trees or roads are at the bottom of the sledge run.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:sledge:x7:1
# text = Make sure no trees or roads are at the bottom of the sledge run.
1	Make	make	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	sure	sure	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	xcomp	_	_
3	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	4	det	_	_
4	trees	tree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nsubj	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	roads	road	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	_
7	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
8	at	at	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	bottom	bottom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	ccomp	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	sledge	sledge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	_
14	run	run	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | sure *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |
| 2 | **is** | present | no trees or roads |  |  | the bottom |  | of the sledge run | tree rules |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The sledge slid fast because snow has little friction.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:sledge:x8:1
# text = The sledge slid fast because snow has little friction.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	sledge	sledge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	slid	slide	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	fast	fast	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	3	advmod	_	_
5	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
6	snow	snow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	ccomp	_	_
8	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	friction	friction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **slide** | past | the sledge |  |  |  |  | fast *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **have** | present | snow | little friction |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent friction=Patient |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My sister and I shared a red plastic sledge.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:sledge:x9:1
# text = My sister and I shared a red plastic sledge.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	sister	sister	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	conj	_	_
5	shared	share	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
7	red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
8	plastic	plastic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	sledge	sledge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **share** | past | My sister | a red plastic sledge |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 10 {#x10}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Explorers used sledges to cross Antarctica.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:sledge:x10:1
# text = Explorers used sledges to cross Antarctica.
1	Explorers	explorer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	used	use	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	sledges	sledge	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	cross	cross	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
6	Antarctica	Antarctica	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | past | Explorers | sledges |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sledge=Patient |
| 2 | **cross** | to-infinitive | Explorers *not said here* | Antarctica |  |  |  |  | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent antarctica=Patient |

## Example 11 {#x11}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The cricketer was told off for sledging the batsman.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:sledge:x11:1
# text = The cricketer was told off for sledging the batsman.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cricketer	cricketer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	told	tell	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	off	off	ADP	RP	_	4	compound:prt	_	_
6	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
7	sledging	sledge	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	advcl	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	batsman	batsman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tell off** *speech: assert* | past · passive |  | the cricketer |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient |
| 2 | **sledge** | gerund |  | the batsman |  |  |  |  | vn vehicle-51.4.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent batsman=Theme |

## Example 12 {#x12}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Well, the firewood was cut up and piled on the sledge.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:sledge:x12:1
# text = Well, the firewood was cut up and piled on the sledge.
1	Well	well	INTJ	UH	_	6	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	firewood	firewood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
5	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux:pass	_	_
6	cut	cut	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
7	up	up	ADP	RP	_	6	compound:prt	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	piled	pile	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	conj	_	_
10	on	on	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	sledge	sledge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cut up** | past · passive |  | the firewood |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product |
| 2 | **pile** | participle |  |  |  | the sledge |  |  | vn spray-9.7-1-1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme on sledge=Destination |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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