---
title: sorrowful — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «sorrowful» in the Judaism dictionary: Feeling or showing great sadness. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# sorrowful

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Hannah, I, puppy, we, She, It · **What happens:** feel, show, cause, answer, say, be · **To what, where:** great sadness, sadness, woman, wine, soul, sorrowful look · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«sorrowful» in the Judaism dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [sorrowful in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/sorrowful.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Feeling or showing great sadness.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:sorrowful:m1:1
# text = Feeling or showing great sadness.
1	Feeling	feel	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
2	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	showing	show	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	1	conj	_	_
4	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	sadness	sadness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **feel** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |
| 2 | **show** | gerund |  | great sadness |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent sadness=Recipient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Causing sadness.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:sorrowful:m2:1
# text = Causing sadness.
1	Causing	cause	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
2	sadness	sadness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cause** | gerund |  | sadness |  |  |  |  | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition sadness=Patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And Hannah answered and said: 'No, my lord, I am a woman of a sorrowful spirit; I have drunk neither wine nor strong drink, but I poured out my soul before the LORD. (Prophets 1SA.1.15, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* And Hannah answered and said: 'No, my lord, I am a woman of a sorrowful spirit; I have drunk neither wine nor strong drink, but I poured out my soul before the LORD.

<!-- fold The tree, 33 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:sorrowful:x1:1
# text = And Hannah answered and said: 'No, my lord, I am a woman of a sorrowful spirit; I have drunk neither wine nor strong drink, but I poured out my soul before the LORD.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	Hannah	Hannah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	answered	answer	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
7	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	No	no	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Neg	11	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	lord	lord	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
13	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
14	am	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	cop	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	woman	woman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	appos	_	_
17	of	of	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
18	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
19	sorrowful	sorrowful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
20	spirit	spirit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	24	punct	_	_
22	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	24	nsubj	_	_
23	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	24	aux	_	_
24	drunk	drink	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	3	ccomp	_	_
25	neither	neither	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	26	det	_	_
26	wine	wine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obj	_	_
27	nor	nor	CCONJ	CC	Polarity=Neg	29	cc	_	_
28	strong	strong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	29	amod	_	_
29	drink	drink	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	33	punct	_	_
31	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	33	cc	_	_
32	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	33	nsubj	_	_
33	poured	pour	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
34	out	out	ADP	RP	_	33	compound:prt	_	_
35	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	36	nmod:poss	_	_
36	soul	soul	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	33	obj	_	_
37	before	before	ADP	IN	_	39	case	_	_
38	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	39	det	_	_
39	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	33	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
40	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **answer** *speech: assert* | past | Hannah |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Hannah *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **is a** | present | I | a woman |  |  |  | of a sorrowful spirit | tree rules |
| 4 | **drink** | present · perfect | I | neither wine nor strong drink |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wine=Patient |
| 5 | **pour out** | past | I | my soul |  |  | before the LORD |  | vn preparing-26.3-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent soul=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Prophets 1SA.1.15, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:sorrowful:x1:2
# text = (Prophets 1SA.1.15, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Prophets	prophet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	1SA.1.15	1SA.1.15	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod:unmarked	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The puppy gave a sorrowful look when we left.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:sorrowful:x2:1
# text = The puppy gave a sorrowful look when we left.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	puppy	puppy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	sorrowful	sorrowful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	look	look	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	9	advmod	_	_
8	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	left	leave	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | past | the puppy | a sorrowful look |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent look=Theme |
| 2 | **leave** | past | we |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She sang a sorrowful song about a lost love.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:sorrowful:x3:1
# text = She sang a sorrowful song about a lost love.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	sang	sing	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	sorrowful	sorrowful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	song	song	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	about	about	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	lost	lose	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	amod	_	_
9	love	love	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sing** *speech: express* | past | She | a sorrowful song |  |  |  | about a lost love | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location song=Theme |
| 2 | **lose** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It was a sorrowful day when our school closed.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:sorrowful:x4:1
# text = It was a sorrowful day when our school closed.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	sorrowful	sorrowful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	9	mark	_	_
7	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj:pass	_	_
9	closed	close	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | It | a sorrowful day |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **close** | participle · passive |  | our school |  |  |  |  | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He shook his head sorrowfully.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:sorrowful:x5:1
# text = He shook his head sorrowfully.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	shook	shake	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	sorrowfully	sorrowfully	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **shake** | past | He | his head |  |  |  | sorrowfully *property* | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent head=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The sorrowful music made Mum cry.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:sorrowful:x6:1
# text = The sorrowful music made Mum cry.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	sorrowful	sorrowful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	music	music	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	Mum	Mum	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
6	cry	cry	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | the sorrowful music | Mum |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **cry** *speech: express* | infinitive | Mum *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Catholics pray the Sorrowful Mysteries of the rosary.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:sorrowful:x7:1
# text = Catholics pray the Sorrowful Mysteries of the rosary.
1	Catholics	Catholic	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	pray	pray	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	Sorrowful	Sorrowful	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	Mysteries	Mystery	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	rosary	rosary	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pray** | present | Catholics | the Sorrowful Mysteries of the rosary |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
‘Alas!’ sighed the youth, ‘I am very sorrowful.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:sorrowful:x8:1
# text = ‘Alas!’ sighed the youth, ‘I am very sorrowful.
1	‘	'	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Alas	alas	INTJ	UH	_	5	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	’	'	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
5	sighed	sigh	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	youth	youth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
9	‘	'	PUNCT	``	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
11	am	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	cop	_	_
12	very	very	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
13	sorrowful	sorrowful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sigh** | past |  | the youth |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent youth=Topic |
| 2 | **is** | present | I |  |  |  |  | sorrowful *property* | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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