---
title: speaking — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «speaking» in the Judaism dictionary: Speaking is the -ing form of «speak», which means to say words, to talk. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/judaism/S/speaking/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [dictionaries](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/) / [Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/judaism/) / [S](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/judaism/S/) / speaking

# speaking

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** ing form, words, skill, speaking, Moses, end · **What happens:** speak, be, mean, say, talk, use · **To what, where:** ing form, skill, language, end, words, veil · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«speaking» in the Judaism dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 14 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [speaking in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/speaking.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Speaking is the -ing form of «speak», which means to say words, to talk.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:speaking:m1:1
# text = Speaking is the -ing form of «speak», which means to say words, to talk.
1	Speaking	speak	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
4	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	ing	ing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	form	form	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
8	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	speak	speak	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	13	nsubj	_	_
13	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	parataxis	_	_
14	to	to	PART	TO	_	15	mark	_	_
15	say	say	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	xcomp	_	_
16	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
18	to	to	PART	TO	_	19	mark	_	_
19	talk	talk	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	15	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **speak** *speech: other* | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is a** | present |  | the ing form |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **speak** *speech: other* *in a quote* | infinitive | the ing form *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **mean** | present | the ing form |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 5 | **say** *speech: assert* *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | words |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 6 | **talk** | to-infinitive | words *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Speaking is the skill of talking, especially to a group (public speaking).

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:speaking:m2:1
# text = Speaking is the skill of talking, especially to a group (public speaking).
1	Speaking	speak	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	skill	skill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
6	talking	talk	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
8	especially	especially	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
9	to	to	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	group	group	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
12	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	public	public	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	speaking	speaking	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **speak** *speech: other* | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is a** | present |  | the skill |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **talk** | gerund | the skill *not said here* |  |  |  |  | to a group | vn talk-37.5 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent to group=Co-Agent |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
-speaking means using a language, as in an English-speaking country.

<!-- fold The tree, 11 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:speaking:m3:1
# text = -speaking means using a language, as in an English-speaking country.
1	-	-	PUNCT	NFP	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	speaking	speaking	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	using	use	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	xcomp	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
8	as	as	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
10	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
11	English	English	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	speaking	speak	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	14	amod	_	_
14	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | speaking |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **use** *not said to happen* | gerund | speaking *not said here* | a language |  |  |  | as a speaking country | vn spend\_time-104 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Agent language=Duration as country=Attribute |
| 3 | **speak** *speech: other* | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And when Moses made an end of speaking all these words to all Israel, (Torah DEU.32.45, JPS 1917)

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:speaking:x1:1
# text = And when Moses made an end of speaking all these words to all Israel, (Torah DEU.32.45, JPS 1917)
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
2	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	4	advmod	_	_
3	Moses	Moses	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	end	end	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
8	speaking	speak	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	acl	_	_
9	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	11	det:predet	_	_
10	these	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	11	det	_	_
11	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	_
12	to	to	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	14	det	_	_
14	Israel	Israel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
16	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	compound	_	_
18	DEU.32.45	DEU.32.45	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
20	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	flat	_	_
21	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	18	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | Moses | a end |  |  |  | Torah DEU.32.45 *obl* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent end=Product |
| 2 | **speak** *speech: other* | gerund | a end *not said here* | all words |  |  |  | to all Israel | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And when Moses had done speaking with them, he put a veil on his face. (Torah EXO.34.33, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* And when Moses had done speaking with them, he put a veil on his face.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:speaking:x2:1
# text = And when Moses had done speaking with them, he put a veil on his face.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
2	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	5	advmod	_	_
3	Moses	Moses	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	done	do	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	11	advcl	_	_
6	speaking	speak	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	xcomp	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
10	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
11	put	put	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	veil	veil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	_
14	on	on	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	16	nmod:poss	_	_
16	face	face	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | past · perfect | Moses |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **speak** *speech: other* | gerund | Moses *not said here* |  |  |  |  | with them *= they* | vn talk-37.5 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent with they=Co-Agent |
| 3 | **put** | past | Moses | a veil |  | Moses's face |  |  | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: agent=Agent veil=Theme on face=Destination |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Torah EXO.34.33, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:speaking:x2:2
# text = (Torah EXO.34.33, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	EXO.34.33	EXO.34.33	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
While he was yet speaking with them, Rachel came with her father's sheep; for she tended them. (Torah GEN.29.9, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* While he was yet speaking with them, Rachel came with her father's sheep; for she tended them.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:speaking:x3:1
# text = While he was yet speaking with them, Rachel came with her father's sheep; for she tended them.
1	While	while	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
2	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	yet	yet	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	speaking	speak	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	10	advcl	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
9	Rachel	Rachel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
10	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	with	with	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
12	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	father	father	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	's	's	PART	POS	_	13	case	_	_
15	sheep	sheep	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	19	punct	_	_
17	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	19	mark	_	_
18	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	nsubj	_	_
19	tended	tend	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	conj	_	_
20	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **speak** *speech: other* | past · progressive | he |  |  |  | yet | with them *= they* | vn talk-37.5 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent with they=Co-Agent |
| 2 | **come** | past | Rachel |  |  |  |  | with Rachel's father's sheep | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **tend** | past | Rachel | sheep |  |  |  |  | vn caring-75.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Torah GEN.29.9, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:speaking:x3:2
# text = (Torah GEN.29.9, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	GEN.29.9	GEN.29.9	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
But who can withhold himself from speaking? (Writings JOB.4.2, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* But who can withhold himself from speaking?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:speaking:x4:1
# text = But who can withhold himself from speaking?
1	But	but	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
2	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	4	nsubj	_	_
3	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	withhold	withhold	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	himself	himself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	4	obj	_	_
6	from	from	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
7	speaking	speak	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **withhold** | can |  | himself *= he* |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **speak** *speech: other* | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings JOB.4.2, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:speaking:x4:2
# text = (Writings JOB.4.2, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	JOB.4.2	JOB.4.2	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Keep thy tongue from evil, and thy lips from speaking guile. (Writings PSA.34.14, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Keep thy tongue from evil, and thy lips from speaking guile.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:speaking:x5:1
# text = Keep thy tongue from evil, and thy lips from speaking guile.
1	Keep	keep	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	tongue	tongue	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	from	from	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	evil	evil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
8	thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	lips	lip	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obl	_	_
10	from	from	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
11	speaking	speak	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	1	advcl	_	_
12	guile	guile	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | imperative | you *not said here* | thy tongue |  | evil |  | thy lips *obl* | vn forbid-64.4 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Causer tongue=Beneficiary from evil=Eventuality |
| 2 | **speak** *speech: other* | gerund | you *not said here* | guile |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings PSA.34.14, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:speaking:x5:2
# text = (Writings PSA.34.14, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	PSA.34.14	PSA.34.14	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Thou lovest evil more than good; falsehood rather than speaking righteousness. (Writings PSA.52.5, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Thou lovest evil more than good; falsehood rather than speaking righteousness.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:speaking:x6:1
# text = Thou lovest evil more than good; falsehood rather than speaking righteousness.
1	Thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	2	nsubj	_	_
2	lovest	love	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	evil	evil	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	obj	_	_
4	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	3	obj	_	_
5	than	than	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	falsehood	falsehood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
9	rather	rather	ADV	RB	ExtPos=CCONJ	11	compound	_	_
10	than	than	ADP	IN	_	9	fixed	_	_
11	speaking	speak	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	12	amod	_	_
12	righteousness	righteousness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **love** | present | Thou | evil |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **speak** *speech: other* | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings PSA.52.5, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:speaking:x6:2
# text = (Writings PSA.52.5, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	PSA.52.5	PSA.52.5	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She is speaking to the class about her trip.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:speaking:x7:1
# text = She is speaking to the class about her trip.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	speaking	speak	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	class	class	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	about	about	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	trip	trip	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **speak** *speech: other* | present · progressive | She |  |  |  |  | to the class about her trip | vn talk-37.5 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent to class=Co-Agent |
| 2 | **trip** |  | her *= she* |  |  |  |  |  | nom trip «act transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Please wait until I've finished speaking.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:speaking:x8:1
# text = Please wait until I've finished speaking.
1	Please	please	INTJ	UH	_	2	discourse	_	_
2	wait	wait	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
3	until	until	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
4	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	've	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
6	finished	finish	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
7	speaking	speak	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wait** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **finish** | present · perfect | I |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality |
| 3 | **speak** *speech: other* | gerund | I *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Speaking in front of people can be scary.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:speaking:x9:1
# text = Speaking in front of people can be scary.
1	Speaking	speak	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	8	csubj	_	_
2	in	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	front	front	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	_
6	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
7	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	cop	_	_
8	scary	scary	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **speak** *speech: other* | gerund |  |  |  | front of people |  |  | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | can | Speaking |  |  |  |  | scary *property* | tree rules |

## Example 10 {#x10}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Can I talk to Sam?» «Speaking!»

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* «Can I talk to Sam?»

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:speaking:x10:1
# text = «Can I talk to Sam?»
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	talk	talk	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Sam	Sam	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **talk** *in a quote* | can | I |  | Sam |  |  |  | vn talk-37.5 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent to sam=Co-Agent |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* «Speaking!»

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:speaking:x10:2
# text = «Speaking!»
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Speaking	speak	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **speak** *speech: other* *in a quote* | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 11 {#x11}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Canada is an English- and French-speaking country.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:speaking:x11:1
# text = Canada is an English- and French-speaking country.
1	Canada	Canada	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
3	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
4	English	English	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	4	punct	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
7	French	French	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	speaking	speak	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	10	amod	_	_
10	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **speak** *speech: other* | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is a** | present | Canada | a speaking country |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 12 {#x12}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Generally speaking, cats sleep a lot.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:speaking:x12:1
# text = Generally speaking, cats sleep a lot.
1	Generally	generally	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	speaking	speak	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
4	cats	cat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
5	sleep	sleep	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	lot	lot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **speak** *speech: other* | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | generally *property* | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **sleep** | present | cats | a lot |  |  |  |  | vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lot=Theme |

## Example 13 {#x13}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We practised our speaking skills in a debate.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:speaking:x13:1
# text = We practised our speaking skills in a debate.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	practised	practise	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
4	speaking	speaking	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	skills	skill	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	debate	debate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **practise** | past | We | our speaking skills |  | a debate |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 14 {#x14}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
“Nibs is speaking with his mouth full.”

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:speaking:x14:1
# text = “Nibs is speaking with his mouth full.”
1	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Nibs	nib	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	speaking	speak	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	mouth	mouth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	full	full	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **speak** *speech: other* *in a quote* | present · progressive | Nibs |  |  |  |  | with his mouth | vn talk-37.5 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent with mouth=Co-Agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [speaker](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/judaism/S/speaker/)
- next →: [spear](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/judaism/S/spear/)
- ↑ back to [S in Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/judaism/S/)