---
title: species — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «species» in the Judaism dictionary: A group of living things that are alike and can breed together to have young that can also have young. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# species

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** living things, young, Lions, Twelfth Path, Path, issues · **What happens:** be, breed, have, call, name, see · **To what, where:** young, one species, Intelligence, apparitions, prophecies, endangered species · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«species» in the Judaism dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [species in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/species.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A group of living things that are alike and can breed together to have young that can also have young.

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:species:m1:1
# text = A group of living things that are alike and can breed together to have young that can also have young.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	group	group	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	living	living	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
6	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
7	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
8	alike	alike	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	acl:relcl	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
10	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	_
11	breed	breed	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	conj	_	_
12	together	together	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
13	to	to	PART	TO	_	14	mark	_	_
14	have	have	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	xcomp	_	_
15	young	young	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obj	_	_
16	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	19	nsubj	_	_
17	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	19	aux	_	_
18	also	also	ADV	RB	_	19	advmod	_	_
19	have	have	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	15	acl:relcl	_	_
20	young	young	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | living things |  |  |  |  | alike *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **breed** | can | living things *not said here* |  |  |  |  | together *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **have** | to-infinitive | living things *not said here* | young |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent young=Patient |
| 4 | **have** | can | young |  |  |  |  | young *property* | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Lions are one species, tigers another.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:species:m1e:1
# text = Lions are one species, tigers another.
1	Lions	lion	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	species	species	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
6	tigers	tiger	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	_
7	another	another	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	6	det	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Lions | one species and another tigers |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: informal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A kind or sort.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:species:m2:1
# text = A kind or sort.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	kind	kind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	sort	sort	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Twelfth Path is the Intelligence of Transparency, because it is that species of Magnificence., called CHAZCHAZIT, which is named the place whence issues the vision of those seeing in apparitions. (That is, the prophecies by seers in a vision.) (Sefer Yetzirah, Westcott 1887)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* The Twelfth Path is the Intelligence of Transparency, because it is that species of Magnificence., called CHAZCHAZIT, which is named the place whence issues the vision of those seeing in apparitions.

<!-- fold The tree, 31 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:species:x1:1
# text = The Twelfth Path is the Intelligence of Transparency, because it is that species of Magnificence., called CHAZCHAZIT, which is named the place whence issues the vision of those seeing in apparitions.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	Twelfth	twelfth	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	Path	Path	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	Intelligence	Intelligence	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	Transparency	Transparency	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
10	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	14	mark	_	_
11	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
12	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	cop	_	_
13	that	that	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	species	species	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	conj	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	Magnificence	Magnificence	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
19	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	acl:relcl	_	_
20	CHAZCHAZIT	CHAZCHAZIT	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
22	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	24	nsubj:pass	_	_
23	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	24	aux:pass	_	_
24	named	name	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	parataxis	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obj	_	_
27	whence	whence	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	24	conj	_	_
28	issues	issue	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	27	nsubj	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
30	vision	vision	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	appos	_	_
31	of	of	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
32	those	that	PRON	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	30	nmod	_	_
33	seeing	see	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	28	acl	_	_
34	in	in	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
35	apparitions	apparition	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	33	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the Twelfth Path | the Intelligence and species |  |  |  | of Transparency | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present | Path |  |  |  |  | that species; of Magnificence | tree rules |
| 3 | **call** | participle |  | the Intelligence and species *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **name** | present · passive |  | the Intelligence and species |  |  |  |  | vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP NP»: subject=Theme place=Attribute |
| 5 | **see** | gerund | issues *not said here* |  |  | apparitions |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (That is, the prophecies by seers in a vision.)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:species:x1:2
# text = (That is, the prophecies by seers in a vision.)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	That	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	prophecies	prophecy	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
7	by	by	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	seers	seer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	vision	vision	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | That | the prophecies |  |  |  | by seers in a vision | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 3:* (Sefer Yetzirah, Westcott 1887)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:species:x1:3
# text = (Sefer Yetzirah, Westcott 1887)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Sefer	Sefer	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	Yetzirah	Yetzirah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	Westcott	Westcott	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
6	1887	1887	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The giant panda is an endangered species.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:species:x2:1
# text = The giant panda is an endangered species.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	giant	giant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	panda	panda	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
5	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	endangered	endangered	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	species	species	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the giant panda | a endangered species |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Scientists find new species every year.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:species:x3:1
# text = Scientists find new species every year.
1	Scientists	scientist	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	find	find	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	species	species	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	6	det	_	_
6	year	year	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **find** | present | Scientists | new species |  |  | year |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent species=Topic |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
There are many species of bird in the park.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:species:x4:1
# text = There are many species of bird in the park.
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	2	expl	_	_
2	are	be	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	species	species	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	bird	bird	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	park	park	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **does** | present | many species of bird in the park |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The dodo is an extinct species.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:species:x5:1
# text = The dodo is an extinct species.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	dodo	dodo	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	extinct	extinct	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	species	species	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the dodo | a extinct species |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Humans belong to the species Homo sapiens.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:species:x6:1
# text = Humans belong to the species Homo sapiens.
1	Humans	human	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	belong	belong	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	species	species	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
6	Homo	Homo	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	sapiens	sapien	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **belong** | present | Humans |  |  |  |  | to the species and Homo sapiens | vn attend-107.4-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The zoo has 8 species of reptile and 5 of amphibian — 13 species in all.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:species:x7:1
# text = The zoo has 8 species of reptile and 5 of amphibian — 13 species in all.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	zoo	zoo	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	8	8	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	species	species	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	reptile	reptile	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	5	5	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	conj	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	amphibian	amphibian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	nmod	_	_
12	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	14	punct	_	_
13	13	13	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	14	nummod	_	_
14	species	species	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	conj	_	_
15	in	in	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	14	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | the zoo | 8 species of reptile and 13 species in all |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent species=Patient |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They belong to the goose species, one can see that by their walk.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:species:x8:1
# text = They belong to the goose species, one can see that by their walk.
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	belong	belong	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	goose	goose	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	species	species	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	one	one	PRON	PRP	Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
9	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
10	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	acl:relcl	_	_
11	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	10	obj	_	_
12	by	by	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	14	nmod:poss	_	_
14	walk	walk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **belong** | present | They |  |  |  |  | to the goose species | vn attend-107.4-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **see** | can | one | the goose species |  |  |  | by species's walk | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer that=Stimulus |
| 3 | **walk** |  | species |  |  |  |  |  | nom walk «act transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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