---
title: spoke — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «spoke» in the Judaism dictionary: Spoke is the past form of «speak»: «She spoke to the teacher.». Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# spoke

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Spoke, She, thin bars, God, Cain, LORD · **What happens:** be, speak, join, say, fail, speak up · **To what, where:** past form, one, middle, Torah GEN.8.15, brother, Torah EXO.6.10 · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«spoke» in the Judaism dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 13 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [spoke in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/spoke.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Spoke is the past form of «speak»: «She spoke to the teacher.».

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:spoke:m1:1
# text = Spoke is the past form of «speak»: «She spoke to the teacher.».
1	Spoke	spoke	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	past	past	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	form	form	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	speak	speak	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	13	punct	_	_
11	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
13	spoke	speak	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	parataxis	_	_
14	to	to	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Spoke | the past form |  |  |  | of speak | tree rules |
| 2 | **speak** *speech: other* *in a quote* | past | She |  |  |  |  | to the teacher | vn talk-37.5 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent to teacher=Co-Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A spoke is one of the thin bars or wires that join the middle (hub) of a wheel to its rim, as on a bike.

<!-- fold The tree, 25 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:spoke:m2:1
# text = A spoke is one of the thin bars or wires that join the middle (hub) of a wheel to its rim, as on a bike.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	spoke	speak	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	thin	thin	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	bars	bar	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	wires	wire	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	conj	_	_
11	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	12	nsubj	_	_
12	join	join	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	acl:relcl	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	middle	middle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	_
15	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	hub	hub	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	16	punct	_	_
18	of	of	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	wheel	wheel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nmod	_	_
21	to	to	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	23	nmod:poss	_	_
23	rim	rim	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
25	as	as	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
26	on	on	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
27	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
28	bike	bike	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past |  | a one and hub of a wheel to wheel's rim and a bike |  |  |  | of the thin bars or wires | tree rules |
| 2 | **join** | present | the thin bars or wires | the middle |  |  |  |  | vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent middle=Patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And God spoke unto Noah, saying: (Torah GEN.8.15, JPS 1917)

<!-- fold The tree, 10 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:spoke:x1:1
# text = And God spoke unto Noah, saying: (Torah GEN.8.15, JPS 1917)
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	God	God	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	spoke	speak	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	Noah	Noah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	saying	say	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
9	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	GEN.8.15	GEN.8.15	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
13	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	flat	_	_
14	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	11	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	11	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **speak** *speech: other* | past | God |  |  |  |  | unto Noah | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | gerund | God *not said here* | Torah GEN.8.15 |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent gen.8.15=Topic |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And Cain spoke unto Abel his brother. (Torah GEN.4.8, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* And Cain spoke unto Abel his brother.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:spoke:x2:1
# text = And Cain spoke unto Abel his brother.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	Cain	Cain	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	spoke	speak	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	Abel	Abel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
6	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	brother	brother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **speak** *speech: other* | past | Cain | Cain's brother |  |  |  | unto Abel | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Torah GEN.4.8, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:spoke:x2:2
# text = (Torah GEN.4.8, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	GEN.4.8	GEN.4.8	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And the LORD spoke unto Moses, saying: (Torah EXO.6.10, JPS 1917)

<!-- fold The tree, 11 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:spoke:x3:1
# text = And the LORD spoke unto Moses, saying: (Torah EXO.6.10, JPS 1917)
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	spoke	speak	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Moses	Moses	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	saying	say	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
10	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
12	EXO.6.10	EXO.6.10	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
14	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	flat	_	_
15	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	12	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	12	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **speak** *speech: other* | past | the LORD |  |  |  |  | unto Moses | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | gerund | the LORD *not said here* | Torah EXO.6.10 |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent exo.6.10=Topic |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And the LORD spoke unto Joshua, saying: (Prophets JOS.4.15, JPS 1917)

<!-- fold The tree, 11 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:spoke:x4:1
# text = And the LORD spoke unto Joshua, saying: (Prophets JOS.4.15, JPS 1917)
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	spoke	speak	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Joshua	Joshua	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	saying	say	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
10	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	Prophets	prophet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
12	JOS.4.15	JOS.4.15	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
14	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	flat	_	_
15	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	12	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	12	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **speak** *speech: other* | past | the LORD | Prophets |  |  |  | unto Joshua | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | gerund | the LORD *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My soul failed me when he spoke. (Writings SNG.5.6, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* My soul failed me when he spoke.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:spoke:x5:1
# text = My soul failed me when he spoke.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	soul	soul	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	failed	fail	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	obj	_	_
5	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	7	advmod	_	_
6	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	spoke	speak	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fail** | past | My soul | me |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent i=Eventuality |
| 2 | **speak** *speech: other* | past | soul |  |  |  |  |  | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings SNG.5.6, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:spoke:x5:2
# text = (Writings SNG.5.6, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	SNG.5.6	SNG.5.6	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And the LORD spoke again unto Ahaz, saying: (Prophets ISA.7.10, JPS 1917)

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:spoke:x6:1
# text = And the LORD spoke again unto Ahaz, saying: (Prophets ISA.7.10, JPS 1917)
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	spoke	speak	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	again	again	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
6	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Ahaz	Ahaz	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	saying	say	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
11	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	Prophets	prophet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obj	_	_
13	ISA.7.10	ISA.7.10	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
15	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	flat	_	_
16	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	13	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	13	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **speak** *speech: other* | past | the LORD |  |  |  | again | unto Ahaz | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | gerund | the LORD *not said here* | Prophets |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent prophet=Topic |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She spoke very quietly.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:spoke:x7:1
# text = She spoke very quietly.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	spoke	speak	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	very	very	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	quietly	quietly	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **speak** *speech: other* | past | She |  |  |  |  | quietly *property* | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I spoke to my teacher about the problem.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:spoke:x8:1
# text = I spoke to my teacher about the problem.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	spoke	speak	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	about	about	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	problem	problem	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **speak** *speech: other* | past | I |  |  |  |  | to my teacher; about the problem | vn talk-37.5 «NP V PP.co-agent PP.topic»: agent=Agent to teacher=Co-Agent about problem=Topic |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He finally spoke up for his friend.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:spoke:x9:1
# text = He finally spoke up for his friend.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	finally	finally	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	spoke	speak	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	up	up	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	friend	friend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **speak up** *speech: other* | past | He |  |  |  |  | for his friend; finally *property* | vn lecture-37.11-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 10 {#x10}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
One spoke on my bike wheel is broken.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:spoke:x10:1
# text = One spoke on my bike wheel is broken.
1	One	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	2	nsubj	_	_
2	spoke	speak	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	on	on	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
4	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
5	bike	bike	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	wheel	wheel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj:pass	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux:pass	_	_
8	broken	break	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **speak** *speech: other* | past | One |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **break** | present · passive |  | my bike wheel |  |  |  |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |

## Example 11 {#x11}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The spokes of the wheel go from the centre to the edge.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:spoke:x11:1
# text = The spokes of the wheel go from the centre to the edge.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	spokes	spoke	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	wheel	wheel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	go	go	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	from	from	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	centre	centre	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
10	to	to	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	edge	edge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | infinitive | the spokes of the wheel |  |  | the centre |  | to the edge | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location PP.destination»: agent=Theme from centre=Initial\_Location to edge=Destination |

## Example 12 {#x12}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We put beads on the spokes so they clicked when we rode.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:spoke:x12:1
# text = We put beads on the spokes so they clicked when we rode.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	put	put	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	beads	bead	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	spokes	spoke	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
7	so	so	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
8	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	clicked	click	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	advcl	_	_
10	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	12	advmod	_	_
11	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
12	rode	ride	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **put** | past | We | beads |  | the spokes |  |  | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: agent=Agent bead=Theme on spoke=Destination |
| 2 | **click** | past | beads *= bead* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **ride** | past | we |  |  |  |  |  | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 13 {#x13}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He spoke for a long time.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:spoke:x13:1
# text = He spoke for a long time.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	spoke	speak	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **speak** *speech: other* | past | He |  |  |  | time |  | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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