---
title: stamp — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «stamp» in the Judaism dictionary: A stamp is a small piece of paper with glue that you stick on a letter before posting it, to show the postage is paid. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# stamp

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** stamp, you, tool, mark, God, air · **What happens:** be, stick, post, show, pay, print · **To what, where:** small piece, that, letter, stamp, postage, tool · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«stamp» in the Judaism dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 13 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [stamp in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/stamp.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A stamp is a small piece of paper with glue that you stick on a letter before posting it, to show the postage is paid.

<!-- fold The tree, 25 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:stamp:m1:1
# text = A stamp is a small piece of paper with glue that you stick on a letter before posting it, to show the postage is paid.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	stamp	stamp	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	piece	piece	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	paper	paper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
9	with	with	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	glue	glue	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
11	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	13	obj	_	_
12	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
13	stick	stick	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	parataxis	_	_
14	on	on	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	letter	letter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
17	before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	18	mark	_	_
18	posting	post	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	13	advcl	_	_
19	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
21	to	to	PART	TO	_	22	mark	_	_
22	show	show	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	13	parataxis	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	postage	postage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	nsubj:pass	_	_
25	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	26	aux:pass	_	_
26	paid	pay	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	22	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a stamp | a small piece |  |  |  | of paper with glue | tree rules |
| 2 | **stick** | present | you | that |  | a letter |  |  | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent that=Theme on letter=Destination |
| 3 | **post** | gerund | you *not said here* | stamp |  |  |  |  | vn send-11.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme |
| 4 | **show** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 5 | **pay** | present · passive |  | the postage |  |  |  |  | vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Asset |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A stamp is a tool that prints a mark or picture with ink, or the mark it makes.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:stamp:m2:1
# text = A stamp is a tool that prints a mark or picture with ink, or the mark it makes.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	stamp	stamp	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	tool	tool	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
7	prints	print	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	mark	mark	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	picture	picture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	_
12	with	with	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	ink	ink	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
15	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	mark	mark	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nsubj	_	_
18	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	nsubj	_	_
19	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a stamp | a tool |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **print** | present | a tool | a mark or picture |  |  |  | with ink | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mark=Theme |
| 3 | **make** | present | the mark |  |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To stamp is to put your foot down hard and loudly: stamp your feet.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:stamp:m3:1
# text = To stamp is to put your foot down hard and loudly: stamp your feet.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	stamp	stamp	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	cop	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	put	put	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
6	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	foot	foot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	down	down	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
9	hard	hard	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	5	advmod	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	loudly	loudly	ADV	RB	_	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	13	punct	_	_
13	stamp	stamp	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
14	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	15	nmod:poss	_	_
15	feet	foot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | stamp *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **put down** | to-infinitive |  | your foot |  |  |  | down, hard *property* | vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent foot=Goal |
| 3 | **stamp** | infinitive |  | your feet |  |  |  |  | vn image\_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent foot=Destination |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To stamp something is to press a mark on it.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:stamp:m4:1
# text = To stamp something is to press a mark on it.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	stamp	stamp	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	advcl	_	_
3	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	press	press	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	mark	mark	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	on	on	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stamp** | to-infinitive |  | something |  |  |  |  | vn image\_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent something=Destination |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  | mark |  | press *property* | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
God has carried these through waters, He has borne them aloft through fire, and He has stamped them in the storms of the air; He has distributed them among the seven stars, and has assigned them to twelve celestial constellations. (Sefer Yetzirah, Westcott 1887)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* God has carried these through waters, He has borne them aloft through fire, and He has stamped them in the storms of the air; He has distributed them among the seven stars, and has assigned them to twelve celestial constellations.

<!-- fold The tree, 40 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:stamp:x1:1
# text = God has carried these through waters, He has borne them aloft through fire, and He has stamped them in the storms of the air; He has distributed them among the seven stars, and has assigned them to twelve celestial constellations.
1	God	God	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	carried	carry	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	these	this	PRON	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	3	obj	_	_
5	through	through	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	waters	water	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
9	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
10	borne	bear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	3	conj	_	_
11	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	obj	_	_
12	aloft	aloft	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	xcomp	_	_
13	through	through	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
17	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	nsubj	_	_
18	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	19	aux	_	_
19	stamped	stamp	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	3	conj	_	_
20	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	obj	_	_
21	in	in	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	storms	storm	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	obl	_	_
24	of	of	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	30	punct	_	_
28	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	30	nsubj	_	_
29	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	30	aux	_	_
30	distributed	distribute	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	3	conj	_	_
31	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	30	obj	_	_
32	among	among	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
33	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	35	det	_	_
34	seven	seven	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	35	nummod	_	_
35	stars	star	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	30	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	39	punct	_	_
37	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	39	cc	_	_
38	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	39	aux	_	_
39	assigned	assign	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	30	conj	_	_
40	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	39	obj	_	_
41	to	to	ADP	IN	_	44	case	_	_
42	twelve	twelve	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	44	nummod	_	_
43	celestial	celestial	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	44	compound	_	_
44	constellations	constellation	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	39	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
45	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **carry** | present · perfect · passive |  | God |  | waters |  |  | vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP NP»: subject=Beneficiary this=Value |
| 2 | **bear** | present · perfect | God | waters *= water* |  | fire |  | aloft *property* | vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Patient |
| 3 | **stamp** | present · perfect | God | waters *= water* |  | the storms of the air |  |  | vn image\_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.theme PP.destination»: agent=Agent they=Theme in storm=Destination |
| 4 | **distribute** | present · perfect | God | waters *= water* |  |  |  | among the seven stars | vn contribute-13.2-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent they=Theme among star=Recipient |
| 5 | **assign** | present · perfect | God *not said here* | waters *= water* |  |  |  | to twelve celestial constellations *goal* | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP PP.goal»: agent=Agent they=Theme to constellation=Goal |
| 6 | **storm** |  | the air |  |  |  |  |  | nom storm «phenomenon intransitive»: of=agent |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Sefer Yetzirah, Westcott 1887)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:stamp:x1:2
# text = (Sefer Yetzirah, Westcott 1887)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Sefer	Sefer	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	Yetzirah	Yetzirah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	Westcott	Westcott	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
6	1887	1887	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Then did the horsehoofs stamp by reason of the prancings, the prancings of their mighty ones. (Prophets JDG.5.22, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Then did the horsehoofs stamp by reason of the prancings, the prancings of their mighty ones.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:stamp:x2:1
# text = Then did the horsehoofs stamp by reason of the prancings, the prancings of their mighty ones.
1	Then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	5	advmod	_	_
2	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	horsehoofs	horsehoof	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
5	stamp	stamp	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	reason	reason	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	prancings	prancing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	prancings	prancing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	conj	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
15	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	17	nmod:poss	_	_
16	mighty	mighty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	ones	one	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stamp** | past · do-support | the horsehoofs |  |  |  | then | by reason of the prancings and the prancings of horsehoofs's mighty ones | vn image\_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.theme PP.destination»: agent=Agent by reason=Destination |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Prophets JDG.5.22, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:stamp:x2:2
# text = (Prophets JDG.5.22, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Prophets	prophet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	JDG.5.22	JDG.5.22	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
For every boot stamped with fierceness, and every cloak rolled in blood, shall even be for burning, for fuel of fire. (Prophets ISA.9.4, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* For every boot stamped with fierceness, and every cloak rolled in blood, shall even be for burning, for fuel of fire.

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:stamp:x3:1
# text = For every boot stamped with fierceness, and every cloak rolled in blood, shall even be for burning, for fuel of fire.
1	For	for	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	3	det	_	_
3	boot	boot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obl	_	_
4	stamped	stamp	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	fierceness	fierceness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
9	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	10	det	_	_
10	cloak	cloak	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
11	rolled	roll	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	acl	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	blood	blood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
15	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	19	aux	_	_
16	even	even	ADV	RB	_	19	advmod	_	_
17	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	19	cop	_	_
18	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	19	mark	_	_
19	burning	burn	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
21	for	for	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	fuel	fuel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obl	_	_
23	of	of	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
24	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	19	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stamp** | participle |  | every boot and every cloak *not said here* |  |  |  | with fierceness | vn image\_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.destination PP.theme»: agent=Agent with fierceness=Theme |
| 2 | **roll** | participle |  | every cloak *not said here* |  | blood |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in blood=Trajectory |
| 3 | **is** | shall |  |  |  |  |  | for every boot and every cloak; for fuel of fire; burn *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Prophets ISA.9.4, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:stamp:x3:2
# text = (Prophets ISA.9.4, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Prophets	prophet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	ISA.9.4	ISA.9.4	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Then did I beat them small as the dust of the earth, I did stamp them as the mire of the streets, and did tread them down. (Prophets 2SA.22.43, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Then did I beat them small as the dust of the earth, I did stamp them as the mire of the streets, and did tread them down.

<!-- fold The tree, 27 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:stamp:x4:1
# text = Then did I beat them small as the dust of the earth, I did stamp them as the mire of the streets, and did tread them down.
1	Then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	4	advmod	_	_
2	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	beat	beat	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	obj	_	_
6	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	xcomp	_	_
7	as	as	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	dust	dust	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	earth	earth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
14	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
15	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	16	aux	_	_
16	stamp	stamp	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	conj	_	_
17	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	obj	_	_
18	as	as	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	mire	mire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	_
21	of	of	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	streets	street	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
25	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
26	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	27	aux	_	_
27	tread	tread	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	16	conj	_	_
28	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	27	obj	_	_
29	down	down	ADP	RP	_	27	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **beat** | past · do-support | I | them *= they* |  |  | then | small *property* | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location they=Theme |
| 2 | **stamp** | past · do-support | I | them *= they* |  |  |  | as the mire of the streets | vn characterize-29.2 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent they=Theme as mire=Attribute |
| 3 | **tread down** | past · do-support | I *not said here* | streets *= street* |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Initial\_Location they=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Prophets 2SA.22.43, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:stamp:x4:2
# text = (Prophets 2SA.22.43, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Prophets	prophet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	2SA.22.43	2SA.22.43	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod:unmarked	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
There are 4 stamps on the table and 10 stamps in the box.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:stamp:x5:1
# text = There are 4 stamps on the table and 10 stamps in the box.
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	2	expl	_	_
2	are	be	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	4	4	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	stamps	stamp	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	table	table	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
9	10	10	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	10	nummod	_	_
10	stamps	stamp	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	box	box	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **does** | present | 4 stamps on the table and 10 stamps |  |  | the box; there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in box=Location |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Sam keeps 3 stamps and gives the rest to Mia.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:stamp:x6:1
# text = Sam keeps 3 stamps and gives the rest to Mia.
1	Sam	Sam	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	keeps	keep	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	3	3	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	stamps	stamp	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	gives	give	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	rest	rest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	to	to	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	Mia	Mia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | present | Sam | 3 stamps |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent stamp=Theme |
| 2 | **give** | present | Sam *not said here* | the rest | Mia |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent rest=Theme to mia=Recipient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A stamp costs 5 cents.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:stamp:x7:1
# text = A stamp costs 5 cents.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	stamp	stamp	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	costs	cost	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	5	5	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	cents	cent	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cost** | present | a stamp | 5 cents |  |  |  |  | vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme cent=Value |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Put a stamp on the envelope before you post it.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:stamp:x8:1
# text = Put a stamp on the envelope before you post it.
1	Put	put	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	stamp	stamp	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	envelope	envelope	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
7	before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
8	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	post	post	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	advcl	_	_
10	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **put** | imperative | you *not said here* | a stamp |  | the envelope |  |  | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: agent=Agent stamp=Theme on envelope=Destination |
| 2 | **post** | present | you | stamp |  |  |  |  | vn send-11.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Grandpa collects stamps from many countries.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:stamp:x9:1
# text = Grandpa collects stamps from many countries.
1	Grandpa	Grandpa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	collects	collect	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	stamps	stamp	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	from	from	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	countries	country	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **collect** | present | Grandpa | stamps |  | many countries |  |  | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent stamp=Theme from country=Source |

## Example 10 {#x10}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The teacher stamped a star on my work.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:stamp:x10:1
# text = The teacher stamped a star on my work.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	stamped	stamp	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	star	star	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	work	work	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stamp** | past | the teacher | a star |  | my work |  |  | vn image\_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.theme PP.destination»: agent=Agent star=Theme on work=Destination |
| 2 | **work** |  | my |  |  |  |  |  | nom work «act intransitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 11 {#x11}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The little boy stamped his feet in the puddle.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:stamp:x11:1
# text = The little boy stamped his feet in the puddle.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	boy	boy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	stamped	stamp	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	feet	foot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	puddle	puddle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stamp** | past | the little boy | boy's feet |  | the puddle |  |  | vn image\_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.theme PP.destination»: agent=Agent foot=Theme in puddle=Destination |

## Example 12 {#x12}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Stamp your feet to keep warm.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:stamp:x12:1
# text = Stamp your feet to keep warm.
1	Stamp	stamp	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	feet	foot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	keep	keep	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	advcl	_	_
6	warm	warm	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stamp** | imperative | you *not said here* | your feet |  |  |  |  | vn image\_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent foot=Destination |
| 2 | **keep** | to-infinitive | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | warm *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

## Example 13 {#x13}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Rama, the King of the Buffaloes, stamped with his foot.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:stamp:x13:1
# text = Rama, the King of the Buffaloes, stamped with his foot.
1	Rama	rama	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	King	King	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	appos	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	Buffaloes	Buffalo	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
9	stamped	stamp	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	with	with	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	foot	foot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stamp** | past | Rama |  |  |  |  | with Rama's foot | vn image\_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.destination PP.theme»: agent=Agent with foot=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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