---
title: stiff — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «stiff» in the Judaism dictionary: Stiff means hard and not easy to bend or move. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# stiff

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Stiff, body, Stiff behaviour, Bored, I, ye · **What happens:** mean, bend, move, be, hurt, not be · **To what, where:** muscles, difficult, stubborn, way, rebellion, He · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«stiff» in the Judaism dictionary: its 6 meanings for a pupil and its 12 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [stiff in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/stiff.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Stiff means hard and not easy to bend or move.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:stiff:m1:1
# text = Stiff means hard and not easy to bend or move.
1	Stiff	stiff	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	xcomp	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
5	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	6	advmod	_	_
6	easy	easy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	conj	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	bend	bend	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	csubj	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	move	move	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Stiff |  |  |  |  | hard *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **bend** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **move** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
If your body is stiff, your muscles or joints hurt and are hard to move.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:stiff:m2:1
# text = If your body is stiff, your muscles or joints hurt and are hard to move.
1	If	if	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
2	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	stiff	stiff	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	muscles	muscle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	joints	joint	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	conj	_	_
11	hurt	hurt	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	acl	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
13	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	cop	_	_
14	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	conj	_	_
15	to	to	PART	TO	_	16	mark	_	_
16	move	move	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | your body |  |  |  |  | your muscles or joints *obl*; stiff *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **hurt** | participle |  | your muscles or joints *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |
| 3 | **is** | present | your body *not said here* |  |  |  |  | hard *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **move** | to-infinitive | your body *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Stiff means difficult or strong, like a stiff test or a stiff wind.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:stiff:m3:1
# text = Stiff means difficult or strong, like a stiff test or a stiff wind.
1	Stiff	stiff	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	difficult	difficult	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	obj	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	strong	strong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
7	like	like	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	stiff	stiff	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	test	test	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	parataxis	_	_
11	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	stiff	stiff	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	wind	wind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Stiff | difficult |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent difficult=Topic |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Stiff behaviour is too formal and not friendly or relaxed.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:stiff:m4:1
# text = Stiff behaviour is too formal and not friendly or relaxed.
1	Stiff	stiff	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	behaviour	behaviour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	too	too	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	formal	formal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
7	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	8	advmod	_	_
8	friendly	friendly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	conj	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	relaxed	relaxed	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Stiff behaviour |  |  |  |  | formal *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **not** **be** |  | Stiff behaviour *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **be** |  | Stiff behaviour *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Meaning 5 {#m5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Bored stiff or scared stiff means very bored or very scared.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:stiff:m5:1
# text = Bored stiff or scared stiff means very bored or very scared.
1	Bored	bored	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	nsubj	_	_
2	stiff	stiff	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	conj	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	scared	scared	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	conj	_	_
5	stiff	stiff	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	conj	_	_
6	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	very	very	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	bored	bored	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	xcomp	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
10	very	very	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
11	scared	scared	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Bored |  |  |  |  | bored *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 6 {#m6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Stiff can also mean stubborn and refusing to give way.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:stiff:m6:1
# text = Stiff can also mean stubborn and refusing to give way.
1	Stiff	stiff	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	also	also	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	mean	mean	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	stubborn	stubborn	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	obj	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	refusing	refuse	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	5	conj	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	give	give	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	xcomp	_	_
10	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | can | Stiff | stubborn |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent stubborn=Topic |
| 2 | **refuse** | gerund | Stiff *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn reject-77.2 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 3 | **not** **give** | to-infinitive | Stiff *not said here* | way |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent way=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
For I know thy rebellion, and thy stiff neck; behold, while I am yet alive with you this day, ye have been rebellious against the LORD; and how much more after my death? (Torah DEU.31.27, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* For I know thy rebellion, and thy stiff neck; behold, while I am yet alive with you this day, ye have been rebellious against the LORD; and how much more after my death?

<!-- fold The tree, 33 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:stiff:x1:1
# text = For I know thy rebellion, and thy stiff neck; behold, while I am yet alive with you this day, ye have been rebellious against the LORD; and how much more after my death?
1	For	for	SCONJ	IN	_	3	mark	_	_
2	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	know	know	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	27	advcl	_	_
4	thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	rebellion	rebellion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
8	thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	10	nmod:poss	_	_
9	stiff	stiff	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	neck	neck	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
12	behold	behold	INTJ	UH	_	3	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
14	while	while	SCONJ	IN	_	18	mark	_	_
15	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	18	nsubj	_	_
16	am	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	18	cop	_	_
17	yet	yet	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	_
18	alive	alive	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	conj	_	_
19	with	with	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	18	obl	_	_
21	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	22	det	_	_
22	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
24	ye	ye	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	27	nsubj	_	_
25	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	27	aux	_	_
26	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	27	cop	_	_
27	rebellious	rebellious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
28	against	against	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
30	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	27	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	38	punct	_	_
32	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	34	cc	_	_
33	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	34	advmod	_	_
34	much	much	ADV	RB	_	35	advmod	_	_
35	more	more	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	38	advmod	_	_
36	after	after	ADP	IN	_	38	case	_	_
37	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	38	nmod:poss	_	_
38	death	death	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
39	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	27	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **know** | present | I | thy rebellion and thy stiff neck |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer rebellion=Stimulus |
| 2 | **is** | present | I |  |  |  | yet; day | with you; alive *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **is** | present · perfect | ye |  |  |  |  | against the LORD; rebellious *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **rebel** |  | thy |  |  |  |  |  | nom rebellion «act intransitive»: poss=agent |
| 5 | **die** |  | my |  |  |  |  |  | nom death «event intransitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Torah DEU.31.27, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:stiff:x1:2
# text = (Torah DEU.31.27, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	DEU.31.27	DEU.31.27	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He runneth upon him with a stiff neck, with the thick bosses of his bucklers. (Writings JOB.15.26, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* He runneth upon him with a stiff neck, with the thick bosses of his bucklers.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:stiff:x2:1
# text = He runneth upon him with a stiff neck, with the thick bosses of his bucklers.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	runneth	run	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	obl	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	stiff	stiff	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	neck	neck	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
10	with	with	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	thick	thick	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	bosses	boss	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	16	nmod:poss	_	_
16	bucklers	buckler	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **run** | present | He |  |  |  |  | upon him *= he*; with a stiff neck; with the thick bosses of his bucklers | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme upon he=Trajectory |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings JOB.15.26, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:stiff:x2:2
# text = (Writings JOB.15.26, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	JOB.15.26	JOB.15.26	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He is chastened also with pain upon his bed, and all his bones grow stiff; (Writings JOB.33.19, JPS 1917)

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:stiff:x3:1
# text = He is chastened also with pain upon his bed, and all his bones grow stiff; (Writings JOB.33.19, JPS 1917)
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	chastened	chasten	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	also	also	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	pain	pain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	bed	bed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
12	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	14	det:predet	_	_
13	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	14	nmod:poss	_	_
14	bones	bone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	nsubj	_	_
15	grow	grow	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
16	stiff	stiff	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
18	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
20	JOB.33.19	JOB.33.19	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
22	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	flat	_	_
23	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	20	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	19	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **chasten** | present · passive |  | He |  |  |  | with pain upon his bed; Writings *obl* | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 2 | **grow** | present | his bones |  |  |  |  | stiff *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
yet they hearkened not unto Me, nor inclined their ear, but made their neck stiff; they did worse than their fathers. (Prophets JER.7.26, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* yet they hearkened not unto Me, nor inclined their ear, but made their neck stiff; they did worse than their fathers.

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:stiff:x4:1
# text = yet they hearkened not unto Me, nor inclined their ear, but made their neck stiff; they did worse than their fathers.
1	yet	yet	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	hearkened	hearken	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	3	advmod	_	_
5	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Me	Me	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	nor	nor	CCONJ	CC	Polarity=Neg	9	cc	_	_
9	inclined	incline	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
10	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	ear	ear	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
13	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	conj	_	_
15	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	16	nmod:poss	_	_
16	neck	neck	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obj	_	_
17	stiff	stiff	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	20	punct	_	_
19	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	20	nsubj	_	_
20	did	do	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
21	worse	bad	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	20	xcomp	_	_
22	than	than	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	24	nmod:poss	_	_
24	fathers	father	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **hearken** | past | they |  |  |  |  | unto Me | tree rules |
| 2 | **incline** | past |  | their ear |  |  |  |  | vn addict-96 «NP V NP PP.Theme»: agent=Agent ear=Patient |
| 3 | **make** | past |  | their neck |  |  |  | stiff *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset neck=Product |
| 4 | **do** | past | they |  |  |  |  | bad *property* | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Prophets JER.7.26, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:stiff:x4:2
# text = (Prophets JER.7.26, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Prophets	prophet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	JER.7.26	JER.7.26	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The new shoes are stiff and hurt my feet.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:stiff:x5:1
# text = The new shoes are stiff and hurt my feet.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	shoes	shoe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
4	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	stiff	stiff	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	hurt	hurt	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
8	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	feet	foot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the new shoes |  |  |  |  | stiff *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **hurt** | past | the new shoes *not said here* | my feet |  |  |  |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer foot=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My legs were stiff after the long walk.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:stiff:x6:1
# text = My legs were stiff after the long walk.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	legs	leg	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	stiff	stiff	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	after	after	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	walk	walk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | My legs |  |  |  | after the long walk | stiff *property* | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Cardboard is stiffer than paper.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:stiff:x7:1
# text = Cardboard is stiffer than paper.
1	Cardboard	cardboard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	stiffer	stiff	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	0	root	_	_
4	than	than	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	paper	paper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Cardboard |  |  |  |  | than paper; stiff *property* | tree rules |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I woke up with a stiff neck.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:stiff:x8:1
# text = I woke up with a stiff neck.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	woke	wake	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	up	up	ADP	RP	_	2	compound:prt	_	_
4	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	stiff	stiff	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	neck	neck	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wake up** | past | I |  |  |  |  | with a stiff neck | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent with neck=Instrument |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A stiff wind blew across the field.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:stiff:x9:1
# text = A stiff wind blew across the field.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	stiff	stiff	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	wind	wind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	blew	blow	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	across	across	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	field	field	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **blow** | past | a stiff wind |  |  | the field |  |  | vn split-23.2 «NP V apart»: agent=Patient |

## Example 10 {#x10}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The test was stiff, but I passed.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:stiff:x10:1
# text = The test was stiff, but I passed.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	test	test	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	stiff	stiff	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
6	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
7	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	passed	pass	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the test |  |  |  |  | stiff *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **pass** | past | I |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 11 {#x11}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I was scared stiff during the film.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:stiff:x11:1
# text = I was scared stiff during the film.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	scared	scared	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	stiff	stiff	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	during	during	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	film	film	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | I |  |  |  | during the film | stiff *property* | tree rules |

## Example 12 {#x12}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Who's a gwine fer ter stan' stiff-kneed en bol'.

<!-- fold The tree, 11 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:stiff:x12:1
# text = Who's a gwine fer ter stan' stiff-kneed en bol'.
1	Who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	5	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	gwine	gwine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	fer	fer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	ter	ter	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	stan	Stan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	13	punct	_	_
9	stiff	stiff	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	kneed	knee	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	13	amod	_	_
12	en	en	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	compound	_	_
13	bol	bol	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present |  | a gwine fer |  |  |  | ter stan | tree rules |
| 2 | **knee** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn spank-18.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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- ↑ back to [S in Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/judaism/S/)