---
title: stiffen — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «stiffen» in the Judaism dictionary: To stiffen is to become hard, firm or difficult to bend. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

<!-- md -->
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# stiffen

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** person, body, he, Nebuchadnezzar, you, egg · **What happens:** stiffen, be, bend, go, mean, turn · **To what, where:** fear, something, stone, Nebuchadnezzar, neck, heart · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«stiffen» in the Judaism dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [stiffen in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/stiffen.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To stiffen is to become hard, firm or difficult to bend.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:stiffen:m1:1
# text = To stiffen is to become hard, firm or difficult to bend.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	stiffen	stiffen	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	csubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	become	become	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	firm	firm	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	conj	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	difficult	difficult	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	conj	_	_
11	to	to	PART	TO	_	12	mark	_	_
12	bend	bend	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stiffen** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | become, hard *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **bend** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
When a person or animal stiffens, their body suddenly goes tense and still, often from fear or anger.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:stiffen:m2:1
# text = When a person or animal stiffens, their body suddenly goes tense and still, often from fear or anger.
1	When	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	6	mark	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	animal	animal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	stiffens	stiffen	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
8	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
10	suddenly	suddenly	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
11	goes	go	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
12	tense	tense	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	xcomp	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	still	still	ADV	RB	_	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
16	often	often	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	_
17	from	from	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	fear	fear	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
19	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
20	anger	anger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stiffen** | present | a person or animal |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **go** | present | person's body |  |  | fear or anger |  | suddenly, tense *property* | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme from fear=Initial\_Location |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To stiffen something is to make it firmer or stronger.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:stiffen:m3:1
# text = To stiffen something is to make it firmer or stronger.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	stiffen	stiffen	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	csubj	_	_
3	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
7	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	obj	_	_
8	firmer	firm	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	6	xcomp	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	stronger	strong	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stiffen** | to-infinitive |  | something |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent something=Patient |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | firm, make *property* | tree rules |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To stiffen can also mean to turn into stone.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:stiffen:m4:1
# text = To stiffen can also mean to turn into stone.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	stiffen	stiffen	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	csubj	_	_
3	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	also	also	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	mean	mean	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	turn	turn	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	xcomp	_	_
8	into	into	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	stone	stone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stiffen** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **mean** | can |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **turn** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  |  |  | stone |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme into stone=Trajectory |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And he also rebelled against king Nebuchadnezzar, who had made him swear by God; but he stiffened his neck, and hardened his heart from turning unto the LORD, the God of Israel. (Writings 2CH.36.13, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* And he also rebelled against king Nebuchadnezzar, who had made him swear by God; but he stiffened his neck, and hardened his heart from turning unto the LORD, the God of Israel.

<!-- fold The tree, 32 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:stiffen:x1:1
# text = And he also rebelled against king Nebuchadnezzar, who had made him swear by God; but he stiffened his neck, and hardened his heart from turning unto the LORD, the God of Israel.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
2	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
3	also	also	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	rebelled	rebel	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	against	against	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod:desc	_	_
7	Nebuchadnezzar	Nebuchadnezzar	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	11	nsubj	_	_
10	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	_
11	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	7	acl	_	_
12	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	obj	_	_
13	swear	swear	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	xcomp	_	_
14	by	by	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	God	God	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
17	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
18	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	nsubj	_	_
19	stiffened	stiffen	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
20	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	21	nmod:poss	_	_
21	neck	neck	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
23	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
24	hardened	harden	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	19	conj	_	_
25	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	26	nmod:poss	_	_
26	heart	heart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obj	_	_
27	from	from	SCONJ	IN	_	28	mark	_	_
28	turning	turn	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	24	advcl	_	_
29	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
30	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
31	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	28	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	34	punct	_	_
33	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	34	det	_	_
34	God	God	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	31	appos	_	_
35	of	of	ADP	IN	_	36	case	_	_
36	Israel	Israel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	34	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
37	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rebel** | past | he |  |  |  |  | against Nebuchadnezzar  king | vn rebel-71.2-1 «NP V PP.maleficiary»: agent=Agent against nebuchadnezzar=Maleficiary |
| 2 | **make** | past · perfect | Nebuchadnezzar  king | Nebuchadnezzar |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **swear** | infinitive | Nebuchadnezzar *not said here* |  |  |  |  | by God | vn conjecture-29.5 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **stiffen** | past | Nebuchadnezzar | Nebuchadnezzar's neck |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent neck=Patient |
| 5 | **harden** | past | Nebuchadnezzar *not said here* | Nebuchadnezzar's heart |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent heart=Patient |
| 6 | **turn** | gerund | Nebuchadnezzar *not said here* |  |  |  |  | unto the LORD | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings 2CH.36.13, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:stiffen:x1:2
# text = (Writings 2CH.36.13, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	2CH.36.13	2CH.36.13	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod:unmarked	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Whisk the egg whites until they stiffen.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:stiffen:x2:1
# text = Whisk the egg whites until they stiffen.
1	Whisk	whisk	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	egg	egg	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	whites	white	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	acl:relcl	_	_
5	until	until	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
6	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	stiffen	stiffen	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **whisk** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn shake-22.3-1-1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **white** | present | the egg |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **stiffen** | present | they |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My legs stiffened after the long walk.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:stiffen:x3:1
# text = My legs stiffened after the long walk.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	legs	leg	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	stiffened	stiffen	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	after	after	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	walk	walk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stiffen** | participle · passive |  | My legs |  |  | after the long walk |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The dog stiffened when it heard a noise.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:stiffen:x4:1
# text = The dog stiffened when it heard a noise.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	dog	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	stiffened	stiffen	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	6	advmod	_	_
5	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	heard	hear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	noise	noise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stiffen** | past | the dog |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **hear** | past | dog | a noise |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer noise=Stimulus |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She stiffened when the stranger spoke to her.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:stiffen:x5:1
# text = She stiffened when the stranger spoke to her.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	stiffened	stiffen	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	6	advmod	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	stranger	stranger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	spoke	speak	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	advcl	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	her	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stiffen** | past | She |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **speak** *speech: other* | past | the stranger |  | her *= she* |  |  |  | vn talk-37.5 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent to she=Co-Agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Starch is used to stiffen collars.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:stiffen:x6:1
# text = Starch is used to stiffen collars.
1	Starch	starch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	stiffen	stiffen	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	collars	collar	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | present · passive |  | Starch |  |  |  |  | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: subject=Theme clause=Eventuality |
| 2 | **stiffen** | to-infinitive |  | collars |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent collar=Patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The clay stiffens as it dries.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:stiffen:x7:1
# text = The clay stiffens as it dries.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	clay	clay	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	stiffens	stiffen	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
5	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	dries	dry	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stiffen** | present | the clay |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **dry** | present | clay |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Stretch after running so your muscles don't stiffen.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:stiffen:x8:1
# text = Stretch after running so your muscles don't stiffen.
1	Stretch	stretch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
2	after	after	SCONJ	IN	_	3	mark	_	_
3	running	run	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	1	acl	_	_
4	so	so	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
5	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	muscles	muscle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj	_	_
7	do	do	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	9	advmod	_	_
9	stiffen	stiffen	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **run** | gerund | Stretch *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **not** **stiffen** | present · do-support | your muscles |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Calling to his friends to avert their faces, he drew it from his wallet, and held it before Phineus and his formidable body-guard, whereupon they all stiffened into stone.

<!-- fold The tree, 30 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:stiffen:x9:1
# text = Calling to his friends to avert their faces, he drew it from his wallet, and held it before Phineus and his formidable body-guard, whereupon they all stiffened into stone.
1	Calling	call	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	11	advcl	_	_
2	to	to	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	friends	friend	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obl	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	avert	avert	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	advcl	_	_
7	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	faces	face	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
10	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
11	drew	draw	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
12	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	obj	_	_
13	from	from	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	15	nmod:poss	_	_
15	wallet	wallet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	held	hold	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	conj	_	_
19	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	obj	_	_
20	before	before	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	Phineus	Phineus	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
23	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	27	nmod:poss	_	_
24	formidable	formidable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	27	amod	_	_
25	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	25	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	guard	guard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	32	punct	_	_
29	whereupon	whereupon	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	32	advmod	_	_
30	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	32	nsubj	_	_
31	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	32	nsubj:pass	_	_
32	stiffened	stiffen	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	21	acl:relcl	_	_
33	into	into	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
34	stone	stone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **call** | gerund | he *not said here* |  | his friends |  |  |  | vn animal\_sounds-38 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent to friend=Recipient |
| 2 | **avert** | to-infinitive | he *not said here* | friends's faces |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **draw** | past | he | it |  | his wallet |  |  | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP PP.initial\_location»: agent=Agent it=Theme from wallet=Initial\_Location |
| 4 | **hold** | past | he *not said here* | wallet |  | Phineus and his formidable body guard |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent it=Theme before phineus=Location |
| 5 | **stiffen** | participle · passive |  | faces *= face* |  | stone |  | whereupon *property* | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient |

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**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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