---
title: straiten — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «straiten» in the Judaism dictionary: To straiten is to make someone poorer or to limit what they have. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# straiten

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** they, straitened circumstances, thou, enemies, own counsel, breath · **What happens:** straiten, be, limit, have, mean, eat · **To what, where:** little money, fruit, LORD, thee, spirit, steps · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«straiten» in the Judaism dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 10 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [straiten in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/straiten.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To straiten is to make someone poorer or to limit what they have.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:straiten:m1:1
# text = To straiten is to make someone poorer or to limit what they have.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	straiten	straiten	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	csubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	5	obj	_	_
7	poorer	poor	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	5	xcomp	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	limit	limit	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	conj	_	_
11	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	10	obj	_	_
12	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
13	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **straiten** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | make, poor *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **limit** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn limit-76 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer what=Patient |
| 4 | **have** | present | they |  |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: old — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To straiten is to make something narrow or tight.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:straiten:m2:1
# text = To straiten is to make something narrow or tight.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	straiten	straiten	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	csubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	5	obj	_	_
7	narrow	narrow	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	tight	tight	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **straiten** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | make *property* | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«In straitened circumstances» (formal) means having very little money.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:straiten:m3:1
# text = «In straitened circumstances» (formal) means having very little money.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	In	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	straitened	straiten	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	amod	_	_
4	circumstances	circumstance	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
6	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	formal	formal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	7	punct	_	_
9	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	having	have	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	9	ccomp	_	_
11	very	very	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
12	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	money	money	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **straiten** *in a quote* | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **mean** | present | straitened circumstances |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **have** | gerund |  | little money |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent money=Patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And thou shalt eat the fruit of thine own body, the flesh of thy sons and of thy daughters whom the LORD thy God hath given thee; in the siege and in the straitness, wherewith thine enemies shall straiten thee. (Torah DEU.28.53, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* And thou shalt eat the fruit of thine own body, the flesh of thy sons and of thy daughters whom the LORD thy God hath given thee; in the siege and in the straitness, wherewith thine enemies shall straiten thee.

<!-- fold The tree, 40 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:straiten:x1:1
# text = And thou shalt eat the fruit of thine own body, the flesh of thy sons and of thy daughters whom the LORD thy God hath given thee; in the siege and in the straitness, wherewith thine enemies shall straiten thee.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
2	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	4	nsubj	_	_
3	shalt	shall	AUX	MD	Style=Arch|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	eat	eat	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	fruit	fruit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	thine	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	10	nmod:poss	_	_
9	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	flesh	flesh	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	16	nmod:poss	_	_
16	sons	son	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nmod	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
18	of	of	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	20	nmod:poss	_	_
20	daughters	daughter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	conj	_	_
21	whom	whom	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	27	obl	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	27	nsubj:pass	_	_
24	thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	25	nmod:poss	_	_
25	God	God	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	23	appos	_	_
26	hath	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	27	aux:pass	_	_
27	given	give	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	16	acl	_	_
28	thee	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	27	iobj	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	32	punct	_	_
30	in	in	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
31	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
32	siege	siege	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	parataxis	_	_
33	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	36	cc	_	_
34	in	in	ADP	IN	_	36	case	_	_
35	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	36	det	_	_
36	straitness	straitness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
37	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	42	punct	_	_
38	wherewith	wherewith	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	42	advmod	_	_
39	thine	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	40	nmod:poss	_	_
40	enemies	enemy	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	42	nsubj	_	_
41	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	42	aux	_	_
42	straiten	straiten	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	32	parataxis	_	_
43	thee	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	42	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
44	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **eat** | shall | thou | the fruit of thine own body |  |  |  | the flesh of thy sons and thy daughters *obl* | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fruit=Patient |
| 2 | **give** | present · passive |  | the LORD | thee |  |  | thy sons and thy daughters *obl* | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: subject=Recipient thou=Theme |
| 3 | **straiten** | shall | thine enemies | thee |  |  |  | wherewith *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Torah DEU.28.53, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:straiten:x1:2
# text = (Torah DEU.28.53, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	DEU.28.53	DEU.28.53	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Is the spirit of the LORD straitened? (Prophets MIC.2.7, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Is the spirit of the LORD straitened?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:straiten:x2:1
# text = Is the spirit of the LORD straitened?
1	Is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	spirit	spirit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
7	straitened	straiten	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present |  | the spirit |  |  |  | of the LORD | tree rules |
| 2 | **straiten** | participle · passive |  | the spirit |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Prophets MIC.2.7, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:straiten:x2:2
# text = (Prophets MIC.2.7, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Prophets	prophet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	MIC.2.7	MIC.2.7	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The steps of his strength shall be straitened, and his own counsel shall cast him down. (Writings JOB.18.7, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* The steps of his strength shall be straitened, and his own counsel shall cast him down.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:straiten:x3:1
# text = The steps of his strength shall be straitened, and his own counsel shall cast him down.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	steps	step	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	strength	strength	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
7	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	aux:pass	_	_
8	straitened	straiten	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
11	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
12	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	counsel	counsel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nsubj	_	_
14	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	15	aux	_	_
15	cast	cast	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	conj	_	_
16	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	obj	_	_
17	down	down	ADP	RP	_	15	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **straiten** | shall · passive |  | the steps of his strength |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **cast down** | shall | his own counsel | him *= he* |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Product |
| 3 | **step** |  |  | his strength |  |  |  |  | nom step «act transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings JOB.18.7, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:straiten:x3:2
# text = (Writings JOB.18.7, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	JOB.18.7	JOB.18.7	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
By the breath of God ice is given, and the breadth of the waters is straitened. (Writings JOB.37.10, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* By the breath of God ice is given, and the breadth of the waters is straitened.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:straiten:x4:1
# text = By the breath of God ice is given, and the breadth of the waters is straitened.
1	By	by	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	breath	breath	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	God	God	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	ice	ice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux:pass	_	_
8	given	give	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	breadth	breadth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nsubj:pass	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	waters	water	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nmod	_	_
16	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	aux:pass	_	_
17	straitened	straiten	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | present · passive | the breath of God ice |  |  |  |  |  | vn break\_down-45.8 «NP V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **straiten** | present · passive |  | the breadth of the waters |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings JOB.37.10, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:straiten:x4:2
# text = (Writings JOB.37.10, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	JOB.37.10	JOB.37.10	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
After the factory closed, the family lived in straitened circumstances.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:straiten:x5:1
# text = After the factory closed, the family lived in straitened circumstances.
1	After	after	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	factory	factory	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
4	closed	close	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	family	family	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
8	lived	live	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	straitened	straiten	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	11	amod	_	_
11	circumstances	circumstance	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **close** | participle |  | the factory *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **live** | past | the family |  |  | straitened circumstances | after the factory |  | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in circumstance=Location |
| 3 | **straiten** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The village was straitened by the long winter.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:straiten:x6:1
# text = The village was straitened by the long winter.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	village	village	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	straitened	straiten	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	winter	winter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **straiten** | past · passive |  | the village |  |  | winter |  | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In straitened times, people mend their clothes instead of buying new ones.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:straiten:x7:1
# text = In straitened times, people mend their clothes instead of buying new ones.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	straitened	straiten	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	amod	_	_
3	times	time	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
6	mend	mend	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	clothes	clothes	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan	6	obj	_	_
9	instead	instead	ADV	RB	ExtPos=SCONJ	11	mark	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	fixed	_	_
11	buying	buy	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	6	advcl	_	_
12	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	ones	one	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **straiten** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **mend** | present | people | people's clothes |  |  | time |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **buy** | gerund | people *not said here* | new ones |  |  |  |  | vn accept-77.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent one=Theme |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The war straitened the whole country.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:straiten:x8:1
# text = The war straitened the whole country.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	war	war	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	straitened	straiten	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	whole	whole	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **straiten** | past | the war | the whole country |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The old story tells of a widow in straitened circumstances who shared her last loaf.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:straiten:x9:1
# text = The old story tells of a widow in straitened circumstances who shared her last loaf.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	story	story	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	tells	tell	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	widow	widow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	straitened	straiten	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	amod	_	_
10	circumstances	circumstance	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
11	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	12	nsubj	_	_
12	shared	share	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	acl:relcl	_	_
13	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	15	nmod:poss	_	_
14	last	last	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	loaf	loaf	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tell** *speech: assert* | present | the old story |  |  | straitened circumstances |  | of a widow | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **straiten** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **share** | past | straitened circumstances | story's last loaf |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 10 {#x10}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The school's straitened budget meant fewer trips.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:straiten:x10:1
# text = The school's straitened budget meant fewer trips.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	straitened	straiten	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	amod	_	_
5	budget	budget	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	meant	mean	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	fewer	few	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	8	amod	_	_
8	trips	trip	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **straiten** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **mean** | past | the school's straitened budget | fewer trips |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent trip=Topic |
| 3 | **budget** |  | the school |  |  |  |  |  | nom budget «possession intransitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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