---
title: strengthen — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «strengthen» in the Judaism dictionary: To strengthen something is to make it stronger. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# strengthen

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** one, son, Israel, you, Joshua, people · **What happens:** strengthen, be, tell, say, come, sit · **To what, where:** something, feeling, Jacob, Israel, bed, Joshua · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«strengthen» in the Judaism dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 14 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [strengthen in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/strengthen.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To strengthen something is to make it stronger.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:strengthen:m1:1
# text = To strengthen something is to make it stronger.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	strengthen	strengthen	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	csubj	_	_
3	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
7	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	obj	_	_
8	stronger	strong	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	6	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **strengthen** | to-infinitive |  | something |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent something=Patient |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | make, strong *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To strengthen is to become stronger.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:strengthen:m2:1
# text = To strengthen is to become stronger.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	strengthen	strengthen	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	csubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	become	become	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	stronger	strong	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	5	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **strengthen** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | become, strong *property* | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To strengthen a feeling, idea or friendship is to make it firmer or more certain.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:strengthen:m3:1
# text = To strengthen a feeling, idea or friendship is to make it firmer or more certain.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	strengthen	strengthen	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	advcl	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	feeling	feeling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
6	idea	idea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	friendship	friendship	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
9	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
10	to	to	PART	TO	_	11	mark	_	_
11	make	make	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
12	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	obj	_	_
13	firmer	firm	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	11	xcomp	_	_
14	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	13	conj	_	_
16	certain	certain	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **strengthen** | to-infinitive |  | a feeling or friendship |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent feeling=Patient |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | firm, make *property* | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And one told Jacob, and said: 'Behold, thy son Joseph cometh unto thee.' And Israel strengthened himself, and sat upon the bed. (Torah GEN.48.2, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* And one told Jacob, and said: 'Behold, thy son Joseph cometh unto thee.'

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:strengthen:x1:1
# text = And one told Jacob, and said: 'Behold, thy son Joseph cometh unto thee.'
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	3	nsubj	_	_
3	told	tell	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	Jacob	Jacob	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	iobj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	15	punct	_	_
9	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	Behold	behold	INTJ	UH	_	15	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
12	thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	son	son	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nsubj	_	_
14	Joseph	Joseph	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	appos	_	_
15	cometh	come	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
16	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	thee	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tell** *speech: assert* | past | one |  | Jacob |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent jacob=Recipient |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | one *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **come** | present | thy son |  |  |  |  | unto thee | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* And Israel strengthened himself, and sat upon the bed.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:strengthen:x1:2
# text = And Israel strengthened himself, and sat upon the bed.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	Israel	Israel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	strengthened	strengthen	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	himself	himself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	sat	sit	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
8	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	bed	bed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **strengthen** | past | Israel | Israel |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent himself=Patient |
| 2 | **sit** | past | Israel *not said here* |  |  | the bed |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent upon bed=Location |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 3:* (Torah GEN.48.2, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:strengthen:x1:3
# text = (Torah GEN.48.2, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	GEN.48.2	GEN.48.2	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
But charge Joshua, and encourage him, and strengthen him; for he shall go over before this people, and he shall cause them to inherit the land which thou shalt see.' (Torah DEU.3.28, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* But charge Joshua, and encourage him, and strengthen him; for he shall go over before this people, and he shall cause them to inherit the land which thou shalt see.'

<!-- fold The tree, 30 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:strengthen:x2:1
# text = But charge Joshua, and encourage him, and strengthen him; for he shall go over before this people, and he shall cause them to inherit the land which thou shalt see.'
1	But	but	CCONJ	CC	_	2	cc	_	_
2	charge	charge	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	Joshua	Joshua	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	encourage	encourage	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
7	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	strengthen	strengthen	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
11	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
13	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	16	mark	_	_
14	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
15	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	16	aux	_	_
16	go	go	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	conj	_	_
17	over	over	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
18	before	before	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	20	det	_	_
20	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
23	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	25	nsubj	_	_
24	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	25	aux	_	_
25	cause	cause	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
26	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	25	obj	_	_
27	to	to	PART	TO	_	28	mark	_	_
28	inherit	inherit	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	25	xcomp	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
30	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	obj	_	_
31	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	34	obj	_	_
32	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	34	nsubj	_	_
33	shalt	shall	AUX	MD	Style=Arch|VerbForm=Fin	34	aux	_	_
34	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	30	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **charge** | imperative | you *not said here* | Joshua |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Initial\_Location joshua=Theme |
| 2 | **encourage** | infinitive | you *not said here* | Joshua |  |  |  |  | vn accept-77.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Theme |
| 3 | **strengthen** | infinitive | you *not said here* | Joshua |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent he=Patient |
| 4 | **go over** | shall | Joshua |  |  |  | before this people | over *property* | vn occur-48.3-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme before people=Location |
| 5 | **cause** | shall | Joshua | people |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 6 | **inherit** | to-infinitive | people *not said here* | the land |  |  |  |  | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent land=Theme |
| 7 | **see** | shall | thou | the land |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer which=Stimulus |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Torah DEU.3.28, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:strengthen:x2:2
# text = (Torah DEU.3.28, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	DEU.3.28	DEU.3.28	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Strengthen ye the weak hands, and make firm the tottering knees. (Prophets ISA.35.3, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Strengthen ye the weak hands, and make firm the tottering knees.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:strengthen:x3:1
# text = Strengthen ye the weak hands, and make firm the tottering knees.
1	Strengthen	strengthen	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	ye	ye	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	1	obj	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	weak	weak	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	hands	hand	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	make	make	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	1	conj	_	_
9	firm	firm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	tottering	tottering	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
12	knees	knee	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **strengthen** | imperative | you *not said here* | ye |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **make** | infinitive | you *not said here* | firm |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP NP»: agent=Asset firm=Beneficiary knee=Product |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Prophets ISA.35.3, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:strengthen:x3:2
# text = (Prophets ISA.35.3, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Prophets	prophet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	ISA.35.3	ISA.35.3	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Behold, thou hast instructed many, and thou hast strengthened the weak hands. (Writings JOB.4.3, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Behold, thou hast instructed many, and thou hast strengthened the weak hands.

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:strengthen:x4:1
# text = Behold, thou hast instructed many, and thou hast strengthened the weak hands.
1	Behold	behold	INTJ	UH	_	5	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	hast	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	instructed	instruct	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
9	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	11	nsubj:pass	_	_
10	hast	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux:pass	_	_
11	strengthened	strengthen	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	parataxis	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	weak	weak	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	hands	hand	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **instruct** *speech: other* | present · passive |  | thou |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **strengthen** | present · passive |  | thou |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings JOB.4.3, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:strengthen:x4:2
# text = (Writings JOB.4.3, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	JOB.4.3	JOB.4.3	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And Jehoshaphat his son reigned in his stead, and strengthened himself against Israel. (Writings 2CH.17.1, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* And Jehoshaphat his son reigned in his stead, and strengthened himself against Israel.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:strengthen:x5:1
# text = And Jehoshaphat his son reigned in his stead, and strengthened himself against Israel.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
2	Jehoshaphat	Jehoshaphat	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
3	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	son	son	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	reigned	reign	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	stead	stead	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	strengthened	strengthen	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
12	himself	himself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	11	obj	_	_
13	against	against	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	Israel	Israel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **reign** | past | his Jehoshaphat son |  |  | son's stead |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **strengthen** | past | his Jehoshaphat son *not said here* | son |  |  |  | against Israel | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent himself=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings 2CH.17.1, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:strengthen:x5:2
# text = (Writings 2CH.17.1, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	2CH.17.1	2CH.17.1	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod:unmarked	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Swimming strengthens your arms and legs.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:strengthen:x6:1
# text = Swimming strengthens your arms and legs.
1	Swimming	swimming	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	strengthens	strengthen	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	arms	arm	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	legs	leg	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **strengthen** | present | Swimming | your arms and legs |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent arm=Patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We strengthened the paper bridge with triangles.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:strengthen:x7:1
# text = We strengthened the paper bridge with triangles.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	strengthened	strengthen	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	paper	paper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	bridge	bridge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	triangles	triangle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **strengthen** | past | We | the paper bridge |  |  |  | with triangles | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent bridge=Patient with triangle=Instrument |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The wind strengthened during the night.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:strengthen:x8:1
# text = The wind strengthened during the night.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	wind	wind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	strengthened	strengthen	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	during	during	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **strengthen** | participle |  | the wind *not said here* |  |  | night |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Working together strengthened our friendship.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:strengthen:x9:1
# text = Working together strengthened our friendship.
1	Working	work	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	csubj	_	_
2	together	together	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	_
3	strengthened	strengthen	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	friendship	friendship	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **work together** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | together *property* | vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **strengthen** | participle | Working | our friendship |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent friendship=Patient |

## Example 10 {#x10}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Milk helps to strengthen bones and teeth.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:strengthen:x10:1
# text = Milk helps to strengthen bones and teeth.
1	Milk	milk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	helps	help	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	PART	TO	_	4	mark	_	_
4	strengthen	strengthen	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
5	bones	bone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	teeth	tooth	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **help** | present | Milk |  |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 2 | **strengthen** | to-infinitive | Milk *not said here* | bones and teeth |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent bone=Patient |

## Example 11 {#x11}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The builders strengthened the old wall with steel bars.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:strengthen:x11:1
# text = The builders strengthened the old wall with steel bars.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	builders	builder	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	strengthened	strengthen	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	wall	wall	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	steel	steel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	bars	bar	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **strengthen** | past | the builders | the old wall |  |  |  | with steel bars | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent wall=Patient with bar=Instrument |

## Example 12 {#x12}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Her kind words strengthened my courage.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:strengthen:x12:1
# text = Her kind words strengthened my courage.
1	Her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	kind	kind	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	strengthened	strengthen	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	courage	courage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **strengthen** | past | Her kind words | my courage |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent courage=Patient |
| 2 | **word** |  | Her *= she* |  |  |  |  |  | nom word «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 13 {#x13}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The new evidence strengthened the detective's idea.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:strengthen:x13:1
# text = The new evidence strengthened the detective's idea.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	evidence	evidence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	strengthened	strengthen	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	detective	detective	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	's	's	PART	POS	_	6	case	_	_
8	idea	idea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **strengthen** | past | the new evidence | the detective's idea |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent idea=Patient |

## Example 14 {#x14}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
You must be needing something to strengthen you after that turn.’

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:strengthen:x14:1
# text = You must be needing something to strengthen you after that turn.’
1	You	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	aux	_	_
4	needing	need	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	4	obj	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	strengthen	strengthen	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	acl	_	_
8	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	7	obj	_	_
9	after	after	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	11	det	_	_
11	turn	turn	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	’	'	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **need** | must · progressive | You | something |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot something=Theme |
| 2 | **strengthen** | to-infinitive | You *not said here* | you |  |  | after that turn |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent you=Patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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