---
title: studying — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «studying» in the Judaism dictionary: Spending time learning about a subject by reading, practising or going to lessons. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# studying

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** time, He, Rabbi, I, my, sister · **What happens:** spend, learn, practise, go, look, understand · **To what, where:** lessons, it, map, entire eve, Sefer Yetzirah, old calf

<!-- .vabout -->
«studying» in the Judaism dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [studying in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/studying.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Spending time learning about a subject by reading, practising or going to lessons.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:studying:m1:1
# text = Spending time learning about a subject by reading, practising or going to lessons.
1	Spending	spend	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
2	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
3	learning	learn	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	acl	_	_
4	about	about	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	subject	subject	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	by	by	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	reading	reading	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	practising	practise	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	1	conj	_	_
11	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	going	go	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	1	conj	_	_
13	to	to	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	lessons	lesson	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **spend** | gerund |  |  |  |  | time |  | vn consume-66-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **learn** | gerund | time *not said here* |  |  |  |  | about a subject; by reading | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent about subject=Topic |
| 3 | **practise** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **go** | gerund |  |  |  | lessons |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to lesson=Initial\_Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Looking at something carefully to understand it.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:studying:m2:1
# text = Looking at something carefully to understand it.
1	Looking	look	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
2	at	at	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	1	obl	_	_
4	carefully	carefully	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	understand	understand	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	advcl	_	_
7	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **look** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | at something; carefully *property* | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent at something=Theme |
| 2 | **understand** | to-infinitive |  | it |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer it=Stimulus |

<!-- .note -->
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"He was studying the map."

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:studying:m2e:1
# text = "He was studying the map."
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	studying	study	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	map	map	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **study** *in a quote* | past · progressive | He | the map |  |  |  |  | vn learn-14-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent map=Topic |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Rabbi Hanina and Rabbi Oshaiah sat the entire eve of the Sabbath studying the Sefer Yetzirah and created a three-year old calf, and ate it' . . . (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Rabbi Hanina and Rabbi Oshaiah sat the entire eve of the Sabbath studying the Sefer Yetzirah and created a three-year old calf, and ate it' . . .

<!-- fold The tree, 26 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:studying:x1:1
# text = Rabbi Hanina and Rabbi Oshaiah sat the entire eve of the Sabbath studying the Sefer Yetzirah and created a three-year old calf, and ate it' . . .
1	Rabbi	Rabbi	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
2	Hanina	Hanina	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	Rabbi	Rabbi	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	_
5	Oshaiah	Oshaiah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	flat	_	_
6	sat	sit	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	entire	entire	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	eve	eve	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	Sabbath	Sabbath	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
13	studying	study	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	6	advcl	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	Sefer	Sefer	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	compound	_	_
16	Yetzirah	Yetzirah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	created	create	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
19	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
20	three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	22	nummod	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	year	year	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obl:unmarked	_	_
23	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	amod	_	_
24	calf	calf	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
26	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
27	ate	eat	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
28	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	27	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	27	punct	_	_
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	27	punct	_	_
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	27	punct	_	_
32	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sit** | past | Rabbi and Rabbi | the entire eve of the Sabbath |  |  |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location eve=Theme |
| 2 | **study** | gerund | Rabbi and Rabbi *not said here* | the Sefer Yetzirah |  |  |  |  | vn learn-14-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent yetzirah=Topic |
| 3 | **create** | past | Rabbi and Rabbi *not said here* | a old calf |  |  |  |  | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent calf=Result |
| 4 | **eat** | past | Rabbi and Rabbi *not said here* | calf |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:studying:x1:2
# text = (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Mordell	Mordell	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
4	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	Origin	Origin	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Letters	letter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	Numerals	numeral	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	conj	_	_
10	according	accord	VERB	VBG	ExtPos=ADP|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	12	case	_	_
11	to	to	ADP	IN	_	10	fixed	_	_
12	Sefer	Sefer	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
13	Yetzirah	Yetzirah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	flat	_	_
14	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	1914	1914	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	list	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	))	))	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **accord** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I am studying for my spelling test.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:studying:x2:1
# text = I am studying for my spelling test.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	am	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	studying	study	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
6	spelling	spelling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	test	test	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **study** | present · progressive | I |  |  |  |  | for my spelling test | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Agent for test=Attribute |
| 2 | **test** |  | my |  |  |  |  |  | nom test «cognition transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My sister is studying medicine at university.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:studying:x3:1
# text = My sister is studying medicine at university.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	sister	sister	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	studying	study	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	medicine	medicine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
6	at	at	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	university	university	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **study** | present · progressive | My sister | medicine |  | university |  |  | vn learn-14-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent medicine=Topic |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She was studying the map to find the way.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:studying:x4:1
# text = She was studying the map to find the way.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	studying	study	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	map	map	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	find	find	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	acl	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **study** | past · progressive | She | the map |  |  |  |  | vn learn-14-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent map=Topic |
| 2 | **find** | to-infinitive | She *not said here* | the way |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent way=Topic |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Scientists are studying how bees talk to each other.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:studying:x5:1
# text = Scientists are studying how bees talk to each other.
1	Scientists	scientist	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	studying	study	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	6	advmod	_	_
5	bees	bee	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
6	talk	talk	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	each	each	DET	DT	ExtPos=PRON|PronType=Rcp	6	obl	_	_
9	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	fixed	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **study** | present · progressive | Scientists |  |  |  |  |  | vn learn-14-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **talk** | present | bees |  |  |  |  | to each | vn talk-37.5 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent to each=Co-Agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Studying a little every day works better than all at once.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:studying:x6:1
# text = Studying a little every day works better than all at once.
1	Studying	study	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	csubj	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	obj	_	_
4	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	5	det	_	_
5	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl:unmarked	_	_
6	works	work	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	better	well	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	6	advmod	_	_
8	than	than	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	7	obl	_	_
10	at	at	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	once	once	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **study** | gerund |  | a little |  |  | day |  | vn learn-14-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent little=Topic |
| 2 | **work** | present | Studying |  |  |  |  | well *property* | vn employment-95.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent at once=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We are studying the Vikings this term.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:studying:x7:1
# text = We are studying the Vikings this term.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	studying	study	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	Vikings	Viking	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	7	det	_	_
7	term	term	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **study** | present · progressive | We | the Vikings |  |  |  |  | vn learn-14-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent viking=Topic |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
There was once a young man who was studying to be a poet.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:studying:x8:1
# text = There was once a young man who was studying to be a poet.
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	2	expl	_	_
2	was	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	once	once	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	2	advmod	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	young	young	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
7	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	9	nsubj	_	_
8	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
9	studying	study	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	6	acl:relcl	_	_
10	to	to	PART	TO	_	13	mark	_	_
11	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	cop	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	poet	poet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** | past | a young man |  |  | there |  | once *property* | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **study** | past · progressive | a young man |  |  |  |  |  | vn learn-14-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **is a** | to-infinitive | a young man *not said here* | a poet |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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