---
title: stump — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «stump» in the Judaism dictionary: A stump is the short part of a tree trunk left in the ground after the tree is cut down. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# stump

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** stump, stumps, three upright sticks, they, kingdom, heavens · **What happens:** be, leave, cut down, wear, cut, make · **To what, where:** short part, tree trunk, ground, tree, three upright sticks, cricket · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«stump» in the Judaism dictionary: its 5 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [stump in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/stump.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A stump is the short part of a tree trunk left in the ground after the tree is cut down.

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:stump:m1:1
# text = A stump is the short part of a tree trunk left in the ground after the tree is cut down.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	stump	stump	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	trunk	trunk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
11	left	leave	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	acl	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	ground	ground	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
15	after	after	SCONJ	IN	_	19	mark	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nsubj:pass	_	_
18	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	19	aux:pass	_	_
19	cut	cut	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	11	advcl	_	_
20	down	down	ADP	RP	_	19	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a stump | the short part |  |  |  | of a tree trunk | tree rules |
| 2 | **leave** | participle |  | a tree trunk *not said here* |  |  |  | in the ground *result* | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient in ground=Result |
| 3 | **cut down** | present · passive |  | the tree |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A stump is the short part left of something worn or cut, like a pencil stump or the stump of a leg.

<!-- fold The tree, 22 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:stump:m2:1
# text = A stump is the short part left of something worn or cut, like a pencil stump or the stump of a leg.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	stump	stump	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	left	leave	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	acl	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	7	obl	_	_
10	worn	wear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	acl	_	_
11	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	cut	cut	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
14	like	like	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
16	pencil	pencil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	compound	_	_
17	stump	stump	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
18	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	stump	stump	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	conj	_	_
21	of	of	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	leg	leg	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a stump | the short part |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **leave** | participle |  | the short part *not said here* |  |  |  | of something | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme of something=Initial\_Location |
| 3 | **wear** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | like a pencil stump or the stump of a leg | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V PP-Conative»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **cut** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In cricket, the stumps are the three upright sticks that make the wicket.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:stump:m3:1
# text = In cricket, the stumps are the three upright sticks that make the wicket.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	cricket	cricket	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	stumps	stump	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nsubj	_	_
6	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
8	three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	10	nummod	_	_
9	upright	upright	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	sticks	stick	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
11	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	12	nsubj	_	_
12	make	make	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	acl:relcl	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	wicket	wicket	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the stumps | the three upright sticks |  | cricket |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **make** | present | the three upright sticks | the wicket |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset wicket=Product |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To stump someone is to ask them something so hard they cannot answer.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:stump:m4:1
# text = To stump someone is to ask them something so hard they cannot answer.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	stump	stump	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	advcl	_	_
3	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	ask	ask	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	iobj	_	_
8	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	6	obj	_	_
9	so	so	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
10	hard	hard	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	6	ccomp	_	_
11	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
12	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	14	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	14	advmod	_	_
14	answer	answer	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stump** | to-infinitive |  | someone |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus someone=Experiencer |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  | them *= they* |  |  | ask *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **not** **answer** *speech: assert* | can | they |  |  |  |  |  | vn reciprocate-112-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 5 {#m5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To stump is to walk with heavy, stamping steps.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:stump:m5:1
# text = To stump is to walk with heavy, stamping steps.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	stump	stump	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	csubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	walk	walk	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
7	heavy	heavy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
9	stamping	stamp	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	10	amod	_	_
10	steps	step	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stump** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | with heavy stamping steps; walk *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **stamp** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn image\_impression-25.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And whereas it was commanded to leave the stump of the roots of the tree, thy kingdom shall be sure unto thee, after that thou shalt have known that the heavens do rule. (Writings DAN.4.23, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* And whereas it was commanded to leave the stump of the roots of the tree, thy kingdom shall be sure unto thee, after that thou shalt have known that the heavens do rule.

<!-- fold The tree, 33 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:stump:x1:1
# text = And whereas it was commanded to leave the stump of the roots of the tree, thy kingdom shall be sure unto thee, after that thou shalt have known that the heavens do rule.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	2	cc	_	_
2	whereas	wherea	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	commanded	command	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	ccomp	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	leave	leave	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	xcomp	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	stump	stump	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	roots	root	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nmod	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
17	thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	18	nmod:poss	_	_
18	kingdom	kingdom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	nsubj	_	_
19	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	21	aux	_	_
20	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	21	cop	_	_
21	sure	sure	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	conj	_	_
22	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	thee	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	21	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
25	after	after	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
26	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	30	obl	_	_
27	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	30	nsubj:pass	_	_
28	shalt	shall	AUX	MD	Style=Arch|VerbForm=Fin	30	aux	_	_
29	have	have	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	30	aux	_	_
30	known	know	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	conj	_	_
31	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	34	mark	_	_
32	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	33	det	_	_
33	heavens	heaven	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	34	nsubj	_	_
34	do	do	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	30	advcl	_	_
35	rule	rule	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wherea** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **command** | past · passive |  | it |  |  |  |  | vn order-58.3-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: subject=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 3 | **leave** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  | the stump of the roots of the tree |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent stump=Theme |
| 4 | **is** | shall | thy kingdom |  |  |  |  | unto thee; sure *property* | tree rules |
| 5 | **know** | shall · perfect · passive |  | thou |  |  | after that |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: subject=Stimulus |
| 6 | **do** | present | the heavens | rule |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rule=Eventuality |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings DAN.4.23, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:stump:x1:2
# text = (Writings DAN.4.23, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	DAN.4.23	DAN.4.23	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We sat on an old tree stump to eat lunch.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:stump:x2:1
# text = We sat on an old tree stump to eat lunch.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	sat	sit	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
5	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
6	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	stump	stump	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	eat	eat	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
10	lunch	lunch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sit** | past | We |  |  | a old tree stump |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on stump=Location |
| 2 | **eat** | to-infinitive | We *not said here* | lunch |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lunch=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Count the rings on the stump to find the tree's age.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:stump:x3:1
# text = Count the rings on the stump to find the tree's age.
1	Count	count	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	rings	ring	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	stump	stump	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	find	find	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	advcl	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	's	's	PART	POS	_	10	case	_	_
12	age	age	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **count** | imperative | you *not said here* | the rings |  | the stump |  |  | vn multiply-108 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ring=Theme |
| 2 | **find** | to-infinitive | you *not said here* | the tree's age |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent age=Topic |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The ball knocked over the stumps, and he was out.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:stump:x4:1
# text = The ball knocked over the stumps, and he was out.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	ball	ball	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
3	knocked	knock	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	over	over	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	stumps	stump	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
9	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	was	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	out	out	ADP	RP	_	10	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **knock** | participle |  | the ball *not said here* |  | the stumps |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme over stump=Location |
| 2 | **be out** | past | the ball |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
That riddle stumped everyone in the class.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:stump:x5:1
# text = That riddle stumped everyone in the class.
1	That	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	2	det	_	_
2	riddle	riddle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	stumped	stump	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	everyone	everyone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Tot	3	obj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	class	class	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stump** | past | that riddle | everyone |  | the class |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus everyone=Experiencer |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I'm stumped — I have no idea!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:stump:x6:1
# text = I'm stumped — I have no idea!
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	'm	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	stumped	stump	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	6	punct	_	_
5	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
7	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	8	det	_	_
8	idea	idea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stump** | present · passive |  | I |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Experiencer |
| 2 | **have** | present | I | no idea |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent idea=Patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He stumped up the stairs in a bad mood.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:stump:x7:1
# text = He stumped up the stairs in a bad mood.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	stumped	stump	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	up	up	ADP	RP	_	2	compound:prt	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	stairs	stair	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	bad	bad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	mood	mood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stump up** | past | He | the stairs |  | a bad mood |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus stair=Experiencer |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My pencil is just a stump now.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:stump:x8:1
# text = My pencil is just a stump now.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	pencil	pencil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	just	just	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	stump	stump	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	6	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | My pencil | a stump |  |  | now |  | tree rules |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He came to the charred stumps.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:stump:x9:1
# text = He came to the charred stumps.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	charred	char	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	amod	_	_
6	stumps	stump	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | past | He |  |  | the charred stumps |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to stump=Initial\_Location |
| 2 | **char** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn cooking-45.3 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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