---
title: sturdy — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «sturdy» in the Judaism dictionary: Strong and solid, not easy to break or knock over. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# sturdy

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** you, ye, nation, rivers, people, We · **What happens:** break, knock over, go, swift, be, tread down · **To what, where:** nation, messengers, land, sturdy shoes, sturdy box, books

<!-- .vabout -->
«sturdy» in the Judaism dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [sturdy in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/sturdy.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Strong and solid, not easy to break or knock over.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:sturdy:m1:1
# text = Strong and solid, not easy to break or knock over.
1	Strong	strong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
2	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	solid	solid	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	6	advmod	_	_
6	easy	easy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	conj	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	break	break	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	xcomp	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	knock	knock	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	conj	_	_
11	over	over	ADP	RP	_	10	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **break** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **knock over** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn split-23.2 «NP V apart»: agent=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"a sturdy table".

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:sturdy:m1e:1
# text = "a sturdy table".
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	sturdy	sturdy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	table	table	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Of a person or animal: strong and healthy, with a solid body.

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:sturdy:m2:1
# text = Of a person or animal: strong and healthy, with a solid body.
1	Of	of	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	animal	animal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	7	punct	_	_
7	strong	strong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	healthy	healthy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
11	with	with	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	solid	solid	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Go, ye swift messengers, to a nation tall and of glossy skin, to a people terrible from their beginning onward; a nation that is sturdy and treadeth down, whose land the rivers divide! (Prophets ISA.18.2, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Go, ye swift messengers, to a nation tall and of glossy skin, to a people terrible from their beginning onward; a nation that is sturdy and treadeth down, whose land the rivers divide!

<!-- fold The tree, 33 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:sturdy:x1:1
# text = Go, ye swift messengers, to a nation tall and of glossy skin, to a people terrible from their beginning onward; a nation that is sturdy and treadeth down, whose land the rivers divide!
1	Go	go	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
3	ye	ye	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	4	nsubj	_	_
4	swift	swift	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	advcl	_	_
5	messengers	messenger	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	nation	nation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
10	tall	tall	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	glossy	glossy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	skin	skin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
16	to	to	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	parataxis	_	_
19	terrible	terrible	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
20	from	from	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	22	nmod:poss	_	_
22	beginning	beginning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obl	_	_
23	onward	onward	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
25	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	nation	nation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
27	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	29	nsubj	_	_
28	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	29	cop	_	_
29	sturdy	sturdy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	26	acl:relcl	_	_
30	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	31	cc	_	_
31	treadeth	tread	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	29	conj	_	_
32	down	down	ADP	RP	_	31	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	35	punct	_	_
34	whose	whose	PRON	WP$	Poss=Yes|PronType=Rel	35	nmod:poss	_	_
35	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	conj	_	_
36	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	37	det	_	_
37	rivers	river	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	38	nsubj	_	_
38	divide	divide	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	35	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
39	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | imperative | you *not said here* | a nation |  | a nation |  | onward *property* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to nation=Initial\_Location |
| 2 | **swift** | present | ye | messengers |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **is** | present | a nation |  |  |  |  | sturdy *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **tread down** | present | a nation *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 5 | **divide** | present | the rivers | land *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn multiply-108-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent land=Theme |
| 6 | **begin** |  | people |  |  |  |  |  | nom beginning «event transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Prophets ISA.18.2, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:sturdy:x1:2
# text = (Prophets ISA.18.2, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Prophets	prophet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	ISA.18.2	ISA.18.2	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Wear sturdy shoes for the walk.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:sturdy:x2:1
# text = Wear sturdy shoes for the walk.
1	Wear	wear	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	sturdy	sturdy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	shoes	shoe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	walk	walk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wear** | imperative | you *not said here* | sturdy shoes |  |  |  | for the walk | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent shoe=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We need a sturdy box to carry the books.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:sturdy:x3:1
# text = We need a sturdy box to carry the books.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	need	need	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	sturdy	sturdy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	box	box	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	carry	carry	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	acl	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	books	book	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **need** | present | We | a sturdy box |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot box=Theme |
| 2 | **carry** | to-infinitive | We *not said here* | the books |  |  |  |  | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent book=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
This chair is sturdy enough to stand on.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:sturdy:x4:1
# text = This chair is sturdy enough to stand on.
1	This	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	2	det	_	_
2	chair	chair	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	sturdy	sturdy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	enough	enough	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	stand	stand	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	advcl	_	_
8	on	on	ADP	RP	_	7	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | this chair |  |  |  |  | enough, sturdy *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **stand on** | to-infinitive | this chair *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The little pony is short but sturdy.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:sturdy:x5:1
# text = The little pony is short but sturdy.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	pony	pony	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	sturdy	sturdy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the little pony |  |  |  |  | short *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** |  | the little pony *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Make your bridge sturdy so it can hold the weights.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:sturdy:x6:1
# text = Make your bridge sturdy so it can hold the weights.
1	Make	make	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	bridge	bridge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	sturdy	sturdy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	xcomp	_	_
5	so	so	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
6	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
7	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
8	hold	hold	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	advcl	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	weights	weight	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | imperative | you *not said here* | your bridge |  |  |  | sturdy *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset bridge=Product |
| 2 | **hold** | can | bridge | the weights |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent weight=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A sturdy branch is safer to climb.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:sturdy:x7:1
# text = A sturdy branch is safer to climb.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	sturdy	sturdy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	branch	branch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	safer	safe	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	0	root	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	climb	climb	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | a sturdy branch |  |  |  |  | safe *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **climb** | to-infinitive | a sturdy branch *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Conall Yellowclaw was a sturdy tenant in Erin: he had three sons.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:sturdy:x8:1
# text = Conall Yellowclaw was a sturdy tenant in Erin: he had three sons.
1	Conall	Conall	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
2	Yellowclaw	Yellowclaw	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	sturdy	sturdy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	tenant	tenant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	Erin	Erin	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
10	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
11	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
12	three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	13	nummod	_	_
13	sons	son	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | Conall | a sturdy tenant |  | Erin |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **have** | past | Conall | three sons |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent son=Patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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