---
title: sustained — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «sustained» in the Judaism dictionary: Sustained means kept going for a long time without stopping: sustained effort. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# sustained

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Joseph, root, language, He, man, intercessor · **What happens:** sustain, mean, keep, go, stop, be · **To what, where:** effort, injury, something, weight, father, little ones · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«sustained» in the Judaism dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 12 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [sustained in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/sustained.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Sustained means kept going for a long time without stopping: sustained effort.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:sustained:m1:1
# text = Sustained means kept going for a long time without stopping: sustained effort.
1	Sustained	sustain	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	kept	keep	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	ccomp	_	_
4	going	go	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	xcomp	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
9	without	without	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
10	stopping	stop	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
12	sustained	sustain	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	parataxis	_	_
13	effort	effort	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sustain** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn sustain-55.6 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **keep** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **go** | gerund |  |  |  |  | time |  | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 5 | **stop** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
| 6 | **sustain** | participle |  | effort |  |  |  |  | vn sustain-55.6 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent effort=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To have sustained an injury is to have been hurt.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:sustained:m2:1
# text = To have sustained an injury is to have been hurt.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	3	mark	_	_
2	have	have	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	aux	_	_
3	sustained	sustain	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	injury	injury	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj:pass	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
8	have	have	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	aux	_	_
9	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	10	aux:pass	_	_
10	hurt	hurt	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sustain** | to-infinitive · perfect |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn sustain-55.6 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | present · perfect · passive |  | a injury |  |  |  | hurt *property* | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To sustain something is to keep it alive or going, or to hold up its weight.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:sustained:m3:1
# text = To sustain something is to keep it alive or going, or to hold up its weight.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	sustain	sustain	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	advcl	_	_
3	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	keep	keep	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	obj	_	_
8	alive	alive	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	xcomp	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	going	go	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
12	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
13	to	to	PART	TO	_	14	mark	_	_
14	hold	hold	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
15	up	up	ADP	RP	_	14	compound:prt	_	_
16	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	17	nmod:poss	_	_
17	weight	weight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sustain** | to-infinitive |  | something |  |  |  |  | vn sustain-55.6 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent something=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | alive, keep *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **go** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **hold up** | to-infinitive |  | its weight |  |  |  |  | vn support-15.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot weight=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And Joseph sustained his father, and his brethren, and all his father's household, with bread, according to the want of their little ones. (Torah GEN.47.12, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* And Joseph sustained his father, and his brethren, and all his father's household, with bread, according to the want of their little ones.

<!-- fold The tree, 24 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:sustained:x1:1
# text = And Joseph sustained his father, and his brethren, and all his father's household, with bread, according to the want of their little ones.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	Joseph	Joseph	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	sustained	sustain	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	father	father	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
8	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	brethren	brethren	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
12	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	14	det:predet	_	_
13	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	14	nmod:poss	_	_
14	father	father	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	's	's	PART	POS	_	14	case	_	_
16	household	household	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
18	with	with	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	bread	bread	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
21	according	accord	VERB	VBG	ExtPos=ADP|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	24	case	_	_
22	to	to	ADP	IN	_	21	fixed	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	want	want	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	parataxis	_	_
25	of	of	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
26	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	28	nmod:poss	_	_
27	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	28	amod	_	_
28	ones	one	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	24	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sustain** | past | Joseph | Joseph's father |  |  |  | with bread; Joseph's brethren *obl* | vn sustain-55.6 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent father=Theme |
| 2 | **accord** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **want** |  |  | their little ones |  |  |  |  | nom want «state transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Torah GEN.47.12, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:sustained:x1:2
# text = (Torah GEN.47.12, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	GEN.47.12	GEN.47.12	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The root SPR thus holds unique metaphysical significance for the SY, alone representing the totality of language by which the world was created and is sustained. (Sefer Yetzirah, Sefaria community translation)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* The root SPR thus holds unique metaphysical significance for the SY, alone representing the totality of language by which the world was created and is sustained.

<!-- fold The tree, 26 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:sustained:x2:1
# text = The root SPR thus holds unique metaphysical significance for the SY, alone representing the totality of language by which the world was created and is sustained.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	root	root	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	SPR	SPR	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	_
4	thus	thus	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	holds	hold	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	unique	unique	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
7	metaphysical	metaphysical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	significance	significance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
9	for	for	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	SY	SY	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
13	alone	alone	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
14	representing	represent	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	5	advcl	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	totality	totality	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obj	_	_
17	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nmod	_	_
19	by	by	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	24	obl	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	world	world	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	nsubj	_	_
23	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	24	aux:pass	_	_
24	created	create	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	18	acl:relcl	_	_
25	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
26	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	27	aux:pass	_	_
27	sustained	sustain	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	24	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hold** | present | the root | unique metaphysical significance |  |  |  | for the SY; thus *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent significance=Theme |
| 2 | **represent** | gerund | the root *not said here* | the totality of language |  |  |  | alone *property* | vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot totality=Theme |
| 3 | **create** | past · passive | language | the world |  |  |  |  | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Result |
| 4 | **sustain** | present · passive | language *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn sustain-55.6 «NP V NP PP.instrument» |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Sefer Yetzirah, Sefaria community translation)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:sustained:x2:2
# text = (Sefer Yetzirah, Sefaria community translation)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Sefer	Sefer	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	Yetzirah	Yetzirah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
5	Sefaria	Sefaria	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
6	community	community	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	translation	translation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And He saw that there was no man, and was astonished that there was no intercessor; therefore His own arm brought salvation unto Him; and His righteousness, it sustained Him; (Prophets ISA.59.16, JPS 1917)

<!-- fold The tree, 34 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:sustained:x3:1
# text = And He saw that there was no man, and was astonished that there was no intercessor; therefore His own arm brought salvation unto Him; and His righteousness, it sustained Him; (Prophets ISA.59.16, JPS 1917)
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
5	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	6	expl	_	_
6	was	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	ccomp	_	_
7	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	8	det	_	_
8	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
11	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
12	astonished	astonished	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	conj	_	_
13	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	15	mark	_	_
14	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	15	expl	_	_
15	was	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	ccomp	_	_
16	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	17	det	_	_
17	intercessor	intercessor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	23	punct	_	_
19	therefore	therefore	SCONJ	IN	_	23	mark	_	_
20	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	22	nmod:poss	_	_
21	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	_
22	arm	arm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	nsubj	_	_
23	brought	bring	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
24	salvation	salvation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obj	_	_
25	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
26	Him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	23	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	33	punct	_	_
28	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	33	cc	_	_
29	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	30	nmod:poss	_	_
30	righteousness	righteousness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	33	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
32	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	33	nsubj	_	_
33	sustained	sustain	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
34	Him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	33	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	37	punct	_	_
36	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	37	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
37	Prophets	prophet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
38	ISA.59.16	ISA.59.16	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	37	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
39	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	40	punct	_	_
40	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	38	flat	_	_
41	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	38	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
42	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	37	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | past | He | Prophets |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** | past | no man |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **is** | past | He *not said here* |  |  |  |  | astonished *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **be** | past | no intercessor |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 5 | **bring** | past | intercessor's own arm | salvation |  |  |  | unto intercessor | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent salvation=Theme |
| 6 | **sustain** | past | intercessor's righteousness | intercessor |  |  |  |  | vn sustain-55.6 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent he=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She sustained a broken arm in the fall.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:sustained:x4:1
# text = She sustained a broken arm in the fall.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	sustained	sustain	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	broken	break	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	amod	_	_
5	arm	arm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	fall	fall	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sustain** | past | She | a broken arm |  | the fall |  |  | vn sustain-55.6 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent arm=Theme |
| 2 | **break** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The players sustained minor injuries.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:sustained:x5:1
# text = The players sustained minor injuries.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	players	player	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	sustained	sustain	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	minor	minor	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	injuries	injury	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sustain** | past | the players | minor injuries |  |  |  |  | vn sustain-55.6 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent injury=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The class showed sustained effort all term.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:sustained:x6:1
# text = The class showed sustained effort all term.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	class	class	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	showed	show	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	sustained	sustain	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	amod	_	_
5	effort	effort	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	7	det	_	_
7	term	term	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | past | the class | sustained effort |  |  |  | all term *obl:unmarked* | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent effort=Recipient |
| 2 | **sustain** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn sustain-55.6 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Food and water sustained them on the trip.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:sustained:x7:1
# text = Food and water sustained them on the trip.
1	Food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	_
4	sustained	sustain	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	obj	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	trip	trip	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sustain** | past | Food and water | them *= they* |  | the trip |  |  | vn sustain-55.6 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent they=Theme |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The rain was heavy and sustained.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:sustained:x8:1
# text = The rain was heavy and sustained.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	rain	rain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	heavy	heavy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	sustained	sustain	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the rain |  |  |  |  | heavy *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **sustain** | participle | the rain *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn sustain-55.6 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The bridge sustained no damage in the storm.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:sustained:x9:1
# text = The bridge sustained no damage in the storm.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	bridge	bridge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	sustained	sustain	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	5	det	_	_
5	damage	damage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	storm	storm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sustain** | past | the bridge | no damage |  | the storm |  |  | vn sustain-55.6 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent damage=Theme |

## Example 10 {#x10}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We did ten minutes of sustained silent reading.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:sustained:x10:1
# text = We did ten minutes of sustained silent reading.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	did	do	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	ten	ten	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	minutes	minute	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	sustained	sustain	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	amod	_	_
7	silent	silent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	reading	reading	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | past | We |  |  |  | minute |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **sustain** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn sustain-55.6 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent |

## Example 11 {#x11}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Sustained wind of 100 km/h blew down the fence.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:sustained:x11:1
# text = Sustained wind of 100 km/h blew down the fence.
1	Sustained	sustain	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	amod	_	_
2	wind	wind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	100	100	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	km/h	km/h	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	blew	blow	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	down	down	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	fence	fence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sustain** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn sustain-55.6 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **blow down** | past | Sustained wind of 100 km/h | the fence |  |  |  |  | vn split-23.2 «NP V NP apart»: agent=Agent fence=Patient |
| 3 | **wind** |  |  | 100 km/h |  |  |  |  | nom wind «phenomenon transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 12 {#x12}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The flower in its color of flame seemed to receive its nourishment from the water, as a lamp is sustained by oil.

<!-- fold The tree, 22 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:sustained:x12:1
# text = The flower in its color of flame seemed to receive its nourishment from the water, as a lamp is sustained by oil.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	flower	flower	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	color	color	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	flame	flame	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
8	seemed	seem	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	receive	receive	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	xcomp	_	_
11	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	nourishment	nourishment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
13	from	from	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
17	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	21	mark	_	_
18	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	lamp	lamp	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	nsubj	_	_
20	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	21	aux:pass	_	_
21	sustained	sustain	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	conj	_	_
22	by	by	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	oil	oil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **seem** | past | the flower in flower's color of flame |  |  |  |  |  | vn seem-109-1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Theme clause=Attribute |
| 2 | **receive** | to-infinitive | the flower in flower's color of flame *not said here* | flower's nourishment |  | the water |  |  | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent nourishment=Theme from water=Source |
| 3 | **sustain** | present · passive |  | a lamp |  |  |  | by oil | vn sustain-55.6 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: subject=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [sustain](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/judaism/S/sustain/)
- next →: [sustenance](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/judaism/S/sustenance/)
- ↑ back to [S in Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/judaism/S/)