---
title: sustenance — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «sustenance» in the Judaism dictionary: Sustenance is food and drink that keeps a person, animal or plant alive and strong. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# sustenance

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Sustenance food, Sustenance, travellers, letters, Her, they · **What happens:** be, keep, mean, support, strengthen, have · **To what, where:** Sustenance food, person, anything, someone, sustenance, him · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«sustenance» in the Judaism dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 10 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [sustenance in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/sustenance.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Sustenance is food and drink that keeps a person, animal or plant alive and strong.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:sustenance:m1:1
# text = Sustenance is food and drink that keeps a person, animal or plant alive and strong.
1	Sustenance	sustenance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	drink	drink	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
7	keeps	keep	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	acl:relcl	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	animal	animal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	_
12	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	plant	plant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	_
14	alive	alive	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	xcomp	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	strong	strong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present |  | Sustenance food and drink |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **keep** | present | Sustenance food and drink | a person and animal or plant |  |  |  | alive *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent person=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"The travellers had no sustenance for days."

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:sustenance:m1e:1
# text = "The travellers had no sustenance for days."
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	travellers	traveller	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	6	det	_	_
6	sustenance	sustenance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	days	day	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** *in a quote* | past | the travellers | no sustenance |  |  | day |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sustenance=Patient |

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Sustenance also means anything that supports or strengthens someone, like comfort, hope or faith.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:sustenance:m2:1
# text = Sustenance also means anything that supports or strengthens someone, like comfort, hope or faith.
1	Sustenance	sustenance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	also	also	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	anything	anything	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	3	obj	_	_
5	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	6	nsubj	_	_
6	supports	support	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl:relcl	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	strengthens	strengthen	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
9	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	like	like	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	comfort	comfort	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
14	hope	hope	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	_
15	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	faith	faith	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Sustenance | anything |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent anything=Topic |
| 2 | **support** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer |
| 3 | **strengthen** | present |  | someone |  |  |  | like comfort and hope or faith | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent someone=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"Her letters gave him sustenance."

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:sustenance:m2e:1
# text = "Her letters gave him sustenance."
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	letters	letter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	iobj	_	_
6	sustenance	sustenance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** *in a quote* | past | Her letters | sustenance | him *= he* |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent he=Recipient sustenance=Theme |
| 2 | **letter** *in a quote* |  | Her *= she* |  |  |  |  |  | nom letter «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
and they encamped against them, and destroyed the produce of the earth, till thou come unto Gaza, and left no sustenance in Israel, neither sheep, nor ox, nor ass. (Prophets JDG.6.4, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* and they encamped against them, and destroyed the produce of the earth, till thou come unto Gaza, and left no sustenance in Israel, neither sheep, nor ox, nor ass.

<!-- fold The tree, 29 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:sustenance:x1:1
# text = and they encamped against them, and destroyed the produce of the earth, till thou come unto Gaza, and left no sustenance in Israel, neither sheep, nor ox, nor ass.
1	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	encamped	encamp	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	against	against	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	destroyed	destroy	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	produce	produce	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	earth	earth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
15	till	till	SCONJ	IN	_	17	mark	_	_
16	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	17	nsubj	_	_
17	come	come	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	parataxis	_	_
18	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	Gaza	Gaza	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
22	left	leave	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
23	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	24	det	_	_
24	sustenance	sustenance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obj	_	_
25	in	in	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
26	Israel	Israel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	22	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	29	punct	_	_
28	neither	neither	CCONJ	CC	Polarity=Neg	29	cc:preconj	_	_
29	sheep	sheep	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	32	punct	_	_
31	nor	nor	CCONJ	CC	Polarity=Neg	32	cc	_	_
32	ox	ox	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	35	punct	_	_
34	nor	nor	CCONJ	CC	Polarity=Neg	35	cc	_	_
35	ass	ass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **encamp** | past | they | sheep |  |  |  | against them *= they*; ass *obl* | tree rules |
| 2 | **destroy** | past | they *not said here* | the produce of the earth |  |  |  |  | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent produce=Patient |
| 3 | **come** | present | thou |  |  |  |  | unto Gaza | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **leave** | past | they *not said here* | no sustenance |  | Israel |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent sustenance=Theme in israel=Location |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Prophets JDG.6.4, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:sustenance:x1:2
# text = (Prophets JDG.6.4, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Prophets	prophet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	JDG.6.4	JDG.6.4	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Now Barzillai was a very aged man, even fourscore years old; and he had provided the king with sustenance while he lay at Mahanaim; for he was a very great man. (Prophets 2SA.19.33, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Now Barzillai was a very aged man, even fourscore years old; and he had provided the king with sustenance while he lay at Mahanaim; for he was a very great man.

<!-- fold The tree, 31 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:sustenance:x2:1
# text = Now Barzillai was a very aged man, even fourscore years old; and he had provided the king with sustenance while he lay at Mahanaim; for he was a very great man.
1	Now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	2	advmod	_	_
2	Barzillai	Barzillai	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
5	very	very	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	aged	aged	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	even	even	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
10	fourscore	fourscore	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obl:unmarked	_	_
12	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
15	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	nsubj	_	_
16	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	17	aux	_	_
17	provided	provide	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	7	acl	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obj	_	_
20	with	with	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	sustenance	sustenance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	_
22	while	while	SCONJ	IN	_	24	mark	_	_
23	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	24	nsubj	_	_
24	lay	lie	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	17	advcl	_	_
25	at	at	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
26	Mahanaim	Mahanaim	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	24	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	34	punct	_	_
28	for	for	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
29	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	34	nsubj	_	_
30	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	34	cop	_	_
31	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	34	det	_	_
32	very	very	ADV	RB	_	33	advmod	_	_
33	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	34	amod	_	_
34	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | Barzillai | a aged man and a great man |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **provide** | past · perfect | Barzillai | a aged man and a great man *not said here* | the king |  |  | with sustenance | vn fulfilling-13.4.1-2 «NP V NP-Fulfilling PP.theme»: agent=Agent king=Recipient with sustenance=Theme |
| 3 | **lie** | past | Barzillai |  |  | Mahanaim |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent at mahanaim=Location |
| 4 | **is** | past | Barzillai |  |  |  |  | for a great man | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Prophets 2SA.19.33, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:sustenance:x2:2
# text = (Prophets 2SA.19.33, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Prophets	prophet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	2SA.19.33	2SA.19.33	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod:unmarked	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The explorers needed sustenance after the long walk.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:sustenance:x3:1
# text = The explorers needed sustenance after the long walk.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	explorers	explorer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	needed	need	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	sustenance	sustenance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	after	after	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	walk	walk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **need** | past | the explorers | sustenance |  |  | after the long walk |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot sustenance=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Bread was the main sustenance of poor families in the past.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:sustenance:x4:1
# text = Bread was the main sustenance of poor families in the past.
1	Bread	bread	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	main	main	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	sustenance	sustenance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	poor	poor	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	families	family	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	past	past	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | Bread | the main sustenance |  |  |  | of poor families in the past | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Plants get sustenance from sunlight, water and soil.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:sustenance:x5:1
# text = Plants get sustenance from sunlight, water and soil.
1	Plants	plant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	get	get	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	sustenance	sustenance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	from	from	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	sunlight	sunlight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	soil	soil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **get** | present | Plants | sustenance |  | sunlight and water and soil |  |  | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent sustenance=Theme from sunlight=Source |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Many Christians say prayer gives them spiritual sustenance.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:sustenance:x6:1
# text = Many Christians say prayer gives them spiritual sustenance.
1	Many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	Christians	Christian	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	say	say	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	prayer	prayer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	gives	give	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	ccomp	_	_
6	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	iobj	_	_
7	spiritual	spiritual	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	sustenance	sustenance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | Many Christians |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **give** | present | prayer | spiritual sustenance | Christians *= christian* |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent they=Recipient sustenance=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The squirrels stored nuts for sustenance in winter.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:sustenance:x7:1
# text = The squirrels stored nuts for sustenance in winter.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	squirrels	squirrel	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	stored	store	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	nuts	nut	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	sustenance	sustenance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	winter	winter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **store** | past | the squirrels | nuts |  |  | winter | for sustenance | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent nut=Theme |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A cup of tea and a biscuit gave Grandma some sustenance.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:sustenance:x8:1
# text = A cup of tea and a biscuit gave Grandma some sustenance.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cup	cup	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	tea	tea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	biscuit	biscuit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
8	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	Grandma	Grandma	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	iobj	_	_
10	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	11	det	_	_
11	sustenance	sustenance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | past | a cup of tea and a biscuit | some sustenance | Grandma |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent grandma=Recipient sustenance=Theme |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Hope was their only sustenance during the war.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:sustenance:x9:1
# text = Hope was their only sustenance during the war.
1	Hope	Hope	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
4	only	only	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	sustenance	sustenance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	during	during	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	war	war	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | Hope | their only sustenance |  |  | during the war |  | tree rules |

## Example 10 {#x10}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Inconsolable at his loss, she threw herself upon the ground, and refused all sustenance.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:sustenance:x10:1
# text = Inconsolable at his loss, she threw herself upon the ground, and refused all sustenance.
1	Inconsolable	inconsolable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	advmod	_	_
2	at	at	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	loss	loss	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
6	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	threw	throw	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	herself	herself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	7	obj	_	_
9	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	ground	ground	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	refused	refuse	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
15	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	16	det	_	_
16	sustenance	sustenance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **throw** | past | she | herself *= she* |  | the ground |  |  | vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent herself=Theme upon ground=Destination |
| 2 | **refuse** | past | she *not said here* | all sustenance |  |  |  |  | vn reject-77.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sustenance=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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