---
title: swarthy — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «swarthy» in the Judaism dictionary: Swarthy means having dark skin or a dark complexion, often from being in the sun. (old use). Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/judaism/S/swarthy/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [dictionaries](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/) / [Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/judaism/) / [S](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/judaism/S/) / swarthy

# swarthy

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Swarthy, you, I, sun, sons, mine · **What happens:** mean, have, be, not look, tan, incense · **To what, where:** dark skin, sun., me, sons, keeper, swarthy face · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«swarthy» in the Judaism dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 4 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [swarthy in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/swarthy.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Swarthy means having dark skin or a dark complexion, often from being in the sun. (old use).

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:swarthy:m1:1
# text = Swarthy means having dark skin or a dark complexion, often from being in the sun. (old use).
1	Swarthy	swarthy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	having	have	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	ccomp	_	_
4	dark	dark	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	skin	skin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	dark	dark	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	complexion	complexion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
11	often	often	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
12	from	from	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
13	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	16	cop	_	_
14	in	in	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	sun.	sun.	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
17	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	use	use	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Swarthy |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **have** | gerund |  | dark skin or a dark complexion |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent skin=Patient |
| 3 | **is** | gerund |  |  |  | the sun. |  | often *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Look not upon me, that I am swarthy, that the sun hath tanned me; my mother's sons were incensed against me, they made me keeper of the vineyards; but mine own vineyard have I not kept.' (Writings SNG.1.6, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Look not upon me, that I am swarthy, that the sun hath tanned me; my mother's sons were incensed against me, they made me keeper of the vineyards; but mine own vineyard have I not kept.'

<!-- fold The tree, 37 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:swarthy:x1:1
# text = Look not upon me, that I am swarthy, that the sun hath tanned me; my mother's sons were incensed against me, they made me keeper of the vineyards; but mine own vineyard have I not kept.'
1	Look	look	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	1	advmod	_	_
3	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
6	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
7	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
8	am	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
9	swarthy	swarthy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
11	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	14	mark	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	sun	sun	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nsubj	_	_
14	hath	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	conj	_	_
15	tanned	tan	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	ccomp	_	_
16	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	15	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	23	punct	_	_
18	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	19	nmod:poss	_	_
19	mother	mother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	's	's	PART	POS	_	19	case	_	_
21	sons	son	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	nsubj	_	_
22	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	23	aux:pass	_	_
23	incensed	incense	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	conj	_	_
24	against	against	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
25	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	23	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
27	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	28	nsubj	_	_
28	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	23	conj	_	_
29	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	28	obj	_	_
30	keeper	keeper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	obj	_	_
31	of	of	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
32	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	33	det	_	_
33	vineyards	vineyard	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	30	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	39	punct	_	_
35	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	39	cc	_	_
36	mine	my	PRON	PRP	Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	39	nsubj	_	_
37	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	38	amod	_	_
38	vineyard	vineyard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	39	nsubj	_	_
39	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	parataxis	_	_
40	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	42	nsubj	_	_
41	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	42	advmod	_	_
42	kept	keep	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	39	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
43	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
44	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **look** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | upon me | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent upon i=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | present | I |  |  |  |  | swarthy *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **have** | present | the sun |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **tan** | past | the sun *not said here* | me |  |  |  |  | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent i=Patient |
| 5 | **incense** | past · passive |  | my mother's sons |  |  |  | against me | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Experiencer |
| 6 | **make** | past | sons *= son* | keeper of the vineyards | me |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP NP»: agent=Asset i=Beneficiary keeper=Product |
| 7 | **have** | present | mine |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 8 | **not** **keep** | past | I |  |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings SNG.1.6, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:swarthy:x1:2
# text = (Writings SNG.1.6, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	SNG.1.6	SNG.1.6	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The sailor had a swarthy face.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:swarthy:x2:1
# text = The sailor had a swarthy face.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	sailor	sailor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	swarthy	swarthy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	face	face	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | the sailor | a swarthy face |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent face=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A swarthy man sold spices at the market.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:swarthy:x3:1
# text = A swarthy man sold spices at the market.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	swarthy	swarthy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	sold	sell	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	spices	spice	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
6	at	at	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	market	market	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sell** | past | a swarthy man | spices |  | the market |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.asset»: agent=Agent spice=Theme at market=Asset |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
His swarthy skin shone in the sun.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:swarthy:x4:1
# text = His swarthy skin shone in the sun.
1	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	swarthy	swarthy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	skin	skin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	shone	shine	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	sun.	sun.	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **shine** | participle · passive |  | His swarthy skin |  | the sun. |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V NP.theme»: subject=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [swarm](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/judaism/S/swarm/)
- next →: [sway](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/judaism/S/sway/)
- ↑ back to [S in Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/judaism/S/)