---
title: taskmaster — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «taskmaster» in the Judaism dictionary: A person who sets hard work for others and makes sure they do it. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# taskmaster

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** person, others, taskmasters, same day, officers, your · **What happens:** set, make, do, afflict, burden, command · **To what, where:** hard work, work, they, taskmasters, Torah EXO.5.6, straw · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«taskmaster» in the Judaism dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 4 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [taskmaster in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/taskmaster.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A person who sets hard work for others and makes sure they do it.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:taskmaster:m1:1
# text = A person who sets hard work for others and makes sure they do it.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	4	nsubj	_	_
4	sets	set	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	acl:relcl	_	_
5	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	work	work	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	others	other	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
11	sure	sure	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	xcomp	_	_
12	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
13	do	do	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	ccomp	_	_
14	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **set** | present | a person | hard work |  |  |  | for others | vn preparing-26.3-2 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent work=Patient for other=Beneficiary |
| 2 | **make** | present | a person *not said here* |  |  |  |  | sure *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |
| 3 | **do** | present | others *= other* | work |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Eventuality |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Therefore they did set over them taskmasters to afflict them with their burdens. (Torah EXO.1.11, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Therefore they did set over them taskmasters to afflict them with their burdens.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:taskmaster:x1:1
# text = Therefore they did set over them taskmasters to afflict them with their burdens.
1	Therefore	therefore	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
2	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	set	set	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	over	over	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	obl	_	_
7	taskmasters	taskmaster	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	appos	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	afflict	afflict	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	advcl	_	_
10	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	obj	_	_
11	with	with	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	burdens	burden	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **set** | past · passive · do-support |  | they |  |  |  | over them *= they*; therefore *property* | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme over they=Destination |
| 2 | **afflict** | to-infinitive |  | taskmasters *= taskmaster* |  |  |  | with taskmasters's burdens | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus they=Experiencer |
| 3 | **burden** |  | taskmasters *= taskmaster* |  |  |  |  |  | nom burden «cognition transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Torah EXO.1.11, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:taskmaster:x1:2
# text = (Torah EXO.1.11, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	EXO.1.11	EXO.1.11	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And the same day Pharaoh commanded the taskmasters of the people, and their officers, saying: (Torah EXO.5.6, JPS 1917)

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:taskmaster:x2:1
# text = And the same day Pharaoh commanded the taskmasters of the people, and their officers, saying: (Torah EXO.5.6, JPS 1917)
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	same	same	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
5	Pharaoh	Pharaoh	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	appos	_	_
6	commanded	command	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	taskmasters	taskmaster	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
14	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	15	nmod:poss	_	_
15	officers	officer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
17	saying	say	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	6	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	21	punct	_	_
19	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	21	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	21	compound	_	_
21	EXO.5.6	EXO.5.6	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
23	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	21	flat	_	_
24	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	21	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	21	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **command** | past | the same day | the taskmasters of the people |  |  |  |  | vn supervision-95.2.2-1 «NP V NP.predicate»: agent=Agent taskmaster=Eventuality |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | gerund | people's officers | Torah EXO.5.6 |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent exo.5.6=Topic |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And the taskmasters were urgent, saying: 'Fulfil your work, your daily task, as when there was straw.' (Torah EXO.5.13, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* And the taskmasters were urgent, saying: 'Fulfil your work, your daily task, as when there was straw.'

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:taskmaster:x3:1
# text = And the taskmasters were urgent, saying: 'Fulfil your work, your daily task, as when there was straw.'
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	taskmasters	taskmaster	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
4	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	urgent	urgent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	saying	say	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	5	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	10	punct	_	_
9	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	Fulfil	fulfil	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	ccomp	_	_
11	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	work	work	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
14	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	16	nmod:poss	_	_
15	daily	daily	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	task	task	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
18	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	21	mark	_	_
19	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	21	advmod	_	_
20	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	21	expl	_	_
21	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	22	cop	_	_
22	straw	straw	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the taskmasters |  |  |  |  | urgent *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | gerund | the taskmasters *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **fulfil** | infinitive |  | your work |  |  |  | your daily task *obl* | tree rules |
| 4 | **is a** | past |  | straw |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **work** |  | your |  |  |  |  |  | nom work «act intransitive»: poss=agent |
| 6 | **task** |  | your |  |  |  |  |  | nom task «act transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Torah EXO.5.13, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:taskmaster:x3:2
# text = (Torah EXO.5.13, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	EXO.5.13	EXO.5.13	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
There the prisoners are at ease together; they hear not the voice of the taskmaster. (Writings JOB.3.18, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* There the prisoners are at ease together; they hear not the voice of the taskmaster.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:taskmaster:x4:1
# text = There the prisoners are at ease together; they hear not the voice of the taskmaster.
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	4	expl	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	prisoners	prisoner	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
4	are	be	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	at	at	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	ease	ease	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
7	together	together	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	hear	hear	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
11	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	10	advmod	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	voice	voice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	taskmaster	taskmaster	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** | present |  |  |  | ease; there |  | together *property* | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at ease=Location |
| 2 | **not** **hear** | present | prisoners *= prisoner* | the voice of the taskmaster |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer voice=Stimulus |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings JOB.3.18, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:taskmaster:x4:2
# text = (Writings JOB.3.18, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	JOB.3.18	JOB.3.18	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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