---
title: theory — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «theory» in the Judaism dictionary: A theory is a well-tested explanation of how something in nature works, supported by a lot of evidence, like the theory of evolution or the theory of gravity. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# theory

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** theory, someone, idea, subject, things, it · **What happens:** test, be, support, have, explain, not be · **To what, where:** tested explanation, idea, something, theory, cake, ideas · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«theory» in the Judaism dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 11 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [theory in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/theory.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: science — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A theory is a well-tested explanation of how something in nature works, supported by a lot of evidence, like the theory of evolution or the theory of gravity.

<!-- fold The tree, 29 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:theory:m1:1
# text = A theory is a well-tested explanation of how something in nature works, supported by a lot of evidence, like the theory of evolution or the theory of gravity.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	theory	theory	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
5	well	well	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	7	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	tested	test	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	amod	_	_
8	explanation	explanation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	11	advmod	_	_
11	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	8	nmod	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	nature	nature	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	_
14	works	work	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
16	supported	support	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	acl	_	_
17	by	by	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	lot	lot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	_
20	of	of	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	evidence	evidence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
23	like	like	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	theory	theory	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
26	of	of	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
27	evolution	evolution	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	nmod	_	_
28	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	30	cc	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
30	theory	theory	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	conj	_	_
31	of	of	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
32	gravity	gravity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **test** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | well *property* | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is a** | present | a theory | a tested explanation |  |  |  | of something; like the theory of evolution or the theory of gravity | tree rules |
| 3 | **support** | participle |  | a tested explanation *not said here* |  |  |  | by a lot of evidence | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A theory is an idea someone has to explain something, which may or may not be true, as in "I have a theory about who ate the cake".

<!-- fold The tree, 28 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:theory:m2:1
# text = A theory is an idea someone has to explain something, which may or may not be true, as in "I have a theory about who ate the cake".
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	theory	theory	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	idea	idea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	7	nsubj	_	_
7	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	explain	explain	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	xcomp	_	_
10	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
12	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	18	nsubj	_	_
13	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	18	aux	_	_
14	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
15	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	18	aux	_	_
16	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	18	advmod	_	_
17	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	18	cop	_	_
18	true	true	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
20	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	24	mark	_	_
21	in	in	ADP	IN	_	20	fixed	_	_
22	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	24	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	24	nsubj	_	_
24	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	advcl	_	_
25	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	theory	theory	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obj	_	_
27	about	about	SCONJ	IN	_	29	mark	_	_
28	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	29	nsubj	_	_
29	ate	eat	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	26	acl:relcl	_	_
30	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
31	cake	cake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	29	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a theory | a idea |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **have** | present | someone | a idea *not said here* |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **explain** *speech: assert* | to-infinitive | a idea *not said here* | something |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Topic |
| 4 | **not** **is** | may |  |  |  |  |  | true *property* | tree rules |
| 5 | **have** *in a quote* | present | a idea *= idea* | a theory |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent theory=Patient |
| 6 | **eat** *in a quote* | past | a theory | the cake |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cake=Patient |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Theory is the ideas and rules of a subject, as opposed to practice, like music theory.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:theory:m3:1
# text = Theory is the ideas and rules of a subject, as opposed to practice, like music theory.
1	Theory	Theory	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	ideas	idea	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	rules	rule	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	subject	subject	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
12	opposed	oppose	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl	_	_
13	to	to	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	practice	practice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
16	like	like	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	music	music	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	compound	_	_
18	theory	theory	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Theory | the ideas and rules of a subject |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **oppose** | participle |  | the ideas and rules of a subject *not said here* |  |  |  | to practice | vn amalgamate-22.2-3 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **rule** |  | a subject |  |  |  |  |  | nom rule «cognition intransitive»: of=agent |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"In theory" means what should happen if things go as planned, though they might not.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:theory:m4:1
# text = "In theory" means what should happen if things go as planned, though they might not.
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	theory	theory	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
5	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	8	nsubj	_	_
7	should	should	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
8	happen	happen	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	ccomp	_	_
9	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
10	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nsubj	_	_
11	go	go	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	advcl	_	_
12	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	13	mark	_	_
13	planned	plan	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	11	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
15	though	though	SCONJ	IN	_	17	mark	_	_
16	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	nsubj	_	_
17	might	might	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	8	conj	_	_
18	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	17	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | theory |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **happen** | should |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **go** *a condition, not said to happen* | present | things |  |  |  |  |  | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **plan** | participle | things *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Be this as it may, it is worth while to know the extravagant hypotheses which ancient Jewish philosophers and theologians framed as soon as they began to contemplate and to reason, endeavoring to combine oriental and Greek theories. (Sefer Yetzirah, Kalisch 1877)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Be this as it may, it is worth while to know the extravagant hypotheses which ancient Jewish philosophers and theologians framed as soon as they began to contemplate and to reason, endeavoring to combine oriental and Greek theories.

<!-- fold The tree, 38 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:theory:x1:1
# text = Be this as it may, it is worth while to know the extravagant hypotheses which ancient Jewish philosophers and theologians framed as soon as they began to contemplate and to reason, endeavoring to combine oriental and Greek theories.
1	Be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	cop	_	_
2	this	this	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	1	nsubj	_	_
3	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
4	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
5	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	9	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
7	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
9	worth	worth	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
10	while	while	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
11	to	to	PART	TO	_	12	mark	_	_
12	know	know	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	csubj	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	extravagant	extravagant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	hypotheses	hypothesis	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obj	_	_
16	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	19	nsubj	_	_
17	ancient	ancient	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
18	Jewish	Jewish	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	philosophers	philosopher	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	nmod	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
21	theologians	theologian	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	conj	_	_
22	framed	frame	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	19	acl	_	_
23	as	as	ADV	RB	_	24	advmod	_	_
24	soon	soon	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	27	advmod	_	_
25	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	27	mark	_	_
26	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	27	nsubj	_	_
27	began	begin	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	22	advcl	_	_
28	to	to	PART	TO	_	29	mark	_	_
29	contemplate	contemplate	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	27	xcomp	_	_
30	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	32	cc	_	_
31	to	to	ADP	TO	_	32	case	_	_
32	reason	reason	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	34	punct	_	_
34	endeavoring	endeavor	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	32	nmod	_	_
35	to	to	PART	TO	_	36	mark	_	_
36	combine	combine	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	34	xcomp	_	_
37	oriental	oriental	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	36	obj	_	_
38	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	40	cc	_	_
39	Greek	Greek	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	40	amod	_	_
40	theories	theory	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	37	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
41	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | infinitive | it |  |  |  |  | worth *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **know** | to-infinitive |  | the extravagant hypotheses |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer hypothesis=Stimulus |
| 3 | **philosopher** |  | the extravagant hypotheses |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **frame** | participle |  | ancient Jewish philosophers and theologians *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **begin** | past | hypotheses *= hypothesis* |  |  |  |  | soon *property* | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 6 | **contemplate** | to-infinitive | hypotheses *= hypothesis* *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn focus-87.1 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent |
| 7 | **endeavor** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 8 | **combine** | to-infinitive |  | oriental and Greek theories |  |  |  |  | vn mix-22.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent oriental=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Sefer Yetzirah, Kalisch 1877)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:theory:x1:2
# text = (Sefer Yetzirah, Kalisch 1877)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Sefer	Sefer	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	Yetzirah	Yetzirah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	Kalisch	Kalisch	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
6	1877	1877	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The whole theory of the world, of the year, and of the soul, is expressed by tens and twelves. (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* The whole theory of the world, of the year, and of the soul, is expressed by tens and twelves.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:theory:x2:1
# text = The whole theory of the world, of the year, and of the soul, is expressed by tens and twelves.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	whole	whole	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	theory	theory	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	world	world	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	year	year	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	soul	soul	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
17	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	18	aux:pass	_	_
18	expressed	express	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
19	by	by	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	tens	ten	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	obl	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
22	twelves	twelve	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	18	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **express** | present · passive | tens and twelves | the whole theory of the world of the year of the soul |  |  |  |  | vn reflexive\_appearance-48.1.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:theory:x2:2
# text = (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Mordell	Mordell	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
4	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	Origin	Origin	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Letters	letter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	Numerals	numeral	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	conj	_	_
10	according	accord	VERB	VBG	ExtPos=ADP|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	12	case	_	_
11	to	to	ADP	IN	_	10	fixed	_	_
12	Sefer	Sefer	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
13	Yetzirah	Yetzirah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	flat	_	_
14	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	1914	1914	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	list	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	))	))	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **accord** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Indeed, it would seem that every commentator endeavored to read his own views and theories into this little book, with hardly any concern whether they agreed with the text or not. (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Indeed, it would seem that every commentator endeavored to read his own views and theories into this little book, with hardly any concern whether they agreed with the text or not.

<!-- fold The tree, 31 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:theory:x3:1
# text = Indeed, it would seem that every commentator endeavored to read his own views and theories into this little book, with hardly any concern whether they agreed with the text or not.
1	Indeed	indeed	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
4	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	seem	seem	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
7	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	8	det	_	_
8	commentator	commentator	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
9	endeavored	endeavor	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	advcl	_	_
10	to	to	PART	TO	_	11	mark	_	_
11	read	read	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	xcomp	_	_
12	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	14	nmod:poss	_	_
13	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	views	view	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obj	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	theories	theory	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	conj	_	_
17	into	into	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
18	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	20	det	_	_
19	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
20	book	book	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
22	with	with	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
23	hardly	hardly	ADV	RB	_	25	advmod	_	_
24	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	25	det	_	_
25	concern	concern	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	parataxis	_	_
26	whether	whether	SCONJ	IN	_	28	mark	_	_
27	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	28	nsubj	_	_
28	agreed	agree	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	25	advcl	_	_
29	with	with	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
30	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
31	text	text	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	obl	_	_
32	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	33	cc	_	_
33	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	31	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **seem** | would | it |  |  |  |  | indeed *property* | vn seem-109-1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **endeavor** | past | every commentator |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **read** | to-infinitive | every commentator *not said here* | commentator's own views and theories |  | this little book |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent view=Topic |
| 4 | **agree** *speech: agree* | past | views *= view* |  |  |  |  | with the text | vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V PP.co-agent how S»: agent=Agent with text=Co-Agent |
| 5 | **view** |  | commentator |  |  |  |  |  | nom view «cognition transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:theory:x3:2
# text = (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Mordell	Mordell	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
4	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	Origin	Origin	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Letters	letter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	Numerals	numeral	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	conj	_	_
10	according	accord	VERB	VBG	ExtPos=ADP|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	12	case	_	_
11	to	to	ADP	IN	_	10	fixed	_	_
12	Sefer	Sefer	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
13	Yetzirah	Yetzirah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	flat	_	_
14	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	1914	1914	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	list	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	))	))	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **accord** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Darwin's theory of evolution explains how living things change over time.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:theory:x4:1
# text = Darwin's theory of evolution explains how living things change over time.
1	Darwin	Darwin	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	's	PART	POS	_	1	case	_	_
3	theory	theory	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	evolution	evolution	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
6	explains	explain	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	10	advmod	_	_
8	living	living	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nsubj	_	_
10	change	change	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	ccomp	_	_
11	over	over	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **explain** *speech: assert* | present | Darwin's theory of evolution |  |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **change** | present | living things |  |  |  | time |  | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I have a theory that the cat ate the fish fingers.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:theory:x5:1
# text = I have a theory that the cat ate the fish fingers.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	theory	theory	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	cat	cat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
8	ate	eat	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	fish	fish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	fingers	finger	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | I | a theory |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent theory=Patient |
| 2 | **eat** | past | the cat | the fish fingers |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent finger=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In theory, the bus comes every ten minutes, but it never does.

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:theory:x6:1
# text = In theory, the bus comes every ten minutes, but it never does.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	theory	theory	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	bus	bus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	comes	come	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	9	det	_	_
8	ten	ten	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	9	nummod	_	_
9	minutes	minute	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
11	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
12	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
13	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	14	advmod	_	_
14	does	do	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | present | the bus |  |  | theory | minute |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in theory=Location |
| 2 | **not** **do** | present | bus |  |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The detective tested her theory by checking the footprints.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:theory:x7:1
# text = The detective tested her theory by checking the footprints.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	detective	detective	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	tested	test	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	theory	theory	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
7	checking	check	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	footprints	footprint	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **test** | past | the detective | detective's theory |  |  |  |  | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent theory=Theme |
| 2 | **check** | gerund | the detective *not said here* | the footprints |  |  |  |  | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent footprint=Theme |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I passed my music theory exam.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:theory:x8:1
# text = I passed my music theory exam.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	passed	pass	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
4	music	music	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	theory	theory	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	exam	exam	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pass** | past | I | my theory exam |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1-3 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme exam=Trajectory |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Scientists test a theory by doing experiments.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:theory:x9:1
# text = Scientists test a theory by doing experiments.
1	Scientists	scientist	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	test	test	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	theory	theory	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
6	doing	do	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
7	experiments	experiment	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **test** | present | Scientists | a theory |  |  |  |  | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent theory=Theme |
| 2 | **do** | gerund | Scientists *not said here* | experiments |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent experiment=Eventuality |

## Example 10 {#x10}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
(informal) Some people believe in silly conspiracy theories.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:theory:x10:1
# text = (informal) Some people believe in silly conspiracy theories.
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	informal	informal	NUM	LS	_	6	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
4	Some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	5	det	_	_
5	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
6	believe	believe	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	silly	silly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
9	conspiracy	conspiracy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	theories	theory	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **believe** | present | some people |  |  | silly conspiracy theories |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer |

## Example 11 {#x11}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"I am not prepared to form a theory about these stories.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:theory:x11:1
# text = "I am not prepared to form a theory about these stories.
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
3	am	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
4	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	5	advmod	_	_
5	prepared	prepare	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	form	form	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	xcomp	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	theory	theory	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
10	about	about	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	these	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	12	det	_	_
12	stories	story	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **prepare** *in a quote* | present · passive |  | I |  |  |  |  | vn hire-13.5.3 «NP V NP to be NP»: subject=Theme clause=Attribute |
| 2 | **form** *not said to happen, in a quote* | to-infinitive |  | a theory |  |  |  | about this stories | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location theory=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [theoretical](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/judaism/T/theoretical/)
- next →: [theosophical](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/judaism/T/theosophical/)
- ↑ back to [T in Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/judaism/T/)