---
title: top — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «top» in the Judaism dictionary: The top is the highest part of something: the top of the hill. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# top

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** top, spinning, top toy, Esther, Balak, that · **What happens:** be, spin, mean, top, top off, finish · **To what, where:** highest part, upper surface, piece, top, top toy, point · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«top» in the Judaism dictionary: its 7 meanings for a pupil and its 13 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [top in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/top.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The top is the highest part of something: the top of the hill.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:top:m1:1
# text = The top is the highest part of something: the top of the hill.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	top	top	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	highest	high	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	6	amod	_	_
6	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	top	top	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	hill	hill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the top | the highest part and the top of the hill |  |  |  | of something | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The top is the upper surface or the lid: the top of the table, a bottle top.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:top:m2:1
# text = The top is the upper surface or the lid: the top of the table, a bottle top.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	top	top	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	upper	upper	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	surface	surface	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	lid	lid	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	top	top	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	table	table	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
18	bottle	bottle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	compound	_	_
19	top	top	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the top | the upper surface or the lid |  |  |  | the top of the table and a bottle top *nmod* | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A top is a piece of clothing for the upper body, like a T-shirt.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:top:m3:1
# text = A top is a piece of clothing for the upper body, like a T-shirt.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	top	top	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	piece	piece	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	clothing	clothing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
8	for	for	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	upper	upper	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
13	like	like	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
15	T	t	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	shirt	shirt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a top | a piece and a T shirt |  |  |  | of clothing; for the upper body | tree rules |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A top (spinning top) is a toy that spins on a point.

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:top:m4:1
# text = A top (spinning top) is a toy that spins on a point.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
2	top	top	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
3	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	spinning	spin	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	9	csubj	_	_
5	top	top	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	5	punct	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	toy	toy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
10	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	11	nsubj	_	_
11	spins	spin	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	acl:relcl	_	_
12	on	on	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	point	point	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **spin** | gerund |  | top |  |  |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent top=Theme |
| 2 | **is a** | present | spinning | a top toy |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **spin** | present | a top toy |  |  | a point |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme on point=Trajectory |

## Meaning 5 {#m5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Top means best or highest: the top mark, top speed.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:top:m5:1
# text = Top means best or highest: the top mark, top speed.
1	Top	top	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	best	well	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	2	advmod	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	highest	high	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	top	top	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	mark	mark	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	top	top	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	speed	speed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Top |  |  |  |  | well *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 6 {#m6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To top something is to put something on it, or to be better than it.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:top:m6:1
# text = To top something is to put something on it, or to be better than it.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	top	top	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	advcl	_	_
3	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	put	put	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	6	obj	_	_
8	on	on	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
11	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
12	to	to	PART	TO	_	14	mark	_	_
13	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	cop	_	_
14	better	good	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	6	conj	_	_
15	than	than	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **top** | to-infinitive |  | something |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme something=Co-Theme |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  | it |  | put *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **is** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | than it; good *property* | tree rules |

## Meaning 7 {#m7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To top something off means to finish it, often with a final touch.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:top:m7:1
# text = To top something off means to finish it, often with a final touch.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	top	top	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	csubj	_	_
3	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obj	_	_
4	off	off	ADP	RP	_	2	compound:prt	_	_
5	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	finish	finish	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	xcomp	_	_
8	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
10	often	often	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
11	with	with	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	final	final	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	touch	touch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **top off** | to-infinitive |  | something |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme something=Co-Theme |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **finish** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  | it |  |  |  | with a final touch | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality PP.subeventuality»: agent=Affector it=Eventuality with touch=Subeventuality |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
So Esther drew near, and touched the top of the sceptre. (Writings EST.5.2, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* So Esther drew near, and touched the top of the sceptre.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:top:x1:1
# text = So Esther drew near, and touched the top of the sceptre.
1	So	so	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
2	Esther	Esther	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	drew	draw	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	near	near	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	touched	touch	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	top	top	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	sceptre	sceptre	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **draw** | past | Esther |  |  |  |  | near *property* | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **touch** | past | Esther *not said here* | the top of the sceptre |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme top=Co-Theme |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings EST.5.2, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:top:x1:2
# text = (Writings EST.5.2, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	EST.5.2	EST.5.2	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And Balak took Balaam unto the top of Peor, that looketh down upon the desert. (Torah NUM.23.28, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* And Balak took Balaam unto the top of Peor, that looketh down upon the desert.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:top:x2:1
# text = And Balak took Balaam unto the top of Peor, that looketh down upon the desert.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	Balak	Balak	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	Balaam	Balaam	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	top	top	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	Peor	Peor	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	12	nsubj	_	_
12	looketh	look	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
13	down	down	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
14	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	desert	desert	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | past | Balak |  | Balaam |  |  | unto the top of Peor | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP ADVP»: agent=Instrument balaam=Destination |
| 2 | **look down** | present | that |  |  |  |  | upon the desert; down *property* | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent upon desert=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Torah NUM.23.28, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:top:x2:2
# text = (Torah NUM.23.28, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	NUM.23.28	NUM.23.28	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In the top of high places by the way, where the paths meet, she standeth; (Writings PRO.8.2, JPS 1917)

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:top:x3:1
# text = In the top of high places by the way, where the paths meet, she standeth; (Writings PRO.8.2, JPS 1917)
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	top	top	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	high	high	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	places	place	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	_
7	by	by	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
11	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	14	advmod	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	paths	path	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	nsubj	_	_
14	meet	meet	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
16	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	nsubj	_	_
17	standeth	stand	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	17	punct	_	_
19	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	obj	_	_
21	PRO.8.2	PRO.8.2	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
23	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	21	flat	_	_
24	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	21	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	20	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **meet** | present | the paths |  |  |  |  |  | vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **stand** | present | she | Writings |  | the top of high places by the way |  |  | vn put\_spatial-9.2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent writing=Theme in top=Destination |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And he went up to him; and, behold, he sat on the top of the hill. (Prophets 2KI.1.9, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* And he went up to him; and, behold, he sat on the top of the hill.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:top:x4:1
# text = And he went up to him; and, behold, he sat on the top of the hill.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	up	up	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
10	behold	behold	INTJ	UH	_	13	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
12	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
13	sat	sit	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
14	on	on	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	top	top	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
17	of	of	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	hill	hill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go up** | past | he |  | him *= he* |  |  |  | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |
| 2 | **sit** | past | he |  |  | the top of the hill |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on top=Location |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Prophets 2KI.1.9, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:top:x4:2
# text = (Prophets 2KI.1.9, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Prophets	prophet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	2KI.1.9	2KI.1.9	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod:unmarked	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She put 5 books on the top shelf.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:top:x5:1
# text = She put 5 books on the top shelf.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	put	put	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	5	5	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	books	book	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	top	top	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	shelf	shelf	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **put** | past | She | 5 books |  | the top shelf |  |  | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: agent=Agent book=Theme on shelf=Destination |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He climbed to the top of the hill in 30 minutes.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:top:x6:1
# text = He climbed to the top of the hill in 30 minutes.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	climbed	climb	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	top	top	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	hill	hill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	30	30	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	11	nummod	_	_
11	minutes	minute	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **climb** | past | He |  |  | the top of the hill | minute |  | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme to top=Destination |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mia bought 3 tops for 12 dollars each.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:top:x7:1
# text = Mia bought 3 tops for 12 dollars each.
1	Mia	Mia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	bought	buy	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	3	3	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	tops	top	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	12	12	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
7	dollars	dollar	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
8	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **buy** | past | Mia | 3 tops |  |  |  | for 12 dollars | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP.beneficiary NP»: agent=Agent top=Beneficiary each=Theme |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The top layer has 10 cookies.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:top:x8:1
# text = The top layer has 10 cookies.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	top	top	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	layer	layer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	10	10	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
6	cookies	cookie	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | the top layer | 10 cookies |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cookie=Patient |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The top number of a fraction tells how many parts you have.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:top:x9:1
# text = The top number of a fraction tells how many parts you have.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	top	top	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	number	number	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	fraction	fraction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
7	tells	tell	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	9	advmod	_	_
9	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	parts	part	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	_
11	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
12	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tell** *speech: assert* | present | the top number of a fraction | many parts |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent part=Recipient |
| 2 | **have** | present | you | many parts *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent part=Patient |

## Example 10 {#x10}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Put the top back on the glue stick.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:top:x10:1
# text = Put the top back on the glue stick.
1	Put	put	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	top	top	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	back	back	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	glue	glue	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	stick	stick	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **put back** | imperative | you *not said here* | the top |  | the glue stick |  |  | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: agent=Agent top=Theme on stick=Destination |

## Example 11 {#x11}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She came top of the class in spelling.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:top:x11:1
# text = She came top of the class in spelling.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	top	top	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	class	class	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	spelling	spelling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | past | She |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 12 {#x12}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The spinning top wobbled and fell over.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:top:x12:1
# text = The spinning top wobbled and fell over.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	spinning	spin	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	amod	_	_
3	top	top	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	wobbled	wobble	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	fell	fall	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
7	over	over	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **spin** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **wobble** | past | the spinning top |  |  |  |  |  | vn modes\_of\_being\_with\_motion-47.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **fall over** | past | the spinning top *not said here* |  |  |  |  | over *property* | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 13 {#x13}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
‘Top Off,’ said the Cat drily.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:top:x13:1
# text = ‘Top Off,’ said the Cat drily.
1	‘	'	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Top	Top	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	Off	off	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	’	'	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
6	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	Cat	cat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	drily	drily	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Top | the Cat |  |  |  | drily *property* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent cat=Topic |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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