---
title: torch — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «torch» in the Judaism dictionary: In the UK, Ireland, Australia and New Zealand, a torch is a small electric light you hold in your hand and that works with batteries; in the USA and Canada this is a flashlight. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# torch

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** torch, you, that, this, something, it · **What happens:** be, hold, work, mean, set, come · **To what, where:** small electric light, UK, hand, flashlight, USA, stick · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«torch» in the Judaism dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 13 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [torch in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/torch.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In the UK, Ireland, Australia and New Zealand, a torch is a small electric light you hold in your hand and that works with batteries; in the USA and Canada this is a flashlight.

<!-- fold The tree, 34 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:torch:m1:1
# text = In the UK, Ireland, Australia and New Zealand, a torch is a small electric light you hold in your hand and that works with batteries; in the USA and Canada this is a flashlight.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	UK	UK	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	Ireland	Ireland	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	Australia	Australia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
9	New	New	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	flat	_	_
10	Zealand	Zealand	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	torch	torch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nsubj	_	_
14	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	18	cop	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
16	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
17	electric	electric	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
19	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	20	nsubj	_	_
20	hold	hold	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	18	acl:relcl	_	_
21	in	in	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	23	nmod:poss	_	_
23	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obl	_	_
24	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
25	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	26	nsubj	_	_
26	works	work	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	20	conj	_	_
27	with	with	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
28	batteries	battery	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	26	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	38	punct	_	_
30	in	in	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
31	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
32	USA	USA	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	38	obl	_	_
33	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	34	cc	_	_
34	Canada	Canada	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	32	conj	_	_
35	this	this	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	38	nsubj	_	_
36	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	38	cop	_	_
37	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	38	det	_	_
38	flashlight	flashlight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
39	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	18	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a torch | a small electric light and a flashlight |  | the UK and Ireland and Australia and New Zealand |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **hold** | present | you | a small electric light and a flashlight *not said here* |  | your hand |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent light=Theme in hand=Location |
| 3 | **work** | present | that |  |  |  |  | with batteries | vn cooperate-73.1-3 «NP V PP.co-agent PP.theme»: agent=Agent with battery=Co-Agent |
| 4 | **is a** | present | this | a flashlight |  | the USA and Canada |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A torch is also a stick with a flame at the top, like the Olympic torch.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:torch:m2:1
# text = A torch is also a stick with a flame at the top, like the Olympic torch.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	torch	torch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	also	also	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	stick	stick	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	flame	flame	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
10	at	at	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	top	top	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
14	like	like	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
16	Olympic	olympic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	torch	torch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a torch | a stick and the Olympic torch |  |  |  | with a flame at the top | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To torch something means to set it on fire on purpose.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:torch:m3:1
# text = To torch something means to set it on fire on purpose.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	torch	torch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	4	nsubj	_	_
4	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	set	set	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	ccomp	_	_
7	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	obj	_	_
8	on	on	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
10	on	on	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	purpose	purpose	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | something |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **set** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  | it |  | fire |  | on purpose | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme on fire=Destination |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And it came to pass, that, when the sun went down, and there was thick darkness, behold a smoking furnace, and a flaming torch that passed between these pieces. (Torah GEN.15.17, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* And it came to pass, that, when the sun went down, and there was thick darkness, behold a smoking furnace, and a flaming torch that passed between these pieces.

<!-- fold The tree, 29 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:torch:x1:1
# text = And it came to pass, that, when the sun went down, and there was thick darkness, behold a smoking furnace, and a flaming torch that passed between these pieces.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	pass	pass	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
9	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	12	advmod	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	sun	sun	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
12	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
13	down	down	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
16	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	17	expl	_	_
17	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	19	cop	_	_
18	thick	thick	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	darkness	darkness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
21	behold	behold	INTJ	UH	_	24	discourse	_	_
22	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
23	smoking	smoking	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	compound	_	_
24	furnace	furnace	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	29	punct	_	_
26	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	29	cc	_	_
27	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
28	flaming	flaming	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	compound	_	_
29	torch	torch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
30	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	31	nsubj	_	_
31	passed	pass	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	29	acl:relcl	_	_
32	between	between	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
33	these	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	34	det	_	_
34	pieces	piece	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	31	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | past | it | a smoking furnace |  |  |  | a flaming torch *obl* | tree rules |
| 2 | **pass** | to-infinitive |  | that |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **go down** | past | the sun |  |  |  |  | down *property* | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |
| 4 | **is a** | past |  | thick darkness |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **pass** | past | a flaming torch |  |  | this pieces |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme between piece=Location |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Torah GEN.15.17, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:torch:x1:2
# text = (Torah GEN.15.17, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	GEN.15.17	GEN.15.17	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Out of his mouth go burning torches, and sparks of fire leap forth. (Writings JOB.41.11, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Out of his mouth go burning torches, and sparks of fire leap forth.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:torch:x2:1
# text = Out of his mouth go burning torches, and sparks of fire leap forth.
1	Out	out	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	mouth	mouth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
5	go	go	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	burning	burn	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	xcomp	_	_
7	torches	torch	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	sparks	spark	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	compound	_	_
13	leap	leap	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
14	forth	forth	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | present |  | sparks of fire leap |  | his mouth |  | forth *property* | vn say-37.7 «NP V S-Quote»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **burn** | gerund |  | torches |  |  |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent torch=Theme |
| 3 | **spark** |  | fire leap |  |  |  |  |  | nom spark «event intransitive»: of=agent |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings JOB.41.11, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:torch:x2:2
# text = (Writings JOB.41.11, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	JOB.41.11	JOB.41.11	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And Samson went and caught three hundred foxes, and took torches, and turned tail to tail, and put a torch in the midst between every two tails. (Prophets JDG.15.4, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* And Samson went and caught three hundred foxes, and took torches, and turned tail to tail, and put a torch in the midst between every two tails.

<!-- fold The tree, 27 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:torch:x3:1
# text = And Samson went and caught three hundred foxes, and took torches, and turned tail to tail, and put a torch in the midst between every two tails.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	Samson	Samson	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	caught	catch	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
6	three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	7	compound	_	_
7	hundred	hundred	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	8	nummod	_	_
8	foxes	fox	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
12	torches	torch	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	turned	turn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	conj	_	_
16	tail	tail	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obj	_	_
17	to	to	PART	TO	_	18	mark	_	_
18	tail	tail	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
21	put	put	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	conj	_	_
22	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	torch	torch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obj	_	_
24	in	in	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	midst	midst	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obl	_	_
27	between	between	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
28	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	30	det	_	_
29	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	30	nummod	_	_
30	tails	tail	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	26	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | past | Samson |  |  |  |  |  | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **catch** | past | Samson *not said here* | hundred foxes |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fox=Theme |
| 3 | **take** | past |  | torches |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent torch=Theme |
| 4 | **turn** | past |  | tail |  |  |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent tail=Theme |
| 5 | **put** | infinitive |  | a torch |  | the midst between every two tails |  |  | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent torch=Theme in midst=Destination |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Prophets JDG.15.4, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:torch:x3:2
# text = (Prophets JDG.15.4, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Prophets	prophet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	JDG.15.4	JDG.15.4	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And he divided the three hundred men into three companies, and he put into the hands of all of them horns, and empty pitchers, with torches within the pitchers. (Prophets JDG.7.16, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* And he divided the three hundred men into three companies, and he put into the hands of all of them horns, and empty pitchers, with torches within the pitchers.

<!-- fold The tree, 29 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:torch:x4:1
# text = And he divided the three hundred men into three companies, and he put into the hands of all of them horns, and empty pitchers, with torches within the pitchers.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	divided	divide	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
5	three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	6	compound	_	_
6	hundred	hundred	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
7	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
8	into	into	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	10	nummod	_	_
10	companies	company	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
13	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
14	put	put	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
15	into	into	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	hands	hand	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obl	_	_
18	of	of	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
19	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	22	nsubj	_	_
20	of	of	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	nmod	_	_
22	horns	horn	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
24	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
25	empty	empty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	26	amod	_	_
26	pitchers	pitcher	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	29	punct	_	_
28	with	with	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
29	torches	torch	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	26	conj	_	_
30	within	within	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
31	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
32	pitchers	pitcher	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **divide** | past | he | the hundred men |  | three companies |  | within the pitchers; empty pitchers and torches *obl* | vn multiply-108-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent man=Theme |
| 2 | **put** | past | he |  |  | the hands of horns |  |  | vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Prophets JDG.7.16, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:torch:x4:2
# text = (Prophets JDG.7.16, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Prophets	prophet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	JDG.7.16	JDG.7.16	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Take a torch with you when we go camping.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:torch:x5:1
# text = Take a torch with you when we go camping.
1	Take	take	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	torch	torch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	with	with	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	1	obl	_	_
6	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	8	advmod	_	_
7	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	go	go	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	advcl	_	_
9	camping	camp	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	8	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | imperative | you *not said here* | a torch |  |  |  | with you | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent torch=Theme |
| 2 | **go** | present | we |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7 «NP V S-Quote»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **camp** | gerund | we *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn odge-46-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Shine the torch under the bed to find my sock.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:torch:x6:1
# text = Shine the torch under the bed to find my sock.
1	Shine	shine	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	torch	torch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	under	under	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	bed	bed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	find	find	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	advcl	_	_
9	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	sock	sock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **shine** | imperative | you *not said here* | the torch |  | the bed |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent torch=Theme |
| 2 | **find** | to-infinitive | you *not said here* | my sock |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sock=Topic |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The power went off, so we used a torch.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:torch:x7:1
# text = The power went off, so we used a torch.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	power	power	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	off	off	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
6	so	so	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
7	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	used	use	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	torch	torch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go off** | past | the power |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-2 «NP V ADV»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **use** | past | we | a torch |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent torch=Patient |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In America, a torch is called a flashlight.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:torch:x8:1
# text = In America, a torch is called a flashlight.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	America	America	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	torch	torch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj:pass	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux:pass	_	_
7	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	flashlight	flashlight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **call** | present · passive |  | a torch |  | America |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The runner carried the Olympic torch.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:torch:x9:1
# text = The runner carried the Olympic torch.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	runner	runner	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	carried	carry	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	Olympic	olympic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	torch	torch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **carry** | past | the runner | the Olympic torch |  |  |  |  | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent torch=Theme |

## Example 10 {#x10}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We made shadow puppets with a torch on the wall.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:torch:x10:1
# text = We made shadow puppets with a torch on the wall.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	shadow	shadow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	puppets	puppet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	torch	torch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
8	on	on	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	wall	wall	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | We | shadow puppets |  | the wall |  | with a torch | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent puppet=Product |

## Example 11 {#x11}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Check the torch batteries before the trip.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:torch:x11:1
# text = Check the torch batteries before the trip.
1	Check	check	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	torch	torch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	batteries	battery	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
5	before	before	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	trip	trip	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **check** | imperative | you *not said here* | the torch batteries |  |  | before the trip |  | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent battery=Theme |

## Example 12 {#x12}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Explorers used burning torches to see in the cave.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:torch:x12:1
# text = Explorers used burning torches to see in the cave.
1	Explorers	explorer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	used	use	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	burning	burn	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	amod	_	_
4	torches	torch	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	cave	cave	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | past | Explorers | burning torches |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent torch=Patient |
| 2 | **burn** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **see** | to-infinitive | Explorers *not said here* |  |  | the cave |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |

## Example 13 {#x13}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Hecate appears as a gigantic woman, bearing a torch and a sword.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:torch:x13:1
# text = Hecate appears as a gigantic woman, bearing a torch and a sword.
1	Hecate	Hecate	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	appears	appear	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	as	as	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	gigantic	gigantic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	woman	woman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	bearing	bear	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	torch	torch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	sword	sword	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **appear** | present | Hecate |  |  |  |  | as a gigantic woman | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **bear** | gerund | Hecate *not said here* | a torch and a sword |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent torch=Patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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