---
title: trade — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «trade» in the Judaism dictionary: Trade is the buying and selling of goods between people, shops or countries. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# trade

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Trade, job, ye, land, They, Vedan · **What happens:** be, sell, need, dwell, trade, get · **To what, where:** buying, job, skill, single swap, ye, possessions

<!-- .vabout -->
«trade» in the Judaism dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 13 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [trade in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/trade.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Trade is the buying and selling of goods between people, shops or countries.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:trade:m1:1
# text = Trade is the buying and selling of goods between people, shops or countries.
1	Trade	trade	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	buying	buying	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	selling	sell	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	conj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	goods	goods	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan	6	obl	_	_
9	between	between	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
12	shops	shop	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	conj	_	_
13	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	countries	country	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Trade | the buying |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **sell** | gerund | Trade *not said here* |  |  |  |  | of goods; between people and shops or countries | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To trade is to swap one thing for another.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:trade:m2:1
# text = To trade is to swap one thing for another.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	trade	trade	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	swap	swap	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
7	thing	thing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	another	another	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | trade |  |  |  |  | for another; swap *property* | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A trade is a job that needs skill with the hands, like a plumber or electrician.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:trade:m3:1
# text = A trade is a job that needs skill with the hands, like a plumber or electrician.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	trade	trade	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	job	job	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
7	needs	need	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
8	skill	skill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
9	with	with	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	hands	hand	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
13	like	like	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	plumber	plumber	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	parataxis	_	_
16	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	electrician	electrician	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a trade | a job |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **need** | present | a job | skill |  |  |  | with the hands | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot skill=Theme |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A trade is a single swap or deal.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:trade:m4:1
# text = A trade is a single swap or deal.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	trade	trade	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	single	single	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	swap	swap	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	deal	deal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a trade | a single swap or deal |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And ye shall dwell with us; and the land shall be before you; dwell and trade ye therein, and get you possessions therein.' (Torah GEN.34.10, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* And ye shall dwell with us; and the land shall be before you; dwell and trade ye therein, and get you possessions therein.'

<!-- fold The tree, 23 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:trade:x1:1
# text = And ye shall dwell with us; and the land shall be before you; dwell and trade ye therein, and get you possessions therein.'
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
2	ye	ye	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	4	nsubj	_	_
3	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	dwell	dwell	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nsubj	_	_
11	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	14	aux	_	_
12	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	cop	_	_
13	before	before	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
16	dwell	dwell	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	trade	trade	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	16	conj	_	_
19	ye	ye	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	18	obj	_	_
20	therein	therein	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
23	get	get	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	_
24	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	23	obj	_	_
25	possessions	possession	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	obj	_	_
26	therein	therein	ADV	RB	_	23	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **dwell** | shall | ye |  |  |  |  | with us | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme with we=Location |
| 2 | **is** | shall | the land |  |  |  | before you |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **dwell** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **trade** | infinitive |  | ye |  |  |  | therein *property* | vn exchange-13.6.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ye=Theme |
| 5 | **get** | infinitive |  | possessions | you |  |  | therein *property* | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP.beneficiary NP»: agent=Agent you=Beneficiary possession=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Torah GEN.34.10, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:trade:x1:2
# text = (Torah GEN.34.10, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	GEN.34.10	GEN.34.10	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They of the house of Togarmah traded for thy wares with horses and horsemen and mules. (Prophets EZK.27.14, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* They of the house of Togarmah traded for thy wares with horses and horsemen and mules.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:trade:x2:1
# text = They of the house of Togarmah traded for thy wares with horses and horsemen and mules.
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	house	house	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Togarmah	Togarmah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
7	traded	trade	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	for	for	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	wares	ware	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	_
11	with	with	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	horses	horse	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nmod	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	horsemen	horseman	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	conj	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	mules	mule	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **trade** | past | They |  |  |  |  | for thy wares with horses and horsemen and mules | vn exchange-13.6.1 «NP V NP PP.co-theme»: agent=Agent for ware=Co-Theme |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Prophets EZK.27.14, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:trade:x2:2
# text = (Prophets EZK.27.14, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Prophets	prophet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	EZK.27.14	EZK.27.14	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Vedan and Javan traded with yarn for thy wares; massive iron, cassia, and calamus, were among thy merchandise. (Prophets EZK.27.19, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Vedan and Javan traded with yarn for thy wares; massive iron, cassia, and calamus, were among thy merchandise.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:trade:x3:1
# text = Vedan and Javan traded with yarn for thy wares; massive iron, cassia, and calamus, were among thy merchandise.
1	Vedan	Vedan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	Javan	Javan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	_
4	traded	trade	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	yarn	yarn	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	wares	ware	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	massive	massive	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	iron	iron	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
14	cassia	cassia	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	calamus	calamus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
19	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	22	cop	_	_
20	among	among	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	22	nmod:poss	_	_
22	merchandise	merchandise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **trade** | past | Vedan and Javan | massive iron and cassia and calamus |  |  |  | with yarn; for thy wares | vn exchange-13.6.1 «NP V NP PP.co-theme»: agent=Agent for ware=Co-Theme |
| 2 | **is** | past |  |  |  |  |  | among thy merchandise | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Prophets EZK.27.19, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:trade:x3:2
# text = (Prophets EZK.27.19, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Prophets	prophet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	EZK.27.19	EZK.27.19	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Javan, Tubal, and Meshech, they were thy traffickers; they traded the persons of men and vessels of brass for thy merchandise. (Prophets EZK.27.13, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Javan, Tubal, and Meshech, they were thy traffickers; they traded the persons of men and vessels of brass for thy merchandise.

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:trade:x4:1
# text = Javan, Tubal, and Meshech, they were thy traffickers; they traded the persons of men and vessels of brass for thy merchandise.
1	Javan	Javan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
3	Tubal	tubal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	Meshech	Meshech	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
8	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
9	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
10	thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	traffickers	trafficker	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	14	punct	_	_
13	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
14	traded	trade	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	persons	person	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obj	_	_
17	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	nmod	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
20	vessels	vessel	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	conj	_	_
21	of	of	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	brass	brass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	nmod	_	_
23	for	for	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
24	thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	25	nmod:poss	_	_
25	merchandise	merchandise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	14	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | Javan | thy traffickers |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **trade** | past | Javan and Meshech and thy traffickers | the persons of men and vessels of brass |  |  |  | for thy merchandise | vn exchange-13.6.1 «NP V NP PP.co-theme»: agent=Agent person=Theme for merchandise=Co-Theme |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Prophets EZK.27.13, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:trade:x4:2
# text = (Prophets EZK.27.13, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Prophets	prophet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	EZK.27.13	EZK.27.13	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I traded my apple for her biscuit.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:trade:x5:1
# text = I traded my apple for her biscuit.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	traded	trade	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	apple	apple	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	biscuit	biscuit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **trade** | past | I | my apple |  |  |  | for her biscuit | vn exchange-13.6.1 «NP V NP PP.co-theme»: agent=Agent apple=Theme for biscuit=Co-Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ancient ships carried trade across the sea.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:trade:x6:1
# text = Ancient ships carried trade across the sea.
1	Ancient	ancient	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	ships	ship	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	carried	carry	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	trade	trade	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	across	across	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **carry** | past | Ancient ships | trade |  | the sea |  |  | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent trade=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Vikings traded furs and silver.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:trade:x7:1
# text = The Vikings traded furs and silver.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Vikings	Viking	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	traded	trade	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	furs	fur	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	silver	silver	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **trade** | past | the Vikings | furs and silver |  |  |  |  | vn exchange-13.6.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fur=Theme |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Do you want to trade cards?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:trade:x8:1
# text = Do you want to trade cards?
1	Do	do	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
2	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	want	want	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	trade	trade	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	cards	card	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **want** | present · do-support | you |  |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme |
| 2 | **trade** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | you *not said here* | cards |  |  |  |  | vn exchange-13.6.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent card=Theme |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My uncle is a builder by trade.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:trade:x9:1
# text = My uncle is a builder by trade.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	uncle	uncle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	builder	builder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	trade	trade	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | My uncle | a builder |  |  |  | by trade | tree rules |

## Example 10 {#x10}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
That was a fair trade.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:trade:x10:1
# text = That was a fair trade.
1	That	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	5	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	fair	fair	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	trade	trade	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | That | a fair trade |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 11 {#x11}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Fair trade chocolate gives farmers a better price.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:trade:x11:1
# text = Fair trade chocolate gives farmers a better price.
1	Fair	fair	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
2	trade	trade	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	chocolate	chocolate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	gives	give	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	farmers	farmer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	iobj	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	better	good	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	8	amod	_	_
8	price	price	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | present | Fair trade chocolate | a better price | farmers |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent farmer=Recipient price=Theme |

## Example 12 {#x12}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Dad traded in his old car for a new one.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:trade:x12:1
# text = Dad traded in his old car for a new one.
1	Dad	dad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	traded	trade	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
5	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	car	car	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **trade** | past | Dad |  |  | Dad's old car |  | for a new one | vn exchange-13.6.1 «NP V NP PP.co-theme»: agent=Agent for one=Co-Theme |

## Example 13 {#x13}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
You yourself asked me my trade.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:trade:x13:1
# text = You yourself asked me my trade.
1	You	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	yourself	yourself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	1	nmod	_	_
3	asked	ask	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	iobj	_	_
5	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	trade	trade	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ask** *speech: ask* | past | You | my trade | me |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **trade** |  | my |  |  |  |  |  | nom trade «act transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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