---
title: traitor — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «traitor» in the Judaism dictionary: A traitor is a person who betrays their country, for example by helping its enemies. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# traitor

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** traitor, person, friends, Fawkes, Jake, friend · **What happens:** be, betray, help, belong, give away, change · **To what, where:** person, country, enemies, someone, friends, group · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«traitor» in the Judaism dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [traitor in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/traitor.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A traitor is a person who betrays their country, for example by helping its enemies.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:traitor:m1:1
# text = A traitor is a person who betrays their country, for example by helping its enemies.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	traitor	traitor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
7	betrays	betray	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
8	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	for	for	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	example	example	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
13	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	14	mark	_	_
14	helping	help	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	7	advcl	_	_
15	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	16	nmod:poss	_	_
16	enemies	enemy	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a traitor | a person |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **betray** | present | a person | their country |  |  |  | for example | tree rules |
| 3 | **help** | gerund | a person *not said here* | traitor's enemies |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent enemy=Beneficiary |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A traitor is someone who betrays friends, a team or a group they belonged to, by giving away secrets or changing sides.

<!-- fold The tree, 22 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:traitor:m2:1
# text = A traitor is someone who betrays friends, a team or a group they belonged to, by giving away secrets or changing sides.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	traitor	traitor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	0	root	_	_
5	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	6	nsubj	_	_
6	betrays	betray	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl:relcl	_	_
7	friends	friend	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	team	team	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
11	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	group	group	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	_
14	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
15	belonged	belong	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	acl:relcl	_	_
16	to	to	ADP	IN	_	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
18	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	19	mark	_	_
19	giving	give	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	6	advcl	_	_
20	away	away	ADV	RB	_	19	advmod	_	_
21	secrets	secret	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	obj	_	_
22	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
23	changing	change	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	19	conj	_	_
24	sides	side	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a traitor | someone |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **betray** | present |  | friends |  |  |  | a team or a group *obl* | tree rules |
| 3 | **belong** | past | friends *= friend* | a group *not said here* |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **give away** | gerund |  | secrets |  |  |  | away *property* | vn contribute-13.2 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent secret=Theme |
| 5 | **change** | gerund |  | sides |  |  |  |  | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent side=Patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Thou therefore, O LORD God of hosts, the God of Israel, arouse Thyself to punish all the nations; show no mercy to any iniquitous traitors. (Writings PSA.59.6, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Thou therefore, O LORD God of hosts, the God of Israel, arouse Thyself to punish all the nations; show no mercy to any iniquitous traitors.

<!-- fold The tree, 25 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:traitor:x1:1
# text = Thou therefore, O LORD God of hosts, the God of Israel, arouse Thyself to punish all the nations; show no mercy to any iniquitous traitors.
1	Thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	6	nsubj	_	_
2	therefore	therefore	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
4	O	o	INTJ	UH	_	6	discourse	_	_
5	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	God	God	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	hosts	host	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	God	God	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	Israel	Israel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
15	arouse	arouse	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	6	parataxis	_	_
16	Thyself	thyself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes|Style=Arch	15	obj	_	_
17	to	to	PART	TO	_	18	mark	_	_
18	punish	punish	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	15	advcl	_	_
19	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	21	det:predet	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	nations	nation	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	23	punct	_	_
23	show	show	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	15	conj	_	_
24	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	25	det	_	_
25	mercy	mercy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obj	_	_
26	to	to	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
27	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	29	det	_	_
28	iniquitous	iniquitous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	29	amod	_	_
29	traitors	traitor	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **arouse** | infinitive |  | Thyself |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus thyself=Experiencer |
| 2 | **punish** | to-infinitive |  | all nations |  |  |  |  | vn prosecute-33.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent nation=Patient |
| 3 | **show** | infinitive |  | no mercy | any iniquitous traitors |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent mercy=Topic to traitor=Recipient |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings PSA.59.6, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:traitor:x1:2
# text = (Writings PSA.59.6, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	PSA.59.6	PSA.59.6	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The traitor gave the secret plans to the enemy.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:traitor:x2:1
# text = The traitor gave the secret plans to the enemy.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	traitor	traitor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	secret	secret	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	plans	plan	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	enemy	enemy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | past | the traitor | the secret plans | the enemy |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent plan=Theme to enemy=Recipient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Guy Fawkes was called a traitor for his plot against the king.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:traitor:x3:1
# text = Guy Fawkes was called a traitor for his plot against the king.
1	Guy	guy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	Fawkes	Fawkes	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	appos	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	traitor	traitor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	xcomp	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	plot	plot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
10	against	against	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **call** | past · passive |  | Guy |  |  |  | for Fawkes's plot against the king | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: subject=Theme for plot=Beneficiary |
| 2 | **plot** |  | Fawkes |  |  |  |  | against the king | nom plot «cognition transitive»: poss=agent against=obl |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"Traitor!" Jake joked when his friend joined the other team.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* "Traitor!"

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:traitor:x4:1
# text = "Traitor!"
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Traitor	traitor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* Jake joked when his friend joined the other team.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:traitor:x4:2
# text = Jake joked when his friend joined the other team.
1	Jake	Jake	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	joked	joke	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	6	mark	_	_
4	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	friend	friend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	joined	join	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	ccomp	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	team	team	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **joke** *speech: other* | past | Jake |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **join** | past | Jake's friend | the other team |  |  |  |  | vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent team=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She felt like a traitor for telling Mum the secret.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:traitor:x5:1
# text = She felt like a traitor for telling Mum the secret.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	felt	feel	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	like	like	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	traitor	traitor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
7	telling	tell	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
8	Mum	Mum	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	iobj	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	secret	secret	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **feel** | past | She |  |  |  |  | like a traitor | vn conjecture-29.5-2 «NP V S»: agent=Agent like traitor=Theme |
| 2 | **tell** *speech: assert* | gerund | She *not said here* | the secret | Mum |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent mum=Recipient secret=Topic |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In the story, the knight's best friend turned out to be a traitor.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:traitor:x6:1
# text = In the story, the knight's best friend turned out to be a traitor.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	story	story	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	knight	knight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	's	's	PART	POS	_	6	case	_	_
8	best	good	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	9	amod	_	_
9	friend	friend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
10	turned	turn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	out	out	ADP	RP	_	10	compound:prt	_	_
12	to	to	PART	TO	_	15	mark	_	_
13	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	15	cop	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	traitor	traitor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **turn out** | past | the knight's best friend |  |  | the story |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in story=Location |
| 2 | **is a** | to-infinitive | the knight's best friend *not said here* | a traitor |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Traitors were once taken through Traitors' Gate at the Tower of London.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:traitor:x7:1
# text = Traitors were once taken through Traitors' Gate at the Tower of London.
1	Traitors	traitor	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
3	once	once	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	4	advmod	_	_
4	taken	take	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	through	through	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	Traitors	traitor	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	'	's	PART	POS	_	6	case	_	_
8	Gate	Gate	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
9	at	at	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	Tower	Tower	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	London	London	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | past · passive |  | Traitors |  | Traitors's Gate |  | at the Tower of London; once *property* | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP PP.source NP.asset»: subject=Theme at tower=Asset |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He was no traitor; he only told the truth to stop someone getting hurt.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:traitor:x8:1
# text = He was no traitor; he only told the truth to stop someone getting hurt.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	4	det	_	_
4	traitor	traitor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	_
6	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
7	only	only	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	told	tell	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl:relcl	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	truth	truth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	to	to	PART	TO	_	12	mark	_	_
12	stop	stop	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	xcomp	_	_
13	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	12	obj	_	_
14	getting	get	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	13	acl	_	_
15	hurt	hurt	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	14	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | He | no traitor |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **tell** *speech: assert* | past | he | the truth |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent truth=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 3 | **stop** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | the truth *not said here* | someone |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality someone=Eventuality |
| 4 | **get** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 5 | **hurt** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
'Ah, traitor!' cried the wolf, howling with rage.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:traitor:x9:1
# text = 'Ah, traitor!' cried the wolf, howling with rage.
1	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Ah	ah	INTJ	UH	_	4	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	traitor	traitor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
7	cried	cry	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	wolf	wolf	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	howling	howl	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	7	advcl	_	_
12	with	with	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	rage	rage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cry** *speech: express* | past | traitor | the wolf |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wolf=Topic |
| 2 | **howl** | gerund | traitor *not said here* |  |  |  |  | with rage | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP.location V PP.theme»: agent=Location with rage=Theme |

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**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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<!-- pn -->
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