---
title: treason — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «treason» in the Judaism dictionary: Treason is the crime of betraying your own country, for example by helping its enemies or trying to overthrow its ruler or government. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# treason

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Treason, crime, example, Athaliah, Zimri, Selling · **What happens:** be, betray, help, try, overthrow, mean · **To what, where:** crime, own country, enemies, ruler, great betrayal, trust · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«treason» in the Judaism dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 11 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [treason in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/treason.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: law — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Treason is the crime of betraying your own country, for example by helping its enemies or trying to overthrow its ruler or government.

<!-- fold The tree, 23 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:treason:m1:1
# text = Treason is the crime of betraying your own country, for example by helping its enemies or trying to overthrow its ruler or government.
1	Treason	treason	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	crime	crime	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
6	betraying	betray	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	acl	_	_
7	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
8	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	for	for	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	example	example	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
13	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	14	mark	_	_
14	helping	help	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	12	acl	_	_
15	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	16	nmod:poss	_	_
16	enemies	enemy	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obj	_	_
17	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	trying	try	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	14	conj	_	_
19	to	to	PART	TO	_	20	mark	_	_
20	overthrow	overthrow	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	18	xcomp	_	_
21	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	22	nmod:poss	_	_
22	ruler	ruler	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obj	_	_
23	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
24	government	government	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Treason | the crime |  |  |  | for example | tree rules |
| 2 | **betray** | gerund | the crime *not said here* | your own country |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **help** | gerund | example *not said here* | Treason's enemies |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent enemy=Beneficiary |
| 4 | **try** | gerund | example *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn try-61.1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 5 | **overthrow** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | example *not said here* | Treason's ruler or government |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Treason can also mean any great betrayal of trust.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:treason:m2:1
# text = Treason can also mean any great betrayal of trust.
1	Treason	treason	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	also	also	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	mean	mean	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	7	det	_	_
6	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	betrayal	betrayal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	trust	trust	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | can | Treason | any great betrayal of trust |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent betrayal=Topic |
| 2 | **betray** |  |  | trust |  |  |  |  | nom betrayal «act transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Then Athaliah rent her clothes, and cried: 'Treason, treason.' (Prophets 2KI.11.14, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Then Athaliah rent her clothes, and cried: 'Treason, treason.'

<!-- fold The tree, 9 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:treason:x1:1
# text = Then Athaliah rent her clothes, and cried: 'Treason, treason.'
1	Then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	3	advmod	_	_
2	Athaliah	Athaliah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	rent	rend	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	clothes	clothes	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	cried	cry	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
10	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	Treason	treason	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
13	treason	treason	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rend** | past | Athaliah | Athaliah's clothes |  |  | then |  | vn break-45.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent clothes=Patient |
| 2 | **cry** *speech: express* | past | Athaliah *not said here* | Treason and treason |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Prophets 2KI.11.14, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:treason:x1:2
# text = (Prophets 2KI.11.14, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Prophets	prophet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	2KI.11.14	2KI.11.14	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod:unmarked	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Then Athaliah rent her clothes, and said: 'Treason, treason.' (Writings 2CH.23.13, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Then Athaliah rent her clothes, and said: 'Treason, treason.'

<!-- fold The tree, 9 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:treason:x2:1
# text = Then Athaliah rent her clothes, and said: 'Treason, treason.'
1	Then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	3	advmod	_	_
2	Athaliah	Athaliah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	rent	rend	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	clothes	clothes	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
10	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	Treason	treason	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
13	treason	treason	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rend** | past | Athaliah | Athaliah's clothes |  |  | then |  | vn break-45.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent clothes=Patient |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Treason and treason |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings 2CH.23.13, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:treason:x2:2
# text = (Writings 2CH.23.13, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	2CH.23.13	2CH.23.13	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod:unmarked	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Now the rest of the acts of Zimri, and his treason that he wrought, are they not written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Israel? (Prophets 1KI.16.20, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Now the rest of the acts of Zimri, and his treason that he wrought, are they not written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Israel?

<!-- fold The tree, 29 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:treason:x3:1
# text = Now the rest of the acts of Zimri, and his treason that he wrought, are they not written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Israel?
1	Now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	20	advmod	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	rest	rest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nsubj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	acts	act	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	Zimri	Zimri	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
11	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	treason	treason	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	appos	_	_
13	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	15	mark	_	_
14	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
15	wrought	wrought	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
17	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	20	aux:pass	_	_
18	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	20	nsubj:pass	_	_
19	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	20	advmod	_	_
20	written	write	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
21	in	in	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	book	book	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obl	_	_
24	of	of	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	chronicles	chronicle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	nmod	_	_
27	of	of	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
28	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
29	kings	king	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	26	nmod	_	_
30	of	of	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
31	Israel	Israel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	29	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	20	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **write** | present · passive |  | acts *= act* |  | the book of the chronicles of the kings of Israel | now |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme in book=Destination |
| 2 | **act** |  | Zimri |  |  |  |  |  | nom act «communication intransitive»: of=agent |
| 3 | **chronicle** |  |  | the kings of Israel |  |  |  |  | nom chronicle «communication transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Prophets 1KI.16.20, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:treason:x3:2
# text = (Prophets 1KI.16.20, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Prophets	prophet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	1KI.16.20	1KI.16.20	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod:unmarked	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Guy Fawkes was found guilty of treason.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:treason:x4:1
# text = Guy Fawkes was found guilty of treason.
1	Guy	guy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	Fawkes	Fawkes	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	appos	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	found	find	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	guilty	guilty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	xcomp	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	treason	treason	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **find** | past · passive |  | Guy |  |  |  | guilty *property* | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Selling secrets to an enemy country is treason.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:treason:x5:1
# text = Selling secrets to an enemy country is treason.
1	Selling	sell	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	8	csubj	_	_
2	secrets	secret	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
3	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	enemy	enemy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
8	treason	treason	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sell** | gerund |  | secrets | a enemy country |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent secret=Theme to country=Recipient |
| 2 | **is a** | present | Selling | treason |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In the old days, treason was punished by death.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:treason:x6:1
# text = In the old days, treason was punished by death.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	days	day	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
6	treason	treason	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj:pass	_	_
7	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux:pass	_	_
8	punished	punish	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
9	by	by	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	death	death	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **punish** | past · passive | death | treason |  |  | day |  | vn prosecute-33.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The knight was accused of treason against the king.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:treason:x7:1
# text = The knight was accused of treason against the king.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	knight	knight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	accused	accuse	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	treason	treason	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
7	against	against	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **accuse** | past · passive |  | the knight |  |  |  | of treason against the king | vn suspect-81 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: subject=Theme of treason=Attribute |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Bonfire Night remembers a plot that was treason.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:treason:x8:1
# text = Bonfire Night remembers a plot that was treason.
1	Bonfire	Bonfire	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	Night	Night	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	remembers	remember	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	plot	plot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
7	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
8	treason	treason	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **remember** | present | Bonfire Night | a plot and treason |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent plot=Theme |
| 2 | **is a** | past | that | treason |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Telling the other team our tactics felt like treason! (joking)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Telling the other team our tactics felt like treason!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:treason:x9:1
# text = Telling the other team our tactics felt like treason!
1	Telling	tell	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	7	csubj	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	team	team	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	tactics	tactic	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
7	felt	feel	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	like	like	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	treason	treason	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tell** *speech: assert* | gerund |  | the other team |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent team=Recipient |
| 2 | **feel** | past | our tactics |  |  |  |  | like treason | vn conjecture-29.5-2 «NP V S»: agent=Agent like treason=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (joking)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:treason:x9:2
# text = (joking)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	joking	joke	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **joke** *speech: other* | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn chit\_chat-37.6 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 10 {#x10}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A person who commits treason is called a traitor.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:treason:x10:1
# text = A person who commits treason is called a traitor.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	4	nsubj	_	_
4	commits	commit	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	acl:relcl	_	_
5	treason	treason	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux:pass	_	_
7	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	traitor	traitor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **commit** | present | a person | treason |  |  |  |  | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent treason=Theme |
| 2 | **call** | present · passive |  | a person |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient |

## Example 11 {#x11}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
This lord and others have accused you of treason, and several councils have been called in the most private manner on your account.

<!-- fold The tree, 23 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:treason:x11:1
# text = This lord and others have accused you of treason, and several councils have been called in the most private manner on your account.
1	This	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	2	det	_	_
2	lord	lord	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	others	other	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	conj	_	_
5	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
6	accused	accuse	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
7	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	6	obj	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	treason	treason	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
12	several	several	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	councils	council	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	nsubj:pass	_	_
14	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	aux	_	_
15	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	16	aux:pass	_	_
16	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	parataxis	_	_
17	in	in	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
19	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	20	advmod	_	_
20	private	private	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
21	manner	manner	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	_
22	on	on	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	24	nmod:poss	_	_
24	account	account	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **accuse** | present · perfect · passive |  | this lord and others |  |  |  | of treason | tree rules |
| 2 | **call** | present · perfect · passive |  | several councils |  | the private manner on your account |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient |
| 3 | **account** |  | your |  |  |  |  |  | nom account «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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