---
title: treatise — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «treatise» in the Judaism dictionary: A long, serious piece of writing that explains a subject in detail. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# treatise

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** long serious piece, you, E., commentator, He, treatise · **What happens:** explain, compare, mention, see, refer, write · **To what, where:** subject, detail, Talmud treatise, 43 substance, Berachoth, treatise

<!-- .vabout -->
«treatise» in the Judaism dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [treatise in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/treatise.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A long, serious piece of writing that explains a subject in detail.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:treatise:m1:1
# text = A long, serious piece of writing that explains a subject in detail.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
2	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	serious	serious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	piece	piece	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	writing	writing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
8	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	9	nsubj	_	_
9	explains	explain	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	subject	subject	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	detail	detail	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **explain** *speech: assert* | present | a long serious piece of writing | a subject |  | detail |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Topic |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Compare also the Talmud treatise Chagigah p. 12. (Sefer Yetzirah, Kalisch 1877)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Compare also the Talmud treatise Chagigah p. 12.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:treatise:x1:1
# text = Compare also the Talmud treatise Chagigah p. 12.
1	Compare	compare	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	also	also	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	Talmud	talmud	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	treatise	treatise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
6	Chagigah	Chagigah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	appos	_	_
7	p.	P.	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nmod:unmarked	_	_
8	12	12	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	6	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **compare** | imperative | you *not said here* | the Talmud treatise |  |  |  |  | vn amalgamate-22.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent treatise=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Sefer Yetzirah, Kalisch 1877)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:treatise:x1:2
# text = (Sefer Yetzirah, Kalisch 1877)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Sefer	Sefer	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	Yetzirah	Yetzirah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	Kalisch	Kalisch	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
6	1877	1877	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
43) The substance of this Mishnah is mentioned in the Talmud treatise Berachoth, p. 55, a. (Sefer Yetzirah, Kalisch 1877)

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:treatise:x2:1
# text = 43) The substance of this Mishnah is mentioned in the Talmud treatise Berachoth, p. 55, a. (Sefer Yetzirah, Kalisch 1877)
1	43	43	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	1	punct	_	_
3	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	substance	substance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj:pass	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	7	det	_	_
7	Mishnah	Mishnah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux:pass	_	_
9	mentioned	mention	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	Talmud	Talmud	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	compound	_	_
13	treatise	treatise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
14	Berachoth	Berachoth	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
16	p.	P.	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	nmod:unmarked	_	_
17	55	55	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	14	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
19	a.	A.	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	conj	_	_
20	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	22	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	Sefer	Sefer	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	22	compound	_	_
22	Yetzirah	Yetzirah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
24	Kalisch	Kalisch	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	22	conj	_	_
25	1877	1877	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	22	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	22	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mention** *speech: other* | present · passive |  | the 43 substance of this Mishnah |  | the Talmud treatise |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: subject=Topic |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
E.) See treatise Berachoth, p. 55 a, where the commentator Rashi referred to the book Yezirah. (Sefer Yetzirah, Kalisch 1877)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* E.) See treatise Berachoth, p. 55 a, where the commentator Rashi referred to the book Yezirah.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:treatise:x3:1
# text = E.) See treatise Berachoth, p. 55 a, where the commentator Rashi referred to the book Yezirah.
1	E.	E.	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	1	punct	_	_
3	See	see	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	treatise	treatise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod:desc	_	_
5	Berachoth	Berachoth	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	p.	P.	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
8	55	55	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	7	flat	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
11	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	15	advmod	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	commentator	commentator	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nsubj	_	_
14	Rashi	Rashi	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	appos	_	_
15	referred	refer	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
16	to	to	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	book	book	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	_
19	Yezirah	Yezirah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | infinitive | E. | Berachoth  treatise and p. |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer berachoth=Stimulus |
| 2 | **refer** | past | the commentator |  |  |  |  | to the book | vn relate-86.2-2 «NP V PP.co-theme»: agent=Theme to book=Co-Theme |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Sefer Yetzirah, Kalisch 1877)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:treatise:x3:2
# text = (Sefer Yetzirah, Kalisch 1877)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Sefer	Sefer	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	Yetzirah	Yetzirah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	Kalisch	Kalisch	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
6	1877	1877	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He wrote a treatise on the habits of birds.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:treatise:x4:1
# text = He wrote a treatise on the habits of birds.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	wrote	write	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	treatise	treatise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	habits	habit	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	birds	bird	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **write** | past | He | a treatise |  | the habits of birds |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent treatise=Theme on habit=Destination |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The scholar's treatise took him ten years.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:treatise:x5:1
# text = The scholar's treatise took him ten years.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	scholar	scholar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	treatise	treatise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	obj	_	_
7	ten	ten	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	8	nummod	_	_
8	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | past | the scholar's treatise |  | him *= he* |  | year |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP ADVP»: agent=Instrument he=Destination |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The school library has a treatise on the stars.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:treatise:x6:1
# text = The school library has a treatise on the stars.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	library	library	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	treatise	treatise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	on	on	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	stars	star	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | the school library | a treatise |  | the stars |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent treatise=Patient |

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**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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