---
title: turning — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «turning» in the Judaism dictionary: A bend or corner where a road or path changes direction. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# turning

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** road, act, door, sluggard, Uzziah, him · **What happens:** change, turn, be, build, fortify, repair · **To what, where:** direction, something, hinges, towers, Jerusalem, Binnui

<!-- .vabout -->
«turning» in the Judaism dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [turning in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/turning.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A bend or corner where a road or path changes direction.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:turning:m1:1
# text = A bend or corner where a road or path changes direction.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	bend	bend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	corner	corner	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
5	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	10	advmod	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	road	road	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	path	path	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	_
10	changes	change	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl:relcl	_	_
11	direction	direction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **change** | present | a road or path | direction |  |  |  |  | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent direction=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The act of turning something round.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:turning:m2:1
# text = The act of turning something round.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	act	act	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
4	turning	turn	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	acl	_	_
5	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	4	obj	_	_
6	round	round	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **turn** | gerund | the act *not said here* | something |  |  |  | round *property* | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent something=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The door is turning upon its hinges, and the sluggard is still upon his bed. (Writings PRO.26.14, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* The door is turning upon its hinges, and the sluggard is still upon his bed.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:turning:x1:1
# text = The door is turning upon its hinges, and the sluggard is still upon his bed.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	door	door	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	turning	turn	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	hinges	hinge	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	sluggard	sluggard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nsubj	_	_
12	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	cop	_	_
13	still	still	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
14	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	16	nmod:poss	_	_
16	bed	bed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **turn** | present · progressive | the door |  |  | door's hinges |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme upon hinge=Trajectory |
| 2 | **is** | present | the sluggard |  |  |  | still | upon his bed | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings PRO.26.14, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:turning:x1:2
# text = (Writings PRO.26.14, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	PRO.26.14	PRO.26.14	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Moreover Uzziah built towers in Jerusalem at the corner gate, and at the valley gate, and at the Turning, and fortified them. (Writings 2CH.26.9, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Moreover Uzziah built towers in Jerusalem at the corner gate, and at the valley gate, and at the Turning, and fortified them.

<!-- fold The tree, 22 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:turning:x2:1
# text = Moreover Uzziah built towers in Jerusalem at the corner gate, and at the valley gate, and at the Turning, and fortified them.
1	Moreover	moreover	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
2	Uzziah	Uzziah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	built	build	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	towers	tower	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Jerusalem	Jerusalem	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
7	at	at	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	corner	corner	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	gate	gate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
13	at	at	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	valley	valley	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	compound	_	_
16	gate	gate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
19	at	at	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	Turning	turning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
23	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
24	fortified	fortify	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
25	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	24	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **build** | past | Uzziah | towers |  | Jerusalem |  | at the corner gate; moreover *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tower=Product |
| 2 | **fortify** | past | Uzziah *not said here* | towers *= tower* |  |  |  |  | vn equip-13.4.2-1-1 «NP.theme V NP»: agent=Theme they=Recipient |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings 2CH.26.9, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:turning:x2:2
# text = (Writings 2CH.26.9, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	2CH.26.9	2CH.26.9	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod:unmarked	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
After him repaired Binnui the son of Henadad another portion, from the house of Azariah unto the Turning and unto the corner. (Writings NEH.3.24, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* After him repaired Binnui the son of Henadad another portion, from the house of Azariah unto the Turning and unto the corner.

<!-- fold The tree, 22 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:turning:x3:1
# text = After him repaired Binnui the son of Henadad another portion, from the house of Azariah unto the Turning and unto the corner.
1	After	after	SCONJ	IN	_	3	mark	_	_
2	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	repaired	repair	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	Binnui	Binnui	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	son	son	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	Henadad	Henadad	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
9	another	another	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	10	det	_	_
10	portion	portion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
12	from	from	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	house	house	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	parataxis	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	Azariah	Azariah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	_
17	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	Turning	turning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
21	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	corner	corner	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **repair** | past | him *= he* | Binnui |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings NEH.3.24, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:turning:x3:2
# text = (Writings NEH.3.24, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	NEH.3.24	NEH.3.24	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The road had many turnings.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:turning:x4:1
# text = The road had many turnings.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	road	road	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	turnings	turning	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | the road | many turnings |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent turning=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Take the second turning on the left.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:turning:x5:1
# text = Take the second turning on the left.
1	Take	take	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	second	second	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	4	amod	_	_
4	turning	turning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	left	left	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | imperative | you *not said here* | the second turning |  | the left |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent turning=Theme on left=Destination |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The path wound through turnings and bends.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:turning:x6:1
# text = The path wound through turnings and bends.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	path	path	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	wound	wound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	through	through	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	turnings	turning	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	bends	bend	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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