---
title: unlawfully — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «unlawfully» in the Judaism dictionary: Unlawfully means in a way that is against the law. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# unlawfully

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** way, people, court, Taking, prisoner, company · **What happens:** mean, be, use, wrong, oppress, arrest · **To what, where:** oppression, poor, stranger, man, building, workers · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«unlawfully» in the Judaism dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [unlawfully in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/unlawfully.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Unlawfully means in a way that is against the law.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:unlawfully:m1:1
# text = Unlawfully means in a way that is against the law.
1	Unlawfully	unlawfully	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	10	nsubj	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
8	against	against	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	law	law	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  | in a way; unlawfully *property* | vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Pivot in way=Attribute |
| 2 | **is** | present | a way |  |  |  |  | against the law | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The people of the land have used oppression, and exercised robbery, and have wronged the poor and needy, and have oppressed the stranger unlawfully. (Prophets EZK.22.29, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* The people of the land have used oppression, and exercised robbery, and have wronged the poor and needy, and have oppressed the stranger unlawfully.

<!-- fold The tree, 24 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:unlawfully:x1:1
# text = The people of the land have used oppression, and exercised robbery, and have wronged the poor and needy, and have oppressed the stranger unlawfully.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
7	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
8	oppression	oppression	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
11	exercised	exercised	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	robbery	robbery	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
15	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	aux	_	_
16	wronged	wrong	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	7	conj	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	poor	poor	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	obj	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
20	needy	needy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
23	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	24	aux	_	_
24	oppressed	oppress	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	7	conj	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	stranger	stranger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obj	_	_
27	unlawfully	unlawfully	ADV	RB	_	24	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | present · perfect | the people of the land | oppression and exercised robbery |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent oppression=Patient |
| 2 | **wrong** | present · perfect | the people of the land *not said here* | the poor |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **oppress** | present · perfect | the people of the land *not said here* | the stranger |  |  |  | unlawfully *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Prophets EZK.22.29, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:unlawfully:x1:2
# text = (Prophets EZK.22.29, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Prophets	prophet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	EZK.22.29	EZK.22.29	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The man was arrested for unlawfully entering the building.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:unlawfully:x2:1
# text = The man was arrested for unlawfully entering the building.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	arrested	arrest	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
6	unlawfully	unlawfully	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	entering	enter	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	advcl	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	building	building	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **arrest** | past · passive |  | the man |  |  |  |  | vn prosecute-33.2-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 2 | **enter** | gerund |  | the building |  |  |  | unlawfully *property* | vn escape-51.1-1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme building=Destination |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The court said the workers had been unlawfully dismissed.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:unlawfully:x3:1
# text = The court said the workers had been unlawfully dismissed.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	court	court	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	workers	worker	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj:pass	_	_
6	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
7	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	9	aux:pass	_	_
8	unlawfully	unlawfully	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
9	dismissed	dismiss	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the court |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **dismiss** | past · perfect · passive |  | the workers |  |  |  | unlawfully *property* | vn banish-10.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Taking someone's bike without asking is acting unlawfully.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:unlawfully:x4:1
# text = Taking someone's bike without asking is acting unlawfully.
1	Taking	take	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	8	csubj	_	_
2	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	bike	bike	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	without	without	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
6	asking	ask	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	1	advcl	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
8	acting	act	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
9	unlawfully	unlawfully	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | gerund |  | someone's bike |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bike=Theme |
| 2 | **ask** *speech: ask* | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **act** | present · progressive | Taking |  |  |  |  | unlawfully *property* | vn act-114-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The prisoner claimed he was held unlawfully.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:unlawfully:x5:1
# text = The prisoner claimed he was held unlawfully.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	prisoner	prisoner	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	claimed	claim	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
5	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux:pass	_	_
6	held	hold	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	ccomp	_	_
7	unlawfully	unlawfully	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **claim** *speech: other* | past | the prisoner |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **hold** | past · passive |  | prisoner |  |  |  | unlawfully *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The land had been taken unlawfully many years ago.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:unlawfully:x6:1
# text = The land had been taken unlawfully many years ago.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	taken	take	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	unlawfully	unlawfully	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl:unmarked	_	_
9	ago	ago	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | past · perfect · passive |  | the land |  |  |  | ago *property* | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The company unlawfully dumped waste in the river.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:unlawfully:x7:1
# text = The company unlawfully dumped waste in the river.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	company	company	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	unlawfully	unlawfully	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	dumped	dump	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	2	acl	_	_
5	waste	waste	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	river	river	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **dump** | participle | the company *not said here* | waste |  | the river |  | unlawfully *property* | vn funnel-9.3-1-1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent waste=Theme in river=Trajectory |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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