---
title: vain — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «vain» in the Judaism dictionary: Too proud of your looks, cleverness or what you have. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

<!-- md -->
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# vain

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** you, vain, land, trees, Thou, LORD · **What happens:** have, not succeed, mean, spend, not yield, yield · **To what, where:** vain attempt, strength, vain, produce, fruit, name

<!-- .vabout -->
«vain» in the Judaism dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 13 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [vain in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/vain.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Too proud of your looks, cleverness or what you have.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:vain:m1:1
# text = Too proud of your looks, cleverness or what you have.
1	Too	too	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	proud	proud	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	looks	look	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	cleverness	cleverness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	7	conj	_	_
10	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
11	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | you |  |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Useless; not succeeding: a vain attempt.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:vain:m2:1
# text = Useless; not succeeding: a vain attempt.
1	Useless	useless	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	4	punct	_	_
3	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
4	succeeding	succeed	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	1	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	vain	vain	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	attempt	attempt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **succeed** | gerund |  | a vain attempt |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«In vain» means without success.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:vain:m3:1
# text = «In vain» means without success.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	vain	vain	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
5	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	without	without	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	success	success	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | vain |  |  |  |  | without success | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And your strength shall be spent in vain; for your land shall not yield her produce, neither shall the trees of the land yield their fruit. (Torah LEV.26.20, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* And your strength shall be spent in vain; for your land shall not yield her produce, neither shall the trees of the land yield their fruit.

<!-- fold The tree, 26 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:vain:x1:1
# text = And your strength shall be spent in vain; for your land shall not yield her produce, neither shall the trees of the land yield their fruit.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
2	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	strength	strength	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
5	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	aux:pass	_	_
6	spent	spend	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	vain	vain	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
10	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	15	mark	_	_
11	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nsubj	_	_
13	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	15	aux	_	_
14	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	15	advmod	_	_
15	yield	yield	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	advcl	_	_
16	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	17	nmod:poss	_	_
17	produce	produce	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
19	neither	neither	CCONJ	CC	Polarity=Neg	26	cc:preconj	_	_
20	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	26	aux	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	trees	tree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	26	nsubj	_	_
23	of	of	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	nmod	_	_
26	yield	yield	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	advcl	_	_
27	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	28	nmod:poss	_	_
28	fruit	fruit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **spend** | shall · passive |  | your strength |  | vain |  |  | vn consume-66-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Asset |
| 2 | **not** **yield** | shall | your land | land's produce |  |  |  |  | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent produce=Theme |
| 3 | **yield** | shall | the trees of the land | trees's fruit |  |  |  |  | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent fruit=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Torah LEV.26.20, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:vain:x1:2
# text = (Torah LEV.26.20, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	LEV.26.20	LEV.26.20	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Thou shalt not take the name of the LORD thy God in vain; for the LORD will not hold him guiltless that taketh His name in vain. (Torah EXO.20.7, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Thou shalt not take the name of the LORD thy God in vain; for the LORD will not hold him guiltless that taketh His name in vain.

<!-- fold The tree, 27 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:vain:x2:1
# text = Thou shalt not take the name of the LORD thy God in vain; for the LORD will not hold him guiltless that taketh His name in vain.
1	Thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	4	nsubj	_	_
2	shalt	shall	AUX	MD	Style=Arch|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
4	take	take	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
9	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	amod	_	_
10	thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	God	God	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	vain	vain	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
15	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	20	mark	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	nsubj	_	_
18	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	20	aux	_	_
19	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	20	advmod	_	_
20	hold	hold	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	conj	_	_
21	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	20	obj	_	_
22	guiltless	guiltless	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obj	_	_
23	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	24	nsubj	_	_
24	taketh	take	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	22	acl:relcl	_	_
25	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	26	nmod:poss	_	_
26	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obj	_	_
27	in	in	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
28	vain	vain	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **take** | shall | Thou | the name of thy LORD God in vain |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent name=Theme |
| 2 | **not** **hold** | future | the LORD | him *= he* |  |  |  |  | vn conjecture-29.5 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Agent he=Theme guiltless=Eventuality |
| 3 | **take** | present | guiltless | LORD's name |  | vain |  |  | vn fit-54.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent name=Value in vain=Location |
| 4 | **name** |  |  | thy LORD God in vain |  |  |  |  | nom name «communication transitive»: of=patient |
| 5 | **name** |  | LORD |  |  |  |  |  | nom name «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Torah EXO.20.7, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:vain:x2:2
# text = (Torah EXO.20.7, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	EXO.20.7	EXO.20.7	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
For it is no vain thing for you; because it is your life, and through this thing ye shall prolong your days upon the land, whither ye go over the Jordan to possess it.' (Torah DEU.32.47, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* For it is no vain thing for you; because it is your life, and through this thing ye shall prolong your days upon the land, whither ye go over the Jordan to possess it.'

<!-- fold The tree, 34 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:vain:x3:1
# text = For it is no vain thing for you; because it is your life, and through this thing ye shall prolong your days upon the land, whither ye go over the Jordan to possess it.'
1	For	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
2	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	6	det	_	_
5	vain	vain	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	thing	thing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
10	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	14	mark	_	_
11	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
12	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	cop	_	_
13	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	14	nmod:poss	_	_
14	life	life	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
17	through	through	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	19	det	_	_
19	thing	thing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obl	_	_
20	ye	ye	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	22	nsubj	_	_
21	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	22	aux	_	_
22	prolong	prolong	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	parataxis	_	_
23	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	24	nmod:poss	_	_
24	days	day	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	obj	_	_
25	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	31	punct	_	_
29	whither	whither	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	31	advmod	_	_
30	ye	ye	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	31	nsubj	_	_
31	go	go	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	22	conj	_	_
32	over	over	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
33	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	34	det	_	_
34	Jordan	Jordan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	31	obl	_	_
35	to	to	PART	TO	_	36	mark	_	_
36	possess	possess	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	31	advcl	_	_
37	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	36	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
39	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	14	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | it |  |  |  |  | for no vain thing; for you | tree rules |
| 2 | **is a** | present | thing | your life |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **prolong** | shall | ye |  |  |  | day | upon the land; through this thing | vn sustain-55.6 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent through thing=Instrument |
| 4 | **go** | present | ye |  |  | the Jordan |  | whither *property* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme over jordan=Initial\_Location |
| 5 | **possess** | to-infinitive | ye *not said here* | thing |  |  |  |  | vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot it=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Torah DEU.32.47, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:vain:x3:2
# text = (Torah DEU.32.47, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	DEU.32.47	DEU.32.47	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
How then comfort ye me in vain? (Writings JOB.21.34, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* How then comfort ye me in vain?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:vain:x4:1
# text = How then comfort ye me in vain?
1	How	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	3	advmod	_	_
2	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	3	advmod	_	_
3	comfort	comfort	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	ye	ye	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	3	obj	_	_
5	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	obj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	vain	vain	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **comfort** | imperative | you *not said here* | ye |  | vain | then |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Stimulus ye=Experiencer i=Result |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings JOB.21.34, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:vain:x4:2
# text = (Writings JOB.21.34, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	JOB.21.34	JOB.21.34	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And why do the peoples mutter in vain? (Writings PSA.2.1, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* And why do the peoples mutter in vain?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:vain:x5:1
# text = And why do the peoples mutter in vain?
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
2	why	why	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	3	advmod	_	_
3	do	do	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	peoples	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
6	mutter	mutter	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	vain	vain	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mutter** *speech: assert* | present · do-support | the peoples |  |  | vain |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings PSA.2.1, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:vain:x5:2
# text = (Writings PSA.2.1, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	PSA.2.1	PSA.2.1	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I shall be condemned; why then do I labour in vain? (Writings JOB.9.29, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* I shall be condemned; why then do I labour in vain?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:vain:x6:1
# text = I shall be condemned; why then do I labour in vain?
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	condemned	condemn	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
6	why	why	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	8	advmod	_	_
7	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	8	advmod	_	_
8	do	do	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	_
9	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	labour	labour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	vain	vain	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **condemn** | shall · passive |  | I |  |  |  |  | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 2 | **do** | present |  |  |  | vain | then |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **labour** |  | I |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings JOB.9.29, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:vain:x6:2
# text = (Writings JOB.9.29, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	JOB.9.29	JOB.9.29	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The vain crow dropped the cheese when the fox praised her singing.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:vain:x7:1
# text = The vain crow dropped the cheese when the fox praised her singing.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	vain	vain	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	crow	crow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	dropped	drop	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	cheese	cheese	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	10	advmod	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	fox	fox	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
10	praised	praise	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
11	her	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	obj	_	_
12	singing	sing	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	10	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **drop** | past | the vain crow | the cheese |  |  |  |  | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cheese=Theme |
| 2 | **praise** | past | the fox | crow |  |  |  |  | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent she=Theme |
| 3 | **sing** *speech: express* | gerund | the fox *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He is so vain he checks his hair in every window.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:vain:x8:1
# text = He is so vain he checks his hair in every window.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	so	so	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	vain	vain	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	checks	check	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	advcl	_	_
7	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	hair	hair	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	11	det	_	_
11	window	window	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | He |  |  |  |  | vain *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **check** | present | he | his hair |  | every window |  |  | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hair=Theme |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They searched in vain for the lost ring.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:vain:x9:1
# text = They searched in vain for the lost ring.
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	searched	search	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	vain	vain	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	obj	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	lost	lose	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	amod	_	_
8	ring	ring	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **search** | past | They | vain |  |  |  |  | vn search-35.2 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent vain=Location |
| 2 | **lose** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 10 {#x10}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It was a vain attempt to catch the bus.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:vain:x10:1
# text = It was a vain attempt to catch the bus.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	vain	vain	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	attempt	attempt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	catch	catch	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	acl	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	bus	bus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | It | a vain attempt |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **catch** | to-infinitive |  | the bus |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bus=Theme |

## Example 11 {#x11}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Don't be vain about winning; be kind.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:vain:x11:1
# text = Don't be vain about winning; be kind.
1	Do	do	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
3	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	cop	_	_
4	vain	vain	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	obj	_	_
5	about	about	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
6	winning	win	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	cop	_	_
9	kind	kind	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **not** **is** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | vain *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **win** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **is** | infinitive | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | kind *property* | tree rules |

## Example 12 {#x12}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She waited in vain for a reply.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:vain:x12:1
# text = She waited in vain for a reply.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	waited	wait	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	vain	vain	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	obl	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	reply	reply	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wait** | past | She |  |  | vain |  | for a reply | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in vain=Location |

## Example 13 {#x13}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The goose hunted everywhere, but in vain.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:vain:x13:1
# text = The goose hunted everywhere, but in vain.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	goose	goose	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	hunted	hunt	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	everywhere	everywhere	ADV	RB	PronType=Tot	3	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
6	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	vain	vain	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hunt** | participle | the goose |  |  |  |  | everywhere *property* | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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