---
title: vengeance — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «vengeance» in the Judaism dictionary: Vengeance is harming someone because they have harmed you or someone you love; revenge. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# vengeance

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Vengeance, they, you, It, Thou, I · **What happens:** harm, love, mean, rain, not take, bear · **To what, where:** someone, you, more, vengeance, grudge, neighbour · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«vengeance» in the Judaism dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 13 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [vengeance in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/vengeance.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Vengeance is harming someone because they have harmed you or someone you love; revenge.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:vengeance:m1:1
# text = Vengeance is harming someone because they have harmed you or someone you love; revenge.
1	Vengeance	vengeance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	harming	harm	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	3	obj	_	_
5	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
6	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
7	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
8	harmed	harm	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
9	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	8	obj	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	9	conj	_	_
12	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
13	love	love	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	15	punct	_	_
15	revenge	revenge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **harm** | present · progressive | Vengeance | someone |  |  |  | revenge *obl* | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus someone=Experiencer |
| 2 | **harm** | present · perfect | they | you |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus you=Experiencer |
| 3 | **love** | present | you |  |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Experiencer |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: informal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"With a vengeance" means very strongly or much more than usual, as in "It rained with a vengeance".

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:vengeance:m2:1
# text = "With a vengeance" means very strongly or much more than usual, as in "It rained with a vengeance".
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	With	with	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	vengeance	vengeance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
6	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	very	very	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	strongly	strongly	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
10	much	much	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
11	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	6	obj	_	_
12	than	than	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	usual	usual	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
15	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	19	mark	_	_
16	in	in	ADP	IN	_	15	fixed	_	_
17	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	nsubj	_	_
19	rained	rain	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	parataxis	_	_
20	with	with	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	vengeance	vengeance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present |  | more |  |  |  | with a vengeance | tree rules |
| 2 | **rain** *in a quote* | past | It |  |  |  |  | with a vengeance | vn weather-57 «It V PP.theme»: with vengeance=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Thou shalt not take vengeance, nor bear any grudge against the children of thy people, but thou shalt love thy neighbour as thyself: I am the LORD. (Torah LEV.19.18, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Thou shalt not take vengeance, nor bear any grudge against the children of thy people, but thou shalt love thy neighbour as thyself: I am the LORD.

<!-- fold The tree, 27 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:vengeance:x1:1
# text = Thou shalt not take vengeance, nor bear any grudge against the children of thy people, but thou shalt love thy neighbour as thyself: I am the LORD.
1	Thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	4	nsubj	_	_
2	shalt	shall	AUX	MD	Style=Arch|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
4	take	take	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	vengeance	vengeance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	nor	nor	CCONJ	CC	Polarity=Neg	8	cc	_	_
8	bear	bear	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	conj	_	_
9	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	10	det	_	_
10	grudge	grudge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	against	against	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	16	nmod:poss	_	_
16	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
18	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
19	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	21	nsubj	_	_
20	shalt	shall	AUX	MD	Style=Arch|VerbForm=Fin	21	aux	_	_
21	love	love	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	conj	_	_
22	thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	23	nmod:poss	_	_
23	neighbour	neighbour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obj	_	_
24	as	as	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
25	thyself	thyself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes|Style=Arch	21	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	30	punct	_	_
27	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	30	nsubj	_	_
28	am	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	30	cop	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
30	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **take** | shall | Thou | vengeance |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent vengeance=Theme |
| 2 | **bear** | infinitive | Thou *not said here* | any grudge |  |  |  | against the children of thy people | vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent grudge=Patient |
| 3 | **love** | shall | thou | thy neighbour |  |  |  | as thyself | vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer neighbour=Stimulus |
| 4 | **is a** | present | I | the LORD |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Torah LEV.19.18, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:vengeance:x1:2
# text = (Torah LEV.19.18, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	LEV.19.18	LEV.19.18	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
If I whet My glittering sword, and My hand take hold on judgment; I will render vengeance to Mine adversaries, and will recompense them that hate Me. (Torah DEU.32.41, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* If I whet My glittering sword, and My hand take hold on judgment; I will render vengeance to Mine adversaries, and will recompense them that hate Me.

<!-- fold The tree, 27 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:vengeance:x2:1
# text = If I whet My glittering sword, and My hand take hold on judgment; I will render vengeance to Mine adversaries, and will recompense them that hate Me.
1	If	if	SCONJ	IN	_	3	mark	_	_
2	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	whet	whet	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	18	advcl	_	_
4	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
5	glittering	glittering	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	sword	sword	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
9	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
11	take	take	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	conj	_	_
12	hold	hold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	_
13	on	on	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	judgment	judgment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
16	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	18	nsubj	_	_
17	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	18	aux	_	_
18	render	render	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
19	vengeance	vengeance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obj	_	_
20	to	to	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	Mine	Mine	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	22	compound	_	_
22	adversaries	adversary	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
24	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
25	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	26	aux	_	_
26	recompense	recompense	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	18	conj	_	_
27	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	26	obj	_	_
28	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	27	appos	_	_
29	hate	hate	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	26	xcomp	_	_
30	Me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	29	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	18	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **whet** *a condition, not said to happen* | present | I | My glittering sword |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **take** | infinitive | My hand | hold |  | judgment |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent hold=Theme on judgment=Destination |
| 3 | **render** | future | I | vengeance | Mine adversaries |  |  |  | vn give-13.1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent vengeance=Theme to adversary=Recipient |
| 4 | **recompense** | future | I *not said here* | adversaries *= adversary* |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **hate** | infinitive | I *not said here* | Me |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer i=Stimulus |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Torah DEU.32.41, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:vengeance:x2:2
# text = (Torah DEU.32.41, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	DEU.32.41	DEU.32.41	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And Moses spoke unto the people, saying: 'Arm ye men from among you for the war, that they may go against Midian, to execute the LORD'S vengeance on Midian. (Torah NUM.31.3, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* And Moses spoke unto the people, saying: 'Arm ye men from among you for the war, that they may go against Midian, to execute the LORD'S vengeance on Midian.

<!-- fold The tree, 30 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:vengeance:x3:1
# text = And Moses spoke unto the people, saying: 'Arm ye men from among you for the war, that they may go against Midian, to execute the LORD'S vengeance on Midian.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	Moses	Moses	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	spoke	speak	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	saying	say	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
10	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	Arm	Arm	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	compound	_	_
12	ye	ye	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	11	nmod	_	_
13	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	_
14	from	from	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	among	among	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	13	nmod	_	_
17	for	for	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	war	war	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
21	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	24	mark	_	_
22	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	24	nsubj	_	_
23	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	24	aux	_	_
24	go	go	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	ccomp	_	_
25	against	against	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
26	Midian	Midian	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	24	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	29	punct	_	_
28	to	to	PART	TO	_	29	mark	_	_
29	execute	execute	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	24	conj	_	_
30	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
31	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	33	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	'S	's	PART	POS	_	31	case	_	_
33	vengeance	vengeance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	obj	_	_
34	on	on	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
35	Midian	Midian	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	29	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **speak** *speech: other* | past | Moses |  |  |  |  | unto the people | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | gerund | Moses *not said here* | Arm men |  |  |  | from you; for the war | tree rules |
| 3 | **go** | may | men *= man* |  |  | Midian |  |  | vn occur-48.3-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme against midian=Location |
| 4 | **execute** | to-infinitive | men *= man* *not said here* | the LORD's vengeance |  | Midian |  |  | vn murder-42.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent vengeance=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Torah NUM.31.3, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:vengeance:x3:2
# text = (Torah NUM.31.3, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	NUM.31.3	NUM.31.3	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To execute vengeance upon the nations, and chastisements upon the peoples; (Writings PSA.149.7, JPS 1917)

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:vengeance:x4:1
# text = To execute vengeance upon the nations, and chastisements upon the peoples; (Writings PSA.149.7, JPS 1917)
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	execute	execute	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	vengeance	vengeance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	nations	nation	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	chastisements	chastisement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
10	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	peoples	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	2	punct	_	_
14	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
16	PSA.149.7	PSA.149.7	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
18	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	flat	_	_
19	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	16	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	16	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **execute** | to-infinitive |  | vengeance |  |  |  | upon the nations; chastisements upon the peoples *obl*; Writings *obl* | vn murder-42.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent vengeance=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Thou hast seen all their vengeance and all their devices against me. (Writings LAM.3.60, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Thou hast seen all their vengeance and all their devices against me.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:vengeance:x5:1
# text = Thou hast seen all their vengeance and all their devices against me.
1	Thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	3	nsubj	_	_
2	hast	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	seen	see	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	6	det:predet	_	_
5	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	vengeance	vengeance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
8	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	10	det:predet	_	_
9	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	devices	device	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	conj	_	_
11	against	against	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | present · perfect | Thou | their vengeance and vengeance's devices against me |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer vengeance=Stimulus |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings LAM.3.60, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:vengeance:x5:2
# text = (Writings LAM.3.60, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	LAM.3.60	LAM.3.60	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod:unmarked	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Even the God that executeth vengeance for me, and subdueth peoples under me. (Writings PSA.18.48, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Even the God that executeth vengeance for me, and subdueth peoples under me.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:vengeance:x6:1
# text = Even the God that executeth vengeance for me, and subdueth peoples under me.
1	Even	even	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	God	God	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	5	nsubj	_	_
5	executeth	execute	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	vengeance	vengeance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	subdueth	subdue	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
12	peoples	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obj	_	_
13	under	under	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **execute** | present | the God | vengeance |  |  |  | for me | vn murder-42.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent vengeance=Patient |
| 2 | **subdue** | present | the God *not said here* | peoples |  |  |  | under me | vn subjugate-42.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent people=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings PSA.18.48, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:vengeance:x6:2
# text = (Writings PSA.18.48, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	PSA.18.48	PSA.18.48	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The hero swore vengeance on the dragon that burnt his village.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:vengeance:x7:1
# text = The hero swore vengeance on the dragon that burnt his village.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	hero	hero	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	swore	swear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	vengeance	vengeance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	dragon	dragon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
8	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	9	nsubj	_	_
9	burnt	burnt	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	acl:relcl	_	_
10	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	village	village	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **swear** | past | the hero | vengeance |  |  |  | on the dragon | vn conjecture-29.5 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Agent vengeance=Eventuality |
| 2 | **burnt** | past | the dragon | hero's village |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
(Bible) Saint Paul wrote, "Do not take revenge … for it is written, 'Vengeance is mine,' says the Lord."

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:vengeance:x8:1
# text = (Bible) Saint Paul wrote, "Do not take revenge … for it is written, 'Vengeance is mine,' says the Lord."
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Bible	Bible	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
4	Saint	Saint	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	Paul	Paul	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	wrote	write	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
8	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	Do	do	AUX	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	_
10	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	11	advmod	_	_
11	take	take	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	ccomp	_	_
12	revenge	revenge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	_
13	…	…	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
14	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	17	mark	_	_
15	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	nsubj:pass	_	_
16	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	aux:pass	_	_
17	written	write	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	11	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
19	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	22	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	Vengeance	vengeance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	nsubj	_	_
21	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	22	cop	_	_
22	mine	my	PRON	PRP	Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	17	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	25	punct	_	_
25	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	conj	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	Lord	Lord	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	25	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	11	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **write** | past | Bible |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1 «NP V S-Quote»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **not** **take** *in a quote* | infinitive · do-support | Bible *not said here* | revenge |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent revenge=Theme |
| 3 | **write** *in a quote* | present · passive |  | revenge |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 4 | **is a** *in a quote* | present | Vengeance | mine |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **say** *speech: assert* *in a quote* | present | the Lord |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Vengeance doesn't fix anything; it just makes the fight longer.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:vengeance:x9:1
# text = Vengeance doesn't fix anything; it just makes the fight longer.
1	Vengeance	vengeance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	does	do	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
4	fix	fix	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	anything	anything	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	_
7	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
8	just	just	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
9	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	fight	fight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
12	longer	long	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	9	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **fix** | present · do-support | Vengeance | anything |  |  |  |  | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent anything=Patient |
| 2 | **make** | present | Vengeance | the fight |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.material V NP»: agent=Material fight=Product |

## Example 10 {#x10}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The rain came back with a vengeance.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:vengeance:x10:1
# text = The rain came back with a vengeance.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	rain	rain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	back	back	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	vengeance	vengeance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come back** | past | the rain |  |  |  |  | with a vengeance | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 11 {#x11}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She forgave him instead of seeking vengeance.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:vengeance:x11:1
# text = She forgave him instead of seeking vengeance.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	forgave	forgive	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	obj	_	_
4	instead	instead	ADV	RB	ExtPos=SCONJ	6	mark	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	fixed	_	_
6	seeking	seek	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
7	vengeance	vengeance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **forgive** | past | She | him *= he* |  |  |  |  | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Theme |
| 2 | **seek** | gerund | She *not said here* | vengeance |  |  |  |  | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent vengeance=Theme |

## Example 12 {#x12}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The cold came back with a vengeance just when spring had started.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:vengeance:x12:1
# text = The cold came back with a vengeance just when spring had started.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cold	cold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	back	back	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	vengeance	vengeance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
8	just	just	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
9	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	12	advmod	_	_
10	spring	spring	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
11	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	_
12	started	start	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	7	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come back** | past | the cold |  |  |  |  | with a vengeance | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **start** | past · perfect | spring |  |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |

## Example 13 {#x13}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
“O Dil-aram! such a vengeance is not manly.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:vengeance:x13:1
# text = “O Dil-aram! such a vengeance is not manly.
1	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	O	o	INTJ	UH	_	3	discourse	_	_
3	Dil	Dil	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	aram	aram	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
7	such	such	DET	PDT	PronType=Ind	9	det:predet	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	vengeance	vengeance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
10	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
11	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	12	advmod	_	_
12	manly	manly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **is** *in a quote* | present | Dil and aram |  |  |  |  | manly *property* | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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