---
title: verb — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «verb» in the Judaism dictionary: A verb is a word that tells what someone or something does, like «run», «eat» or «think». Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# verb

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** verb, word, full sentence, sentence, syntax, Hebrew · **What happens:** be, tell, run, eat, think, have · **To what, where:** word, someone, seem, verb, finite verb, course several verb roots · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«verb» in the Judaism dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 12 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [verb in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/verb.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A verb is a word that tells what someone or something does, like «run», «eat» or «think».

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:verb:m1:1
# text = A verb is a word that tells what someone or something does, like «run», «eat» or «think».
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	verb	verb	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
7	tells	tell	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
8	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	16	nsubj	_	_
9	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	16	nsubj	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	9	conj	_	_
12	does	do	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
14	like	like	SCONJ	IN	_	16	mark	_	_
15	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	run	run	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
19	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	eat	eat	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	5	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	20	punct	_	_
22	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
23	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	24	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	think	think	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	20	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a verb | a word |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **tell** *speech: assert* | present | a word |  |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **run** *in a quote* | present · do-support |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **eat** *in a quote* | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **think** *speech: other* *in a quote* | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A verb can also tell what someone or something is or has, like «is», «seem» or «have».

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:verb:m2:1
# text = A verb can also tell what someone or something is or has, like «is», «seem» or «have».
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	verb	verb	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	also	also	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	tell	tell	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	5	obj	_	_
7	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	5	obl	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	7	conj	_	_
10	is	be	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	parataxis	_	_
11	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
14	like	like	SCONJ	IN	_	16	mark	_	_
15	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	20	cop	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
19	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	seem	seem	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	20	punct	_	_
22	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
23	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	24	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	have	have	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	20	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	24	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tell** *speech: assert* | can | a verb | someone |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent what=Recipient |
| 2 | **be** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **have** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **is a** *in a quote* | present |  | seem |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **have** *in a quote* | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Every full sentence needs a verb; it is the word that changes for time, like «walk», «walked».

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:verb:m3:1
# text = Every full sentence needs a verb; it is the word that changes for time, like «walk», «walked».
1	Every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	3	det	_	_
2	full	full	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	sentence	sentence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	needs	need	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	verb	verb	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
8	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
9	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	parataxis	_	_
12	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	13	nsubj	_	_
13	changes	change	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	acl:relcl	_	_
14	for	for	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
17	like	like	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	walk	walk	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	11	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
22	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	23	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	walked	walk	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	19	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	23	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **need** | present | every full sentence | a verb |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot verb=Theme |
| 2 | **is a** | present | sentence | the word |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **change** | present | the word |  |  |  | time |  | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **walk** *in a quote* | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 5 | **walk** *in a quote* | past |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The word סָפַר safar is technically a finite verb, and not a noun as the syntax requires. (Sefer Yetzirah, Sefaria community translation)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* The word סָפַר safar is technically a finite verb, and not a noun as the syntax requires.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:verb:x1:1
# text = The word סָפַר safar is technically a finite verb, and not a noun as the syntax requires.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
3	סָפַר	סָפַר	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	safar	safar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
6	technically	technically	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	finite	finite	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	verb	verb	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
12	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	14	advmod	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	noun	noun	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	parataxis	_	_
15	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	18	mark	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	syntax	syntax	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nsubj	_	_
18	requires	require	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the word | a finite verb |  |  |  | technically *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **require** | present | the syntax |  |  |  |  |  | vn require-103-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Sefer Yetzirah, Sefaria community translation)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:verb:x1:2
# text = (Sefer Yetzirah, Sefaria community translation)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Sefer	Sefer	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	Yetzirah	Yetzirah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
5	Sefaria	Sefaria	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
6	community	community	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	translation	translation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Hebrew has of course several verb roots relating to one or more of each of these three facets of language. (Sefer Yetzirah, Sefaria community translation)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Hebrew has of course several verb roots relating to one or more of each of these three facets of language.

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:verb:x2:1
# text = Hebrew has of course several verb roots relating to one or more of each of these three facets of language.
1	Hebrew	Hebrew	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
4	course	course	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
5	several	several	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
6	verb	verb	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	roots	root	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
8	relating	relate	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	7	acl	_	_
9	to	to	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	8	obl	_	_
11	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	10	conj	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	10	nmod	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
16	these	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	18	det	_	_
17	three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	18	nummod	_	_
18	facets	facet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	nmod	_	_
19	of	of	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Hebrew | course several verb roots |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent root=Patient |
| 2 | **relate** | gerund | course several verb roots *not said here* |  | one of each |  |  |  | vn relate-86.2-2 «NP V PP.co-theme»: agent=Theme to one=Co-Theme |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Sefer Yetzirah, Sefaria community translation)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:verb:x2:2
# text = (Sefer Yetzirah, Sefaria community translation)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Sefer	Sefer	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	Yetzirah	Yetzirah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
5	Sefaria	Sefaria	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
6	community	community	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	translation	translation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
HVI is the imperative form of the verb to he, meaning he thou; HIV is the infinitive; and VIH is future. (Sefer Yetzirah, Westcott 1893)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* HVI is the imperative form of the verb to he, meaning he thou; HIV is the infinitive; and VIH is future.

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:verb:x3:1
# text = HVI is the imperative form of the verb to he, meaning he thou; HIV is the infinitive; and VIH is future.
1	HVI	HVI	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	imperative	imperative	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	form	form	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	verb	verb	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
9	to	to	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
12	meaning	mean	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	acl	_	_
13	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	obj	_	_
14	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
16	HIV	HIV	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	nsubj	_	_
17	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	19	cop	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	infinitive	infinitive	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	24	punct	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
22	VIH	VIH	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	24	nsubj	_	_
23	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	24	cop	_	_
24	future	future	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | HVI | the imperative form and the infinitive |  |  |  | of the verb to he | tree rules |
| 2 | **mean** | gerund | the imperative form and the infinitive *not said here* | HVI |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Topic |
| 3 | **is a** | present | HIV | the infinitive |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **is** | present | VIH |  |  |  |  | future *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Sefer Yetzirah, Westcott 1893)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:verb:x3:2
# text = (Sefer Yetzirah, Westcott 1893)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Sefer	Sefer	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	Yetzirah	Yetzirah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	Westcott	Westcott	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
6	1893	1893	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Jump» is a verb because it is something you can do.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:verb:x4:1
# text = «Jump» is a verb because it is something you can do.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Jump	jump	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	verb	verb	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	because	because	ADP	IN	ExtPos=ADP	10	case	_	_
8	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
9	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
10	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	6	nmod	_	_
11	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
12	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	13	aux	_	_
13	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Jump | a verb |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present | Jump |  |  |  |  | because something | tree rules |
| 3 | **do** | can | you |  |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In «The dog barked», the verb is «barked».

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:verb:x5:1
# text = In «The dog barked», the verb is «barked».
1	In	in	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
2	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	dog	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	barked	bark	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	verb	verb	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj:pass	_	_
10	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux:pass	_	_
11	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	barked	bark	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bark** *in a quote* | past | the dog |  |  |  |  |  | vn animal\_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **bark** *in a quote* | present · passive |  | the verb |  |  |  |  | vn animal\_sounds-38 «NP V NP.theme»: subject=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Underline the verb in each sentence.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:verb:x6:1
# text = Underline the verb in each sentence.
1	Underline	underline	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	verb	verb	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	6	det	_	_
6	sentence	sentence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **underline** | imperative | you *not said here* | the verb |  | each sentence |  |  | vn scribble-25.2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent verb=Theme in sentence=Destination |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Is» is a verb too, even though nothing moves.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:verb:x7:1
# text = «Is» is a verb too, even though nothing moves.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	verb	verb	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	too	too	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
9	even	even	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
10	though	though	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
11	nothing	nothing	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Neg	12	nsubj	_	_
12	moves	move	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present |  | a verb |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **move** | present | nothing |  |  |  |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Choose a stronger verb than «went», like «raced» or «crept».

<!-- fold The tree, 10 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:verb:x8:1
# text = Choose a stronger verb than «went», like «raced» or «crept».
1	Choose	choose	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	stronger	strong	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	4	amod	_	_
4	verb	verb	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	than	than	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
6	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	like	like	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
11	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	raced	race	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	1	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	12	punct	_	_
14	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
15	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	crept	creep	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **choose** | imperative | you *not said here* | a stronger verb |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **go** *in a quote* | past |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **race** *in a quote* | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **creep** *in a quote* | past |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Irregular verbs change in odd ways: «swim, swam, swum».

<!-- fold The tree, 9 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:verb:x9:1
# text = Irregular verbs change in odd ways: «swim, swam, swum».
1	Irregular	irregular	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	verbs	verb	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	change	change	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	odd	odd	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	ways	way	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	_
8	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	swim	swim	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	swam	swam	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
13	swum	swum	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **change** | present | Irregular verbs |  |  | odd ways |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **swim** *in a quote* | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **swam** *in a quote* | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **swum** *in a quote* | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 10 {#x10}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A sentence without a verb is not a full sentence.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:verb:x10:1
# text = A sentence without a verb is not a full sentence.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	sentence	sentence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
3	without	without	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	verb	verb	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
7	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	10	advmod	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	full	full	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	sentence	sentence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **is a** | present | a sentence without a verb | a full sentence |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 11 {#x11}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In «She can sing», «can» is a helping verb and «sing» is the main verb.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:verb:x11:1
# text = In «She can sing», «can» is a helping verb and «sing» is the main verb.
1	In	in	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
2	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
4	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	sing	sing	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
11	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	cop	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	helping	helping	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	_
14	verb	verb	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
16	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	sing	sing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	17	punct	_	_
19	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	22	cop	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
21	main	main	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	_
22	verb	verb	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	14	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sing** *speech: express* *in a quote* | can | She |  |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP.location V PP.theme»: agent=Location |
| 2 | **is a** | present |  | a helping verb and the main verb |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **is a** | present | sing | the main verb |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 12 {#x12}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The verb okostenyet', to grow numb, describes the state into which a skazka represents the realm of the "Sleeping Beauty," as being thrown by Koshchei.

<!-- fold The tree, 25 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:verb:x12:1
# text = The verb okostenyet', to grow numb, describes the state into which a skazka represents the realm of the "Sleeping Beauty," as being thrown by Koshchei.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	verb	verb	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	okostenyet	okostenyet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	',	',	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	grow	grow	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
7	numb	numb	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
9	describes	describe	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	state	state	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
12	into	into	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	16	obl	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	skazka	skazka	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nsubj	_	_
16	represents	represent	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	parataxis	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	realm	realm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obj	_	_
19	of	of	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
21	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	22	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	Sleeping	sleep	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	23	amod	_	_
23	Beauty	beauty	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	23	punct	_	_
26	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	28	mark	_	_
27	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	28	aux:pass	_	_
28	thrown	throw	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	16	advcl	_	_
29	by	by	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
30	Koshchei	Koshchei	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	28	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grow** | to-infinitive | the verb okostenyet *not said here* |  |  |  |  | numb *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **describe** | present | the verb okostenyet | the state |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent state=Theme |
| 3 | **represent** | present | a skazka | the realm of the Sleeping Beauty |  |  |  |  | vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot realm=Theme |
| 4 | **sleep** *in a quote* | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **throw** | gerund · passive | Koshchei |  |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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