---
title: vouch — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «vouch» in the Judaism dictionary: To say that you know someone is honest, good or telling the truth, and you will take responsibility for that. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# vouch

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** you, someone, something, I, Sam, teacher · **What happens:** say, know, be, tell, take, see · **To what, where:** truth, responsibility, it, Writings · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«vouch» in the Judaism dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [vouch in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/vouch.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To say that you know someone is honest, good or telling the truth, and you will take responsibility for that.

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:vouch:m1:1
# text = To say that you know someone is honest, good or telling the truth, and you will take responsibility for that.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	say	say	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
4	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
5	know	know	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	ccomp	_	_
6	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	8	nsubj	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
8	honest	honest	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	conj	_	_
11	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	telling	tell	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	8	conj	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	truth	truth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
17	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	19	nsubj	_	_
18	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	19	aux	_	_
19	take	take	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	conj	_	_
20	responsibility	responsibility	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obj	_	_
21	for	for	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	19	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **know** | present | you |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 3 | **is** | present | someone |  |  |  |  | honest *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **be** |  | someone *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **tell** *speech: assert* | gerund | someone *not said here* | the truth |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent truth=Recipient |
| 6 | **take** | future | you | responsibility |  |  |  | for that | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent responsibility=Theme for that=Beneficiary |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To say that something is true or good because you have seen or tried it yourself.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:vouch:m2:1
# text = To say that something is true or good because you have seen or tried it yourself.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	say	say	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
4	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	6	nsubj	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
6	true	true	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	ccomp	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	conj	_	_
9	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
10	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
11	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	_
12	seen	see	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	6	parataxis	_	_
13	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	tried	try	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	conj	_	_
15	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	obj	_	_
16	yourself	yourself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	14	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | present | something |  |  |  |  | true *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **be** |  | something *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **see** | present · perfect | you |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 5 | **try** | past | you *not said here* | it |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Stimulus it=Experiencer yourself=Result |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
If there be for him an angel, an intercessor, one among a thousand, to vouch for a man's uprightness; (Writings JOB.33.23, JPS 1917)

<!-- fold The tree, 24 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:vouch:x1:1
# text = If there be for him an angel, an intercessor, one among a thousand, to vouch for a man's uprightness; (Writings JOB.33.23, JPS 1917)
1	If	if	SCONJ	IN	_	3	mark	_	_
2	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	3	expl	_	_
3	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	26	cop	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	obl	_	_
6	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	angel	angel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	intercessor	intercessor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
12	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	10	appos	_	_
13	among	among	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	thousand	thousand	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
17	to	to	PART	TO	_	18	mark	_	_
18	vouch	vouch	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	acl:relcl	_	_
19	for	for	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
20	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	's	's	PART	POS	_	21	case	_	_
23	uprightness	uprightness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	26	punct	_	_
25	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	26	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
27	JOB.33.23	JOB.33.23	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	26	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	29	punct	_	_
29	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	27	flat	_	_
30	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	27	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	26	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **vouch** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | for a man's uprightness | tree rules |
| 2 | **is a** | imperative | you *not said here* | Writings |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I can vouch for Sam; he would never steal.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:vouch:x2:1
# text = I can vouch for Sam; he would never steal.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	vouch	vouch	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	Sam	Sam	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
7	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
8	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
9	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	10	advmod	_	_
10	steal	steal	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **vouch** | can | I |  |  |  |  | for Sam | tree rules |
| 2 | **not** **steal** | would | Sam |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The teacher vouched for her honesty.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:vouch:x3:1
# text = The teacher vouched for her honesty.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	vouched	vouch	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	honesty	honesty	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **vouch** | past | the teacher |  |  |  |  | for teacher's honesty | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I can vouch for this pizza place; it's brilliant.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:vouch:x4:1
# text = I can vouch for this pizza place; it's brilliant.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	vouch	vouch	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	7	det	_	_
6	pizza	pizza	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
9	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
11	brilliant	brilliant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **vouch** | can | I |  |  |  |  | for this pizza place | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present | place |  |  |  |  | brilliant *property* | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Nobody could vouch for the stranger, so he was not let in.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:vouch:x5:1
# text = Nobody could vouch for the stranger, so he was not let in.
1	Nobody	nobody	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Neg	3	nsubj	_	_
2	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	vouch	vouch	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	stranger	stranger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
8	so	so	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
9	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
10	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
11	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	12	advmod	_	_
12	let	let	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	conj	_	_
13	in	in	ADP	RP	_	12	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **vouch** | could | Nobody |  |  |  |  | for the stranger | tree rules |
| 2 | **not** **is** | past | he |  |  |  |  | let *property* | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mum vouched for my story about the broken window.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:vouch:x6:1
# text = Mum vouched for my story about the broken window.
1	Mum	mum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	vouched	vouch	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	for	for	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	story	story	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	about	about	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	broken	broken	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	window	window	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **vouch** | past | Mum |  |  |  |  | for my story about the broken window | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I can't vouch for the weather tomorrow!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:vouch:x7:1
# text = I can't vouch for the weather tomorrow!
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	ca	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
4	vouch	vouch	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	weather	weather	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	tomorrow	tomorrow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **vouch** | can | I |  |  |  | tomorrow | for the weather | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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