---
title: vowel — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «vowel» in the Judaism dictionary: A vowel is a speech sound made with the mouth open and the air flowing freely, like the sound in "cat" or "see". Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# vowel

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** vowel, air, u, you, oldest MSS, latest editions · **What happens:** be, make, flow, see, stand, note · **To what, where:** speech sound, one, vowel points, points, Sepher Yetzirah, system · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«vowel» in the Judaism dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 11 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [vowel in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/vowel.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A vowel is a speech sound made with the mouth open and the air flowing freely, like the sound in "cat" or "see".

<!-- fold The tree, 23 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:vowel:m1:1
# text = A vowel is a speech sound made with the mouth open and the air flowing freely, like the sound in "cat" or "see".
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	vowel	vowel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	speech	speech	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	sound	sound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	acl	_	_
8	with	with	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	mouth	mouth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
11	open	open	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	xcomp	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
15	flowing	flow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	14	acl	_	_
16	freely	freely	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
18	like	like	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	sound	sound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	_
21	in	in	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	23	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	cat	cat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	23	punct	_	_
25	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
26	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	27	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	23	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	27	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a vowel | a speech sound and the air |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **make** | participle |  | a speech sound and the air *not said here* |  |  |  | with the mouth; open *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |
| 3 | **flow** | gerund | the air *not said here* |  |  |  |  | like the sound in cat; freely *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **see** *in a quote* | infinitive | the air *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A vowel is also one of the letters a, e, i, o, u (and sometimes y) that stand for these sounds.

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:vowel:m2:1
# text = A vowel is also one of the letters a, e, i, o, u (and sometimes y) that stand for these sounds.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	vowel	vowel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	also	also	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	letters	letter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	e	e	INTJ	UH	_	5	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
13	i	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
15	o	o	INTJ	UH	_	24	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
17	u	you	PRON	PRP	Abbr=Yes|Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	24	nsubj	_	_
18	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	24	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
20	sometimes	sometimes	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	21	advmod	_	_
21	y	y	NUM	LS	_	24	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	21	punct	_	_
23	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	24	nsubj	_	_
24	stand	stand	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
25	for	for	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
26	these	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	27	det	_	_
27	sounds	sound	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	24	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a vowel | one |  |  |  | of the letters | tree rules |
| 2 | **stand** | present | u |  |  |  |  | for this sounds | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer for sound=Attribute |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Note that the oldest MSS. copies of the "Sepher Yetzirah " have no vowel points : the latest editions have them. (Sefer Yetzirah, Westcott 1893)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Note that the oldest MSS. copies of the "Sepher Yetzirah " have no vowel points : the latest editions have them.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:vowel:x1:1
# text = Note that the oldest MSS. copies of the "Sepher Yetzirah " have no vowel points : the latest editions have them.
1	Note	note	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	14	mark	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	oldest	old	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	5	amod	_	_
5	MSS	MSS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
7	copies	copy	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	nsubj	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
10	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	Sepher	Sepher	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
12	Yetzirah	Yetzirah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
13	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	12	punct	_	_
14	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	ccomp	_	_
15	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	17	det	_	_
16	vowel	vowel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	compound	_	_
17	points	point	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obj	_	_
18	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	22	punct	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
20	latest	late	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	21	amod	_	_
21	editions	edition	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	nsubj	_	_
22	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	parataxis	_	_
23	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	22	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **note** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **have** | present | the oldest MSS | no vowel points |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent point=Patient |
| 3 | **have** | present | the latest editions | points *= point* |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Patient |
| 4 | **copy** |  |  | the Sepher Yetzirah |  |  |  |  | nom copy «communication transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Sefer Yetzirah, Westcott 1893)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:vowel:x1:2
# text = (Sefer Yetzirah, Westcott 1893)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Sefer	Sefer	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	Yetzirah	Yetzirah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	Westcott	Westcott	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
6	1893	1893	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ginsburg asserts that the system of vowel polluting was invented by a Rabbi Mocha in Palestine about a.d. 570, who designed it to assist his pupils. (Sefer Yetzirah, Westcott 1893)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Ginsburg asserts that the system of vowel polluting was invented by a Rabbi Mocha in Palestine about a.d.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:vowel:x2:1
# text = Ginsburg asserts that the system of vowel polluting was invented by a Rabbi Mocha in Palestine about a.d.
1	Ginsburg	Ginsburg	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	asserts	assert	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	system	system	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj:pass	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	vowel	vowel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	polluting	polluting	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
9	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux:pass	_	_
10	invented	invent	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	ccomp	_	_
11	by	by	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	Rabbi	Rabbi	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	_
14	Mocha	Mocha	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
15	in	in	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	Palestine	Palestine	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	_
17	about	about	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	a.d	a.d	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **assert** | present | Ginsburg |  |  |  |  |  | vn conjecture-29.5 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 2 | **invent** | past · passive | a Rabbi Mocha in Palestine | the system of vowel polluting |  |  |  | about a.d | vn create-26.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Result |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* 570, who designed it to assist his pupils.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:vowel:x2:2
# text = 570, who designed it to assist his pupils.
1	570	570	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
3	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	4	nsubj	_	_
4	designed	design	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	1	conj	_	_
5	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	obj	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	assist	assist	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	advcl	_	_
8	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	pupils	pupil	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **design** | past |  | system |  |  |  |  | vn create-26.4-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Result |
| 2 | **assist** | to-infinitive |  |  | Ginsburg's pupils |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pupil=Beneficiary |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 3:* (Sefer Yetzirah, Westcott 1893)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:vowel:x2:3
# text = (Sefer Yetzirah, Westcott 1893)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Sefer	Sefer	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	Yetzirah	Yetzirah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	Westcott	Westcott	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
6	1893	1893	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In usual Hebrew grammatical terminology, the term ‘mothers’ is reserved for the אִמּוֹת קְרִיאָה immot qeriʼah, ‘mothers of reading’ (whence Latin matres lectionis), the letters אהו״י Alef-Heh-Waw-Yod which can serve to represent either consonants or vowels. (Sefer Yetzirah, Sefaria community translation)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* In usual Hebrew grammatical terminology, the term ‘mothers’ is reserved for the אִמּוֹת קְרִיאָה immot qeriʼah, ‘mothers of reading’ (whence Latin matres lectionis), the letters אהו״י Alef-Heh-Waw-Yod which can serve to represent either consonants or vowels.

<!-- fold The tree, 39 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:vowel:x3:1
# text = In usual Hebrew grammatical terminology, the term ‘mothers’ is reserved for the אִמּוֹת קְרִיאָה immot qeriʼah, ‘mothers of reading’ (whence Latin matres lectionis), the letters אהו״י Alef-Heh-Waw-Yod which can serve to represent either consonants or vowels.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
2	usual	usual	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
3	Hebrew	hebrew	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
4	grammatical	grammatical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	terminology	terminology	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	term	term	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj:pass	_	_
9	‘	'	PUNCT	``	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	mothers	mother	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	’	'	PUNCT	''	_	10	punct	_	_
12	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	aux:pass	_	_
13	reserved	reserve	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
14	for	for	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	אִמּוֹת	אִמּוֹת	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
17	קְרִיאָה	קְרִיאָה	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
18	immot	immot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	compound	_	_
19	qeriʼah	qeriʼah	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
21	‘	'	PUNCT	``	_	22	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	mothers	mother	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	conj	_	_
23	of	of	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
24	reading	reading	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	’	'	PUNCT	''	_	13	punct	_	_
26	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	30	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	whence	whence	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	30	advmod	_	_
28	Latin	Latin	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	29	amod	_	_
29	matres	matre	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	30	compound	_	_
30	lectionis	lectionis	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	30	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	34	punct	_	_
33	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	34	det	_	_
34	letters	letter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	30	obl	_	_
35	אהו	אהו	PUNCT	,	_	36	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	״	״	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
37	י	י	ADP	IN	_	38	case	_	_
38	Alef	Alef	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	36	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
39	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	40	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
40	Heh	Heh	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	38	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
41	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	44	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
42	Waw	Waw	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	44	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
43	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	44	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
44	Yod	yod	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	38	appos	_	_
45	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	47	nsubj	_	_
46	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	47	aux	_	_
47	serve	serve	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	44	acl:relcl	_	_
48	to	to	PART	TO	_	49	mark	_	_
49	represent	represent	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	47	xcomp	_	_
50	either	either	CCONJ	CC	_	51	cc:preconj	_	_
51	consonants	consonant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	49	obj	_	_
52	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	53	cc	_	_
53	vowels	vowel	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	51	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
54	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **reserve** | present · passive |  | the term |  | usual Hebrew grammatical terminology |  | for the אִמּוֹת and immot qeriʼah and mothers of reading | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: subject=Theme for אִמּוֹת=Beneficiary |
| 2 | **serve** | can | Waw Yod |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **represent** | to-infinitive | Waw Yod *not said here* | consonants or vowels |  |  |  |  | vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot consonant=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Sefer Yetzirah, Sefaria community translation)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:vowel:x3:2
# text = (Sefer Yetzirah, Sefaria community translation)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Sefer	Sefer	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	Yetzirah	Yetzirah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
5	Sefaria	Sefaria	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
6	community	community	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	translation	translation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The word "dog" has one vowel.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:vowel:x4:1
# text = The word "dog" has one vowel.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	dog	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
6	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	8	nummod	_	_
8	vowel	vowel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | the word | one vowel |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent vowel=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A, e, i, o and u are the vowels.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:vowel:x5:1
# text = A, e, i, o and u are the vowels.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
3	e	e	INTJ	UH	_	5	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	i	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	o	o	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	u	u	NOUN	NN	_	7	conj	_	_
10	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	vowels	vowel	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | i | the vowels |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"Rain" has a long vowel sound.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:vowel:x6:1
# text = "Rain" has a long vowel sound.
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Rain	rain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
4	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
6	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
7	vowel	vowel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	sound	sound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Rain | a long vowel sound |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sound=Patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Every English word needs at least one vowel sound.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:vowel:x7:1
# text = Every English word needs at least one vowel sound.
1	Every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	3	det	_	_
2	English	English	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	needs	need	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	at	at	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	least	least	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	7	nmod	_	_
7	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	9	nummod	_	_
8	vowel	vowel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	sound	sound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **need** | present | every English word | one vowel sound |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot sound=Theme |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In "sky" the letter y works as a vowel.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:vowel:x8:1
# text = In "sky" the letter y works as a vowel.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	sky	sky	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	letter	letter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	y	y	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
8	works	work	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	as	as	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	vowel	vowel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **work** | present | the letter y |  |  |  |  | as a vowel; in sky | vn employment-95.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent in sky=Theme |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Put "an" before words that start with a vowel sound, like "an apple".

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:vowel:x9:1
# text = Put "an" before words that start with a vowel sound, like "an apple".
1	Put	put	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	1	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
5	before	before	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obl	_	_
7	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
8	start	start	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl:relcl	_	_
9	with	with	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	vowel	vowel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
12	sound	sound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
14	like	like	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
15	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	apple	apple	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **put** | imperative | you *not said here* | an |  | words |  |  | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent a=Theme before word=Destination |
| 2 | **start** | present | words |  |  |  |  | with a vowel sound like a apple | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V PP.subeventuality»: agent=Eventuality with sound=Subeventuality |

## Example 10 {#x10}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
How many vowels are in the word "elephant"?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:vowel:x10:1
# text = How many vowels are in the word "elephant"?
1	How	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	2	advmod	_	_
2	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	vowels	vowel	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
4	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	elephant	elephant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | many vowels |  |  | the word |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 11 {#x11}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The teacher said the short vowel in "pin" changes to a long vowel in "pine".

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:vowel:x11:1
# text = The teacher said the short vowel in "pin" changes to a long vowel in "pine".
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	vowel	vowel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	pin	pin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	9	punct	_	_
11	changes	change	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	ccomp	_	_
12	to	to	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	vowel	vowel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
16	in	in	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	pine	pine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the teacher |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **change** | present | the short vowel in pin |  |  |  |  | to a long vowel in pine *result* | vn turn-26.6.1-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Agent to vowel=Result |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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