---
title: watchman — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «watchman» in the Judaism dictionary: A watchman is a person paid to stay awake and guard a building or street at night. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# watchman

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** watchman, old watchman, One, Lord, hour · **What happens:** be, pay, stay, guard, call out, cry · **To what, where:** person, building, someone, time, town, king · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«watchman» in the Judaism dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [watchman in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/watchman.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A watchman is a person paid to stay awake and guard a building or street at night.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:watchman:m1:1
# text = A watchman is a person paid to stay awake and guard a building or street at night.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	watchman	watchman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	paid	pay	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	stay	stay	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	xcomp	_	_
9	awake	awake	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	xcomp	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	guard	guard	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	conj	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	building	building	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	_
14	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	street	street	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	_
16	at	at	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a watchman | a person |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **pay** | participle |  | a person *not said here* |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **stay** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | awake *property* | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **guard** | infinitive |  | a building or street |  |  | at night |  | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent building=Beneficiary |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An old watchman was also someone who called out the time of night in a town.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:watchman:m2:1
# text = An old watchman was also someone who called out the time of night in a town.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	watchman	watchman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	also	also	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	0	root	_	_
7	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
8	called	call	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl:relcl	_	_
9	out	out	ADP	RP	_	8	compound:prt	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	xcomp	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	_
14	in	in	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	town	town	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | a old watchman | someone |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **call out** *speech: assert* | past |  | the time of night |  | a town |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And the watchman cried, and told the king. (Prophets 2SA.18.25, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* And the watchman cried, and told the king.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:watchman:x1:1
# text = And the watchman cried, and told the king.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	watchman	watchman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	cried	cry	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	told	tell	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cry** *speech: express* | past | the watchman |  |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **tell** *speech: assert* | past | the watchman *not said here* |  | the king |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent king=Recipient |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Prophets 2SA.18.25, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:watchman:x1:2
# text = (Prophets 2SA.18.25, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Prophets	prophet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	2SA.18.25	2SA.18.25	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod:unmarked	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
One calleth unto me out of Seir: 'Watchman, what of the night? (Prophets ISA.21.11, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* One calleth unto me out of Seir: 'Watchman, what of the night?

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:watchman:x2:1
# text = One calleth unto me out of Seir: 'Watchman, what of the night?
1	One	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	2	nsubj	_	_
2	calleth	call	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	obl	_	_
5	out	out	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Seir	Seir	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	10	punct	_	_
9	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	Watchman	watchman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
12	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	10	appos	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **call** | present | One |  |  | Seir |  | unto me | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Prophets ISA.21.11, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:watchman:x2:2
# text = (Prophets ISA.21.11, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Prophets	prophet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	ISA.21.11	ISA.21.11	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
For thus hath the Lord said unto me: Go, set a watchman; let him declare what he seeth! (Prophets ISA.21.6, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* For thus hath the Lord said unto me: Go, set a watchman; let him declare what he seeth!

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:watchman:x3:1
# text = For thus hath the Lord said unto me: Go, set a watchman; let him declare what he seeth!
1	For	for	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	thus	thus	ADV	RB	_	3	obl	_	_
3	hath	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	Lord	Lord	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
7	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	10	punct	_	_
10	Go	go	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	6	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
12	set	set	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	10	conj	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	watchman	watchman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	16	punct	_	_
16	let	let	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
17	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	obj	_	_
18	declare	declare	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	16	xcomp	_	_
19	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	21	obj	_	_
20	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	21	nsubj	_	_
21	seeth	see	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	18	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the Lord |  |  |  |  | unto me | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **go** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **set** | infinitive |  | a watchman |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Patient watchman=Result |
| 5 | **let** | infinitive |  | Lord |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 6 | **declare** *speech: other* | infinitive | Lord *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn declare-29.4-1-1-1 «NP V what S\_INF»: agent=Agent |
| 7 | **see** | present | Lord |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer what=Stimulus |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Prophets ISA.21.6, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:watchman:x3:2
# text = (Prophets ISA.21.6, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Prophets	prophet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	ISA.21.6	ISA.21.6	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Why, at the old watchman's house.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:watchman:x4:1
# text = Why, at the old watchman's house.
1	Why	why	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
3	at	at	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	watchman	watchman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	's	's	PART	POS	_	6	case	_	_
8	house	house	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
So then the watchman was again watchman.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:watchman:x5:1
# text = So then the watchman was again watchman.
1	So	so	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	7	advmod	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	watchman	watchman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
5	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
6	again	again	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	watchman	watchman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | the watchman | watchman |  |  | then; again |  | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«What's the hour, watchman?» asked a passer-by.

<!-- fold The tree, 9 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:watchman:x6:1
# text = «What's the hour, watchman?» asked a passer-by.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	5	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	hour	hour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	watchman	watchman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
10	asked	ask	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	passer	passer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	by	by	ADP	IN	_	12	fixed	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** *in a quote* | present |  | the hour and watchman |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **ask** *speech: ask* | past | the hour and watchman |  | a passer |  |  |  | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent passer=Recipient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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