---
title: weaken — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «weaken» in the Judaism dictionary: To weaken means to become weaker, or to make someone or something weaker, less strong or less powerful. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# weaken

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** He, us, your, people, they, you · **What happens:** weaken, mean, become, make, start, give in · **To what, where:** someone, mind, us, strength, way, hands · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«weaken» in the Judaism dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 12 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [weaken in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/weaken.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To weaken means to become weaker, or to make someone or something weaker, less strong or less powerful.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:weaken:m1:1
# text = To weaken means to become weaker, or to make someone or something weaker, less strong or less powerful.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	weaken	weaken	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	csubj	_	_
3	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	become	become	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	weaker	weak	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	5	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	make	make	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
11	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	10	obj	_	_
12	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	11	conj	_	_
14	weaker	weak	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	10	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
16	less	less	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	17	advmod	_	_
17	strong	strong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	conj	_	_
18	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
19	less	less	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	20	advmod	_	_
20	powerful	powerful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **weaken** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **become** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | weak *property* | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |
| 4 | **make** | to-infinitive |  | someone |  |  |  | weak *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset someone=Product |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To weaken can mean to start to give in or change your mind («He weakened and let us stay up late»).

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:weaken:m2:1
# text = To weaken can mean to start to give in or change your mind («He weakened and let us stay up late»).
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	weaken	weaken	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	csubj	_	_
3	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	mean	mean	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	start	start	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	give	give	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	xcomp	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	RP	_	8	compound:prt	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	change	change	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	conj	_	_
12	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	mind	mind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	_
14	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	nsubj	_	_
17	weakened	weaken	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	conj	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
19	let	let	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	conj	_	_
20	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	19	obj	_	_
21	stay	stay	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	19	xcomp	_	_
22	up	up	ADP	RP	_	21	compound:prt	_	_
23	late	late	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	21	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	21	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **weaken** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **mean** | can |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **start** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 4 | **give in** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn acquiesce-95.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **change** | infinitive |  | your mind |  |  |  |  | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mind=Patient |
| 6 | **weaken** *in a quote* | past | He |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 7 | **let** *in a quote* | infinitive |  | us |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 8 | **stay up** *in a quote* | infinitive | us *not said here* |  |  |  |  | late *property* | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 9 | **mind** |  | your |  |  |  |  |  | nom mind «cognition transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He weakened my strength in the way; He shortened my days. (Writings PSA.102.24, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* He weakened my strength in the way; He shortened my days.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:weaken:x1:1
# text = He weakened my strength in the way; He shortened my days.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	weakened	weaken	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	strength	strength	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	10	punct	_	_
9	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	shortened	shorten	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
11	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	days	day	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **weaken** | past | He | my strength |  | the way |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent strength=Patient |
| 2 | **shorten** | past | He |  |  |  | day |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings PSA.102.24, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:weaken:x1:2
# text = (Writings PSA.102.24, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	PSA.102.24	PSA.102.24	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Then the people of the land weakened the hands of the people of Judah, and harried them while they were building, (Writings EZR.4.4, JPS 1917)

<!-- fold The tree, 25 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:weaken:x2:1
# text = Then the people of the land weakened the hands of the people of Judah, and harried them while they were building, (Writings EZR.4.4, JPS 1917)
1	Then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	7	advmod	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
7	weakened	weaken	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	hands	hand	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nmod	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	Judah	Judah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	harried	harry	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
18	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	obj	_	_
19	while	while	SCONJ	IN	_	22	mark	_	_
20	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	22	nsubj	_	_
21	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	22	aux	_	_
22	building	build	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	17	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
24	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	25	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	obj	_	_
26	EZR.4.4	EZR.4.4	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	25	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
28	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	26	flat	_	_
29	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	26	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	26	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **weaken** | past | the people of the land | the hands of the people of Judah |  |  | then |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent hand=Patient |
| 2 | **harry** | past | the people of the land *not said here* | people |  |  |  |  | vn bully-59.5 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Patient |
| 3 | **build** | past · progressive | people | Writings |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset writing=Product |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
For they all would have us afraid, saying: 'Their hands shall be weakened from the work, that it be not done.' But now, strengthen Thou my hands. (Writings NEH.6.9, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* For they all would have us afraid, saying: 'Their hands shall be weakened from the work, that it be not done.'

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:weaken:x3:1
# text = For they all would have us afraid, saying: 'Their hands shall be weakened from the work, that it be not done.'
1	For	for	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
2	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
3	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	2	det	_	_
4	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	have	have	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	5	obj	_	_
7	afraid	afraid	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	saying	say	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	5	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	16	punct	_	_
11	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	Their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	hands	hand	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	nsubj:pass	_	_
14	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	16	aux	_	_
15	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	16	aux:pass	_	_
16	weakened	weaken	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	ccomp	_	_
17	from	from	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	work	work	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
21	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	25	mark	_	_
22	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	25	nsubj:pass	_	_
23	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	25	aux:pass	_	_
24	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	25	advmod	_	_
25	done	do	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	16	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	16	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | would | they | us |  |  |  | afraid *property* | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent we=Patient |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | gerund | they *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **weaken** | shall · passive |  | Their hands |  | the work |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient |
| 4 | **not** **do** | infinitive · passive |  | work |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Eventuality |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* But now, strengthen Thou my hands.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:weaken:x3:2
# text = But now, strengthen Thou my hands.
1	But	but	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
2	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	4	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	strengthen	strengthen	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	Thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	4	obj	_	_
6	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	hands	hand	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **strengthen** | imperative | you *not said here* | Thou |  |  | now |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 3:* (Writings NEH.6.9, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:weaken:x3:3
# text = (Writings NEH.6.9, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	NEH.6.9	NEH.6.9	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The storm weakened as it moved over land.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:weaken:x4:1
# text = The storm weakened as it moved over land.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	storm	storm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	weakened	weaken	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	as	as	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	obl	_	_
6	moved	move	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	over	over	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **weaken** | participle |  | the storm *not said here* |  |  |  | as storm | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **move** | past | the storm |  |  | land |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme over land=Trajectory |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Rust can weaken a metal bridge.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:weaken:x5:1
# text = Rust can weaken a metal bridge.
1	Rust	rust	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	weaken	weaken	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	metal	metal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	bridge	bridge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **weaken** | can | Rust | a metal bridge |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent bridge=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Being ill for a week weakened her.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:weaken:x6:1
# text = Being ill for a week weakened her.
1	Being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	cop	_	_
2	ill	ill	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	advcl	_	_
3	for	for	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	week	week	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	weakened	weaken	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	her	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | gerund |  |  |  |  | week | ill *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **weaken** | past |  | her *= she* |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent she=Patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Adding water weakens the squash.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:weaken:x7:1
# text = Adding water weakens the squash.
1	Adding	add	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	csubj	_	_
2	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
3	weakens	weaken	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	squash	squash	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **add** *speech: assert* | gerund |  | water |  |  |  |  | vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent water=Patient |
| 2 | **weaken** | present | Adding | the squash |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent squash=Patient |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mum weakened and bought us ice cream.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:weaken:x8:1
# text = Mum weakened and bought us ice cream.
1	Mum	mum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	weakened	weaken	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	bought	buy	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
5	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	iobj	_	_
6	ice	ice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	cream	cream	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **weaken** | past | Mum |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **buy** | past | Mum *not said here* | ice cream | us |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP.beneficiary NP»: agent=Agent we=Beneficiary cream=Theme |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Cracks weakened the wall, so it was unsafe.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:weaken:x9:1
# text = Cracks weakened the wall, so it was unsafe.
1	Cracks	crack	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	weakened	weaken	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	wall	wall	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
6	so	so	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
7	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
8	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
9	unsafe	unsafe	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **weaken** | past | Cracks | the wall |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent wall=Patient |
| 2 | **is** | past | wall |  |  |  |  | unsafe *property* | tree rules |

## Example 10 {#x10}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The magic potion weakened the dragon.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:weaken:x10:1
# text = The magic potion weakened the dragon.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	magic	magic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	potion	potion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	weakened	weaken	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	dragon	dragon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **weaken** | past | the magic potion | the dragon |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent dragon=Patient |

## Example 11 {#x11}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Not sleeping enough can weaken your body.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:weaken:x11:1
# text = Not sleeping enough can weaken your body.
1	Not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	2	advmod	_	_
2	sleeping	sleep	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	nsubj	_	_
3	enough	enough	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	weaken	weaken	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **sleep** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | enough *property* | vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **weaken** | can |  | your body |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent body=Patient |

## Example 12 {#x12}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The reason for wearing these, he said, was that his eyes had been weakened by the work of many years.

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:weaken:x12:1
# text = The reason for wearing these, he said, was that his eyes had been weakened by the work of many years.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	reason	reason	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
3	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
4	wearing	wear	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	acl	_	_
5	these	this	PRON	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
7	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
10	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	16	aux:pass	_	_
11	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	16	mark	_	_
12	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	eyes	eye	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	nsubj:pass	_	_
14	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	16	aux	_	_
15	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	16	aux:pass	_	_
16	weakened	weaken	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	ccomp	_	_
17	by	by	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	work	work	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	_
20	of	of	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	_
22	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wear** | gerund | the reason *not said here* | these |  |  |  |  | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent this=Source |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the reason |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **weaken** | past · perfect · passive | the work of many years | reason's eyes |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent subject=Patient |
| 4 | **work** |  | many years |  |  |  |  |  | nom work «act intransitive»: of=agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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