---
title: welter — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «welter» in the Judaism dictionary: Disorder or a confused mess. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# welter

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**Who acts:** it, Hebrew Bible, Genesis · **What happens:** mean, capture, תֹהוּ, translate · **To what, where:** Most, English, וָבֹהוּ

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«welter» in the Judaism dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 1 example, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [welter in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/welter.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Disorder or a confused mess.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:welter:m1:1
# text = Disorder or a confused mess.
1	Disorder	disorder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
2	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	confused	confused	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	mess	mess	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Most literally, it means ‘waste(land)’, the lifeless open desert, a translation of \[Genesis 1:2\] so far captured in English only by Robert Alter’s The Hebrew Bible (2019), who poetically renders תֹהוּ וָבֹהוּ tohu vavohu as “waste and welter”; cf. (Sefer Yetzirah, Sefaria community translation)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Most literally, it means ‘waste(land)’, the lifeless open desert, a translation of \[Genesis 1:2\] so far captured in English only by Robert Alter’s The Hebrew Bible (2019), who poetically renders תֹהוּ וָבֹהוּ tohu vavohu as “waste and welter”; cf.

<!-- fold The tree, 41 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:welter:x1:1
# text = Most literally, it means ‘waste(land)’, the lifeless open desert, a translation of [Genesis 1:2] so far captured in English only by Robert Alter’s The Hebrew Bible (2019), who poetically renders תֹהוּ וָבֹהוּ tohu vavohu as “waste and welter”; cf.
1	Most	most	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	5	obl	_	_
2	literally	literally	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
4	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
5	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	‘	'	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	waste	waste	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	’	'	PUNCT	''	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
14	lifeless	lifeless	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
15	open	open	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	desert	desert	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
18	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	translation	translation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	conj	_	_
20	of	of	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	[	[	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	22	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	Genesis	Genesis	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	nmod	_	_
23	1:2	1:2	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	22	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	]	]	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	16	punct	_	_
25	so	so	ADV	RB	_	27	advmod	_	_
26	far	far	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	27	advmod	_	_
27	captured	capture	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	parataxis	_	_
28	in	in	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
29	English	English	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	27	obl	_	_
30	only	only	ADV	RB	_	32	advmod	_	_
31	by	by	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
32	Robert	Robert	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	27	obl:agent	_	_
33	Alter	Alter	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	32	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	’s	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	32	acl:relcl	_	_
35	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	37	det	_	_
36	Hebrew	Hebrew	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	37	compound	_	_
37	Bible	Bible	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	34	obj	_	_
38	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	39	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
39	2019	2019	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	37	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
40	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	39	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
41	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	45	punct	_	_
42	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	45	nsubj	_	_
43	poetically	poetically	ADV	RB	_	45	advmod	_	_
44	renders	render	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	45	nsubj	_	_
45	תֹהוּ	תֹהוּ	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	37	conj	_	_
46	וָבֹהוּ	וָבֹהוּ	X	FW	Foreign=Yes	45	obj	_	_
47	tohu	tohu	X	FW	Foreign=Yes	46	flat:foreign	_	_
48	vavohu	vavohu	X	FW	Foreign=Yes	46	flat:foreign	_	_
49	as	as	ADP	IN	_	51	case	_	_
50	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	51	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
51	waste	waste	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	45	obl	_	_
52	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	53	cc	_	_
53	welter	welter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	51	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
54	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	45	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
55	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	56	punct	_	_
56	cf	cf	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
57	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | it | Most |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent waste=Topic |
| 2 | **capture** | participle |  |  |  | English |  | far *property* | vn steal-10.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **תֹהוּ** | present | the Hebrew Bible | וָבֹהוּ |  |  |  | as waste and welter; poetically *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **translate** |  | Genesis |  |  |  |  |  | nom translation «communication intransitive»: of=agent |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Sefer Yetzirah, Sefaria community translation)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:welter:x1:2
# text = (Sefer Yetzirah, Sefaria community translation)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Sefer	Sefer	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	Yetzirah	Yetzirah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
5	Sefaria	Sefaria	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
6	community	community	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	translation	translation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

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**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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